{"adverse_reactions":["6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The most common (incidence ≥ 5%) adverse reactions were dry mouth, constipation, diarrhea, headache, somnolence, and dizziness. ( 6 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc. at 1-877-446-3679 (1-877-4-INFO-RX) or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, the adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice. The safety and efficacy of oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets (5 to 30 mg/day) was evaluated in 774 adult subjects who participated in five double-blind, controlled clinical trials. In four of the five studies, oxybutynin chloride tablets (5 to 20 mg/day in 199 subjects) was an active comparator. Adverse reactions reported by ≥ 1% of subjects are shown in Table 1. Table 1: Adverse Drug Reactions Reported by ≥ 1% of Oxybutynin Chloride Extended-release Tablets-Treated Adult Subjects in Five Double-Blind, Controlled Clinical Trials of Oxybutynin Chloride Extended-release Tablets System/Organ Class Preferred Term Oxybutynin Chloride Extended-release Tablets 5 to 30 mg/day n = 774 % Oxybutynin Chloride Tablets Immediate-release formulation 5 to 20 mg/day n = 199 % Psychiatric Disorders Insomnia 3 5.5 Nervous System Disorders Headache 7.5 8 Somnolence 5.6 14.1 Dizziness 5 16.6 Dysgeusia 1.6 1.5 Eye Disorders Vision blurred 4.3 9.6 Dry eye 3.1 2.5 Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders Cough 1.9 3 Oropharyngeal pain 1.9 1.5 Dry throat 1.7 2.5 Nasal dryness 1.7 4.5 Gastrointestinal Disorders Dry mouth 34.9 72.4 Constipation 8.7 15.1 Diarrhea 7.9 6.5 Dyspepsia 4.5 6 Nausea 4.5 11.6 Abdominal pain 1.6 2 Vomiting 1.3 1.5 Flatulence 1.2 2.5 Gastro-esophageal reflux disease 1 0.5 Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders Dry skin 1.8 2.5 Pruritus 1.3 1.5 Renal and Urinary Disorders Dysuria 1.9 2 Urinary hesitation 1.9 8.5 Urinary retention 1.2 3 General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions Fatigue 2.6 3 Investigations Residual urine volume The bundled term residual urine volume consists of the preferred terms residual urine volume and residual urine volume increased. 2.3 3.5 The discontinuation rate due to adverse reactions was 4.4% with oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets compared to 0% with oxybutynin chloride tablets. The most frequent adverse reaction causing discontinuation of study medication was dry mouth (0.7%). The following adverse reactions were reported by < 1% of oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets-treated patients and at a higher incidence than placebo in clinical trials: Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders: anorexia, fluid retention; Vascular disorders: hot flush; Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: dysphonia; Gastrointestinal Disorders: dysphagia, frequent bowel movements; General disorders and administration site conditions: chest discomfort, thirst. 6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following additional adverse reactions have been reported from worldwide postmarketing experience with oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets. Because postmarketing reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Psychiatric Disorders: psychotic disorder, agitation, hallucinations, memory impairment; Nervous System Disorders: convulsions; Eye Disorders: glaucoma; Cardiac Disorders: arrhythmia, tachycardia, QT interval prolongation; Vascular Disorders: flushing; Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: rash; Renal and Urinary Disorders: impotence; General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions: hypersensitivity reactions, including angioedema with airway obstruction, urticaria, and face edema; anaphylactic reactions requiring hospitalization for emergency treatment; Injury, poisoning and procedural complications: fall. Additional adverse events reported with some other oxybutynin chloride formulations include: cycloplegia, mydriasis, and suppression of lactation."],"adverse_reactions_table":["
Table 1: Adverse Drug Reactions Reported by ≥ 1% of Oxybutynin Chloride Extended-release Tablets-Treated Adult Subjects in Five Double-Blind, Controlled Clinical Trials of Oxybutynin Chloride Extended-release Tablets
System/Organ Class Preferred Term Oxybutynin Chloride Extended-release Tablets 5 to 30 mg/day n = 774 % Oxybutynin Chloride Tablets Immediate-release formulation 5 to 20 mg/day n = 199 %
Psychiatric Disorders
Insomnia 3 5.5
