GLOFIL®-125 (Sodium Iothalamate I-125 Injection) is a sterile, nonpyrogenic aqueous injection containing approximately 1 mg sodium iothalamate per mL, and 0.9 percent benzyl alcohol as a preservative. The radioactive concentration of the material is 250-300 μCi/mL as of the calibration date. Sodium bicarbonate and hydrochloric acid are present for pH adjustment.
Iodine-125 decays by electron capture with a physical half-life of 60.14 days. Photons that are useful for detection are listed in Table 1.
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Radiation | Mean Number Per Disintegration | Mean Energy (keV) |
Gamma-1 | 0.067 | 35.5 |
Kα1 X-ray | 0.741 | 27.5 |
Kα2 X-ray | 0.398 | 27.2 |
Kß1 X-ray | 0.140 | 31.0 |
Kß2 X-ray | 0.043 | 31.7 |
Kß3 X-ray | 0.072 | 30.9 |
The specific gamma ray constant for I-125 is 1.43 R/mCi-hr at 1 cm. The first half value thickness of lead (Pb) for I-125 is 0.017 mm. A range of values for the relative attenuation of the radiation emitted by this radionuclide resulting from interposition of various thicknesses of Pb is shown in Table 2. For example, the use of 0.28 mm of Pb will decrease the external radiation exposure by a factor of 10,000.
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Shield Thickness (Pb), mm | Coefficient of Attenuation |
0.017 | 0.5 |
0.058 | 0.1 |
0.12 | 0.01 |
0.2 | 0.001 |
0.28 | 0.0001 |
To correct for physical decay of this radionuclide, the fractions that remain at selected time intervals after the date of calibration are shown in Table 3.
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Days | Fraction Remaining | Days | Fraction Remaining | Days | Fraction Remaining |
0* | 1.000 | 15 | 0.841 | 30 | 0.707 |
1 | 0.989 | 16 | 0.831 | 31 | 0.699 |
2 | 0.977 | 17 | 0.822 | 32 | 0.691 |
3 | 0.966 | 18 | 0.812 | 33 | 0.683 |
4 | 0.955 | 19 | 0.803 | 34 | 0.675 |
5 | 0.944 | 20 | 0.794 | 35 | 0.667 |
6 | 0.933 | 21 | 0.785 | 36 | 0.660 |
7 | 0.922 | 22 | 0.776 | 37 | 0.652 |
8 | 0.912 | 23 | 0.767 | 38 | 0.645 |
9 | 0.901 | 24 | 0.758 | 39 | 0.637 |
10 | 0.891 | 25 | 0.749 | 40 | 0.630 |
11 | 0.881 | 26 | 0.740 | 41 | 0.623 |
12 | 0.871 | 27 | 0.732 | 42 | 0.616 |
13 | 0.861 | 28 | 0.724 | 43 | 0.608 |
14 | 0.851 | 29 | 0.715 | 44 | 0.601 |
45 | 0.595 |
As in the use of any radioactive material, care should be taken to minimize radiation exposure to the patient, consistent with proper patient management, and to insure minimum radiation exposure to occupational workers.
Radiopharmaceuticals should be used only by physicians who are qualified by training and experience in the safe use and handling of radionuclides.
Rapid or bolus-like injections should be avoided.
No long-term animal studies have been performed to evaluate carcinogenic potential, mutagenic potential, or whether this drug affects fertility in males or females.
Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with GLOFIL®-125. It is also not known whether GLOFIL®-125 can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. GLOFIL®-125 should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.
The suggested dose range employed in the average patient (70 kg) is as follows:
Continuous intravenous infusion: 20 to 100 μCi (0.74-3.7 megabecquerels) (Sigman, et al (1) method).
Single intravenous injection: 10 to 30 μCi (0.37-1.11 megabecquerels) (Cohen, et al (2) method).
The patient dose should be measured by a suitable radioactivity calibration system immediately prior to administration.
Sigman (1) method
I. Preparation:
II. Procedure:
III. Clearance Calculations:
Cohen (2) method:
The method of Cohen, et al (2) requires little preparation, few and small blood samples, no bladder catheterization, and no constant intravenous infusion. It is simple to perform, rapid, and utilizes equipment which is readily available in most modern laboratories.
I. Preparation:
No diet or water restriction is necessary.
II. Procedure: Record actual times for the collection of the blood and urine samples.
III. Clearance Calculations:
C = UV/P + 1.73/SA where
C = glomerular filtration rate in mL/min/1.73 m2
U = urine radioactivity in counts/min/mL
V = urine flow rate in mL/min
P= mean plasma radioactivity in counts/min/mL
SA= body surface area in m2
The estimated absorbed radiation doses to an average (70 kg) patient from an intravenous dose of 100 μCi (3.7 megabecquerels) of GLOFIL®-125 are shown in Table 4. Calculations assume that there is 1% free iodide in the preparation and that the thyroid uptake of the iodine is 25%.
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Absorbed radiation doses for 100 µCi (3.7 megabecquerels) | ||||
2 hour bladder voiding interval | 4.8 hour bladder voiding interval | |||
Organ | rads | mGy | rads | mGy |
Lower Large Intestine Wall | 0.00065 | 0.0065 | 0.0012 | 0.012 |
Small Intestine | 0.00044 | 0.0044 | 0.00050 | 0.0050 |
Stomach | 0.00047 | 0.0047 | 0.00047 | 0.0047 |
Upper Large Intestine Wall | 0.00040 | 0.0040 | 0.00044 | 0.0044 |
Kidneys | 0.0064 | 0.064 | 0.0064 | 0.064 |
Liver | 0.0018 | 0.018 | 0.0018 | 0.018 |
Ovaries | 0.00054 | 0.0054 | 0.00085 | 0.0085 |
Testes | 0.0019 | 0.019 | 0.0021 | 0.021 |
Urinary Bladder Wall | 0.022 | 0.22 | 0.06 | 0.6 |
Red Marrow | 0.00033 | 0.0033 | 0.00034 | 0.0034 |
Thyroid | 0.78 | 7.8 | 0.78 | 7.8 |
Total Body | 0.00096 | 0.0096 | 0.0011 | 0.011 |
No. 1000, GLOFIL®-125 is a clear, colorless, sterile, and nonpyrogenic solution available as a 4 mL vial. It is supplied in a concentration of approximately 1 mg/mL sodium iothalamate (range is 0.5–2.0 mg sodium iothalamate per mL), with a radioactivity concentration of 250 to 300 μCi/mL at the time of calibration. Benzyl alcohol 0.9%, is added as a preservative. Sodium bicarbonate and hydrochloric acid are added for pH adjustment. The calibration and expiration dates are shown on the label.
Table 3 provides the required factors for the determination of activity per mL post calibration date for GLOFIL®-125 sterile solution.
To determine the dose volume, locate the decay factor (fraction remaining) which corresponds to the day that the dose is to be administered. The following equation is then utilized to determine the dose volume:
(activity of desired dose) /[(decay factor) x (amount of activity/mL on calibration day)] = dose volume (mL) (information on label)
Manufactured by Iso-Tex Diagnostics, Inc. for QOL Medical
QOL Medical
Kirkland, WA 98033
Phone 1-866-469-3773
Revised April 2006
No. 1000
NDC: 67871-772-92
GLOFIL-125
iothalamate sodium, i-125 injection |
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Labeler - QOL Medical |