PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE injection, solution
Pyridoxine Hydrochloride by
Drug Labeling and Warnings
Pyridoxine Hydrochloride by is a Prescription medication manufactured, distributed, or labeled by Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC. Drug facts, warnings, and ingredients follow.
Drug Details [pdf]
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DESCRIPTION:
Pyridoxine Hydrochloride Injection, USP is a sterile solution of pyridoxine hydrochloride in Water for Injection. Each mL contains 100 mg pyridoxine hydrochloride and 0.5% chlorobutanol anhydrous (chloral deriv.). pH adjusted with sodium hydroxide if necessary (2.0 to 3.8).
Pyridoxine hydrochloride is a colorless or white crystal or a white crystalline powder. One gram dissolves in 5 mL of water. It is stable in air and is slowly affected by sunlight.
The chemical name is 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis (hydroxymethyl) pyridine hydrochloride.
The structural formula is:
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CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY:
Natural substances that have vitamin B 6 activity are pyridoxine in plants and pyridoxal or pyridoxamine in animals. All 3 are converted to pyridoxal phosphate by the enzyme pyridoxal kinase. The physiologically active forms of vitamin B 6 are pyridoxal phosphate (codecarboxylase) and pyridoxamine phosphate. Riboflavin is required for the conversion of pyridoxine phosphate to pyridoxal phosphate.
Vitamin B 6 acts as a coenzyme in the metabolism of protein, carbohydrate, and fat. In protein metabolism, it participates in the decarboxylation of amino acids, conversion of tryptophan to niacin or to serotonin (5-hydroxtryptamine), deamination, and transamination and transulfuration of amino acids. In carbohydrate metabolism, it is responsible for the breakdown of glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate.
The total adult body pool consists of 16 to 25 mg of pyridoxine. Its half-life appears to be 15 to 20 days. Vitamin B 6 is degraded to 4-pyridoxic acid in the liver. This metabolite is excreted in the urine.
The need for pyridoxine increases with the amount of protein in the diet. The tryptophan load test appears to uncover early vitamin B 6 deficiency by detecting xanthinurea. The average adult minimum daily requirement is about 1.25 mg. The ‘‘Recommended Dietary Allowance’’ of the National Academy of Sciences is estimated to be as much as 2.2 mg for adults and 2.5 mg for pregnant and lactating women. The requirements are more in persons having certain genetic defects or those being treated with isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INHJ) or oral contraceptives.
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INDICATIONS AND USAGE:
Pyridoxine Hydrochloride Injection is effective for the treatment of pyridoxine deficiency as seen in the following:
Inadequate dietary intake.
Drug-induced deficiency, as from isoniazid (INH) or oral contraceptives.
Inborn errors of metabolism, e.g., vitamin B 6 dependent convulsions or vitamin B 6 responsive anemia.
The parenteral route is indicated when oral administration is not feasible as in anorexia, nausea and vomiting, and preoperative and postoperative conditions. It is also indicated when gastrointestinal absorption is impaired.
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WARNINGS:
WARNING: This product contains aluminum that may be toxic. Aluminum may reach toxic levels with prolonged parenteral administration if kidney function is impaired. Premature neonates are particularly at risk because their kidneys are immature, and they require large amounts of calcium and phosphate solutions, which contain aluminum.
Research indicates that patients with impaired kidney function, including premature neonates, who receive parenteral levels of aluminum at greater than 4 to 5 mcg/kg/day accumulate aluminum at levels associated with central nervous system and bone toxicity. Tissue loading may occur at even lower rates of administration.
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PRECAUTIONS:
General
Single deficiency, as of pyridoxine alone, is rare. Multiple vitamin deficiency is to be expected in any inadequate diet. Patients treated with levodopa should avoid supplemental vitamins that contain more than 5 mg pyridoxine in the daily dose.
Women taking oral contraceptives may exhibit increased pyridoxine requirements.
Drug Interactions
Pyridoxine supplements should not be given to patients receiving levodopa, because the action of the latter drug is antagonized by pyridoxine. However, this vitamin may be used concurrently in patients receiving a preparation containing both carbidopa and levodopa.
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Category A—The requirement for pyridoxine appears to be increased during pregnancy. Pyridoxine is sometimes of value in the treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.
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DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION:
Pyridoxine Hydrochloride Injection may be administered intramuscularly or intravenously. In cases of dietary deficiency, the dosage is 10 to 20 mg daily for 3 weeks. Follow-up treatment is recommended daily for several weeks with an oral therapeutic multivitamin preparation containing 2 to 5 mg pyridoxine. Poor dietary habits should be corrected, and an adequate, well balanced diet should be prescribed.
The vitamin B 6 dependency syndrome may require a therapeutic dosage of as much as 600 mg a day and a daily intake of 30 mg for life.
In deficiencies due to INH, the dosage is 100 mg daily for 3 weeks followed by a 30 mg maintenance dose daily.
In poisoning caused by ingestion of more than 10 g of INH, an equal amount of pyridoxine should be given — 4 g intravenously followed by 1 g intramuscularly every 30 minutes.
Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.
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HOW SUPPLIED:
Pyridoxine Hydrochloride Injection, USP is supplied as:
Product Code Unit of Sale
Strength Each 1801
NDC: 63323-180-01
Unit of 25100 mg per mL
NDC: 63323-180-00
1 mL fill, in a 2 mL multiple dose vial
PROTECT FROM LIGHT.
Use only if solution is clear and seal intact.
Sterile.
Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].
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INGREDIENTS AND APPEARANCE
PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE
pyridoxine hydrochloride injection, solutionProduct Information Product Type HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG Item Code (Source) NDC: 63323-180 Route of Administration INTRAMUSCULAR, INTRAVENOUS Active Ingredient/Active Moiety Ingredient Name Basis of Strength Strength PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE (UNII: 68Y4CF58BV) (PYRIDOXINE - UNII:KV2JZ1BI6Z) PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE 100 mg in 1 mL Inactive Ingredients Ingredient Name Strength CHLOROBUTANOL (UNII: HM4YQM8WRC) 5 mg in 1 mL SODIUM HYDROXIDE (UNII: 55X04QC32I) Packaging # Item Code Package Description Marketing Start Date Marketing End Date 1 NDC: 63323-180-01 25 in 1 TRAY 09/05/2000 1 NDC: 63323-180-00 1 mL in 1 VIAL; Type 0: Not a Combination Product Marketing Information Marketing Category Application Number or Monograph Citation Marketing Start Date Marketing End Date ANDA ANDA080618 08/14/1972 Labeler - Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC (608775388) Establishment Name Address ID/FEI Business Operations Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC 840771732 manufacture(63323-180)
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