Nervous System Disorders
Headache 7.5 8
Somnolence 5.6 14.1
Dizziness 5 16.6
Dysgeusia 1.6 1.5
Eye Disorders
Vision blurred 4.3 9.6
Dry eye 3.1 2.5
Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders
Cough 1.9 3
Oropharyngeal pain 1.9 1.5
Dry throat 1.7 2.5
Nasal dryness 1.7 4.5
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Dry mouth 34.9 72.4
Constipation 8.7 15.1
Diarrhea 7.9 6.5
Dyspepsia 4.5 6
Nausea 4.5 11.6
Abdominal pain 1.6 2
Vomiting 1.3 1.5
Flatulence 1.2 2.5
Gastro-esophageal reflux disease 1 0.5
Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders
Dry skin 1.8 2.5
Pruritus 1.3 1.5
Renal and Urinary Disorders
Dysuria 1.9 2
Urinary hesitation 1.9 8.5
Urinary retention 1.2 3
General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions
Fatigue 2.6 3
Investigations
Residual urine volume The bundled term residual urine volume consists of the preferred terms residual urine volume and residual urine volume increased. 2.3 3.5
"],"carcinogenesis_and_mutagenesis_and_impairment_of_fertility":["13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility A 24-month study in rats at dosages of oxybutynin chloride of 20, 80, and 160 mg/kg/day showed no evidence of carcinogenicity. These doses are approximately 6, 25, and 50 times the maximum human exposure, based on a human equivalent dose taking into account normalization of body surface area. Oxybutynin chloride showed no increase of mutagenic activity when tested in Schizosaccharomyces pompholiciformis , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , and Salmonella typhimurium test systems. Reproduction studies with oxybutynin chloride in the mouse, rat, hamster, and rabbit showed no evidence of impaired fertility."],"clinical_pharmacology":["12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action Oxybutynin relaxes bladder smooth muscle. Oxybutynin chloride exerts a direct antispasmodic effect on smooth muscle and inhibits the muscarinic action of acetylcholine on smooth muscle. No blocking effects occur at skeletal neuromuscular junctions or autonomic ganglia (antinicotinic effects). Antimuscarinic activity resides predominantly in the R-isomer. A metabolite, desethyloxybutynin, has pharmacological activity similar to that of oxybutynin in in vitro studies. 12.2 Pharmacodynamics In patients with conditions characterized by involuntary bladder contractions, cystometric studies have demonstrated that oxybutynin increases bladder (vesical) capacity, diminishes the frequency of uninhibited contractions of the detrusor muscle, and delays the initial desire to void. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics Absorption Following the first dose of oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets, oxybutynin plasma concentrations rise for 4 to 6 hours; thereafter steady concentrations are maintained for up to 24 hours, minimizing fluctuations between peak and trough concentrations associated with oxybutynin. The relative bioavailabilities of R-and S-oxybutynin from oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets are 156% and 187%, respectively, compared with oxybutynin. The mean pharmacokinetic parameters for R- and S-oxybutynin are summarized in Table 2. The plasma concentration-time profiles for R- and S-oxybutynin are similar in shape; Figure 1 shows the profile for R-oxybutynin. Table 2: Mean (SD) R- and S-Oxybutynin Pharmacokinetic Parameters Following a Single Dose of Oxybutynin Chloride Extended-release Tablets 10 mg (n = 43) Parameters (units) R-Oxybutynin S-Oxybutynin C max (ng/mL) 1 (0.6) 1.8 (1) T max (h) 12.7 (5.4) 11.8 (5.3) t 1/2 (h) 13.2 (6.2) 12.4 (6.1) AUC (0-48) (ng•h/mL) 18.4 (10.3) 34.2 (16.9) AUC inf (ng•h/mL) 21.3 (12.2) 39.5 (21.2) Steady state oxybutynin plasma concentrations are achieved by Day 3 of repeated oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets dosing, with no observed drug accumulation or change in oxybutynin and desethyloxybutynin pharmacokinetic parameters. Oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets steady state pharmacokinetics were studied in 19 children aged 5 to 15 years with detrusor overactivity associated with a neurological condition (e.g., spina bifida). The children were on oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets total daily dose ranging from 5 mg to 20 mg (0.10 to 0.77 mg/kg). Sparse sampling technique was used to obtain serum samples. When all available data are normalized to an equivalent of 5 mg per day of oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets, the mean pharmacokinetic parameters derived for R- and S-oxybutynin and R- and S-desethyloxybutynin are summarized in Table 3. The plasma-time concentration profiles for R- and S-oxybutynin are similar in shape; Figure 2 shows the profile for R-oxybutynin when all available data are normalized to an equivalent of 5 mg per day. Table 3: Mean ± SD R- and S-Oxybutynin and R- and S-Desethyloxybutynin Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Children Aged 5 to 15 Following Administration of 5 mg to 20 mg Oxybutynin Chloride Extended-release Tablets Once Daily (n = 19), All Available Data Normalized to an Equivalent of Oxybutynin Chloride Extended-release Tablets 5 mg Once Daily R-Oxybutynin S-Oxybutynin R-Desethyloxybutynin S-Desethyloxybutynin C max (ng/mL) 0.7 ± 0.4 1.3 ± 0.8 7.8 ± 3.7 4.2 ± 2.3 T max (h) 5 5 5 5 AUC (ng•h/mL) 12.8 ± 7 23.7 ± 14.4 125.1 ± 66.7 73.6 ± 47.7 Figure 1: Mean R-Oxybutynin Plasma Concentrations Following a Single Dose of Oxybutynin Chloride Extended-release Tablets 10 mg and Oxybutynin 5 mg Administered Every 8 hours (n = 23 for Each Treatme Figure 2: Mean Steady State (± SD) R-Oxybutynin Plasma Concentrations following Administration of 5 to 20 mg Oxybutynin Chloride Extended-release Tablets Once Daily in Children Aged 5 to 15. Plot Re Food Effects The rate and extent of absorption and metabolism of oxybutynin are similar under fed and fasted conditions. Distribution Oxybutynin is widely distributed in body tissues following systemic absorption. The volume of distribution is 193 L after intravenous administration of 5 mg oxybutynin chloride. Both enantiomers of oxybutynin are highly bound (> 99%) to plasma proteins. Both enantiomers of N-desethyloxybutynin are also highly bound (> 97%) to plasma proteins. The major binding protein is alpha-1 acid glycoprotein. Metabolism Oxybutynin is metabolized primarily by the cytochrome P450 enzyme systems, particularly CYP3A4 found mostly in the liver and gut wall. Its metabolic products include phenylcyclohexylglycolic acid, which is pharmacologically inactive, and desethyloxybutynin, which is pharmacologically active. Following oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets administration, plasma concentrations of R- and S-desethyloxybutynin are 73% and 92%, respectively, of concentrations observed with oxybutynin. Excretion Oxybutynin is extensively metabolized by the liver, with less than 0.1% of the administered dose excreted unchanged in the urine. Also, less than 0.1% of the administered dose is excreted as the metabolite desethyloxybutynin. Dose Proportionality Pharmacokinetic parameters of oxybutynin and desethyloxybutynin (C max and AUC) following administration of 5 mg to 20 mg of oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets are dose proportional. Use in Specific Populations Pediatric The pharmacokinetics of oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets were evaluated in 19 children aged 5 to 15 years with detrusor overactivity associated with a neurological condition (e.g., spina bifida). The pharmacokinetics of oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets in these pediatric patients were consistent with those reported for adults (see Tables 2 and 3, and Figures 1 and 2 above). Gender There are no significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of oxybutynin in healthy male and female volunteers following administration of oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets. Race Available data suggest that there are no significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of oxybutynin based on race in healthy volunteers following administration of oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets."],"clinical_pharmacology_table":["
Table 2: Mean (SD) R- and S-Oxybutynin Pharmacokinetic Parameters Following a Single Dose of Oxybutynin Chloride Extended-release Tablets 10 mg (n = 43)
Parameters (units) R-Oxybutynin S-Oxybutynin
C max (ng/mL) 1 (0.6) 1.8 (1)
T max (h) 12.7 (5.4) 11.8 (5.3)
t 1/2 (h) 13.2 (6.2) 12.4 (6.1)
AUC (0-48) (ng•h/mL) 18.4 (10.3) 34.2 (16.9)
AUC inf (ng•h/mL) 21.3 (12.2) 39.5 (21.2)
","
Table 3: Mean ± SD R- and S-Oxybutynin and R- and S-Desethyloxybutynin Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Children Aged 5 to 15 Following Administration of 5 mg to 20 mg Oxybutynin Chloride Extended-release Tablets Once Daily (n = 19), All Available Data Normalized to an Equivalent of Oxybutynin Chloride Extended-release Tablets 5 mg Once Daily
R-Oxybutynin S-Oxybutynin R-Desethyloxybutynin S-Desethyloxybutynin
C max (ng/mL) 0.7 ± 0.4 1.3 ± 0.8 7.8 ± 3.7 4.2 ± 2.3
T max (h) 5 5 5 5
AUC (ng•h/mL) 12.8 ± 7 23.7 ± 14.4 125.1 ± 66.7 73.6 ± 47.7
"],"clinical_studies":["14 CLINICAL STUDIES Oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets were evaluated for the treatment of patients with overactive bladder with symptoms of urge urinary incontinence, urgency, and frequency in three controlled efficacy studies. The majority of patients were Caucasian (89%) and female (91.9%) with a mean age of 59 years (range, 18 to 98 years). Entry criteria required that patients have urge or mixed incontinence (with a predominance of urge) as evidenced by ≥ 6 urge incontinence episodes per week and ≥ 10 micturitions per day. Study 1 was a fixed-dose escalation design, whereas the other two studies used a dose-adjustment design in which each patient’s final dose was adjusted to a balance between improvement of incontinence symptoms and tolerability of side effects. All three studies included patients known to be responsive to oxybutynin or other anticholinergic medications, and these patients were maintained on a final dose for up to 2 weeks. The efficacy results for the three controlled trials are presented in the following tables and figures. Number of Urge Incontinence Episodes per Week"],"contraindications":["4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets are contraindicated in patients with urinary retention, gastric retention and other severe decreased gastrointestinal motility conditions, uncontrolled narrow-angle glaucoma. Oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets are also contraindicated in patients who have demonstrated hypersensitivity to the drug substance or other components of the product. There have been reports of hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis and angioedema. Urinary retention ( 4 ) Gastric Retention ( 4 ) Uncontrolled narrow angle glaucoma ( 4 ) Known hypersensitivity to oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets, oxybutynin or any component of oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets. ( 4 )"],"description":["11 DESCRIPTION Oxybutynin chloride is an antispasmodic, muscarinic antagonist. Each oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablet, USP contains 5 mg, 10 mg or 15 mg of oxybutynin chloride USP, formulated as a once-a-day controlled-release tablet for oral administration. Oxybutynin chloride is administered as a racemate of R-and S-enantiomers. Chemically, oxybutynin chloride is d,l (racemic) 4-diethylamino-2-butynyl phenyl-cyclohexylglycolate hydrochloride. The molecular formula of oxybutynin chloride is C 22 H 31 NO 3 •HCl. Its structural formula is: Oxybutynin chloride, USP is a white crystalline solid with a molecular weight of 393.9. It is readily soluble in water and acids, but relatively insoluble in alkalis. Oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets also contain the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, dibasic calcium phosphate (anhydrous), hypromellose, magnesium stearate, methacrylic acid copolymer dispersion, polydextrose, polyethylene glycol, polysorbate 80, povidone, sodium hydroxide, talc, titanium dioxide, triacetin and triethyl citrate. The 5 mg tablet also contains D&C Yellow No. 10 Aluminum Lake, FD&C Blue No. 1 Aluminum Lake and FD&C Red No. 40 Aluminum Lake; and the 10 mg tablet also contains FD&C Yellow No. 6 Aluminum Lake. In addition, the imprinting ink contains black iron oxide, hypromellose and propylene glycol. Meets USP Dissolution Test 2. System Components and Performance Oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets are formulated to deliver oxybutynin chloride at a controlled rate over approximately 24 hours. The dosage form is comprised of a hydrophilic cellulose polymer matrix tablet surrounded by an enteric coating system. The enteric coat is insoluble in the low pH environment of the stomach. As the tablet passes through the stomach and enters the higher pH environment of the small intestine, the enteric coating dissolves and/or erodes to expose the polymer matrix tablet which swells and releases drug at a controlled rate via diffusion and/or erosion. Oxybutynin Chloride Structural Formula"],"dosage_and_administration":["2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets must be swallowed whole with the aid of liquids, and must not be chewed, divided, or crushed. Oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets may be administered with or without food. Oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets must be swallowed whole with the aid of liquids, and must not be chewed, divided, or crushed. Oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets may be administered with or without food. ( 2 ) Adults: Start with 5 mg or 10 mg, once daily at approximately the same time every day. Dose should not exceed 30 mg per day. ( 2.1 ) Pediatric patients (6 years of age or older): Start with 5 mg, once daily at approximately the same time every day. Dose should not exceed 20 mg per day. ( 2.2 ) 2.1 Adults The recommended starting dose of oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets is 5 mg or 10 mg once daily at approximately the same time each day. Dosage may be adjusted in 5 mg increments to achieve a balance of efficacy and tolerability (up to a maximum of 30 mg/day). In general, dosage adjustment may proceed at approximately weekly intervals. 2.2 Pediatric Patients Aged 6 Years of Age and Older The recommended starting dose of oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets is 5 mg once daily at approximately the same time each day. Dosage may be adjusted in 5 mg increments to achieve a balance of efficacy and tolerability (up to a maximum of 20 mg/day)."],"dosage_forms_and_strengths":["3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets are available as 5 mg, 10 mg and 15 mg tablets for oral use: The 5 mg tablets are light green, film-coated, round, unscored tablets with M over O 5 imprinted in black ink on one side of the tablet and blank on the other side. The 10 mg tablets are peach, film-coated, round, unscored tablets with M over O 10 imprinted in black ink on one side of the tablet and blank on the other side. The 15 mg tablets are white, film-coated, round, unscored tablets with M over O 15 imprinted in black ink on one side of the tablet and blank on the other side. Extended-release tablets 5 mg, 10 mg and 15 mg ( 3 )"],"drug_interactions":["7 DRUG INTERACTIONS The concomitant use of oxybutynin with other anticholinergic drugs or with other agents which produce dry mouth, constipation, somnolence (drowsiness), and/or other anticholinergic-like effects may increase the frequency and/or severity of such effects. Anticholinergic agents may potentially alter the absorption of some concomitantly administered drugs due to anticholinergic effects on gastrointestinal motility. This may be of concern for drugs with a narrow therapeutic index. Anticholinergic agents may also antagonize the effects of prokinetic agents, such as metoclopramide. Mean oxybutynin chloride plasma concentrations were approximately 2-fold higher when oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets were administered with ketoconazole, a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor. Other inhibitors of the cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme system, such as antimycotic agents (e.g., itraconazole and miconazole) or macrolide antibiotics (e.g., erythromycin and clarithromycin), may alter oxybutynin mean pharmacokinetic parameters (i.e., C max and AUC). The clinical relevance of such potential interactions is not known. Caution should be used when such drugs are co-administered. Co-administration with other anticholinergic drugs may increase the frequency and/or severity of anticholinergic-like effects. ( 7 ) Co-administration with strong cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole) increases the systemic exposure of oxybutynin. ( 7 )"],"effective_time":"20180524","geriatric_use":["8.5 Geriatric Use The rate and severity of anticholinergic effects reported by patients less than 65 years old and those 65 years and older were similar. The pharmacokinetics of oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets were similar in all patients studied (up to 78 years of age)."],"how_supplied":["16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING Oxybutynin Chloride Extended-release Tablets, USP are available containing 5 mg, 10 mg or 15 mg of oxybutynin chloride, USP. The 10 mg tablets are peach, film-coated, round, unscored tablets with M over O 10 imprinted in black ink on one side of the tablet and blank on the other side. They are available as follows: NDC 0378-6610-01 bottles of 100 tablets NDC 0378-6610-05 bottles of 500 tablets NDC 69189-6610-1 single dose pack with 1 tablet as repackaged by Avera McKennan Hospital 16.1 Storage Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.] Protect from moisture and humidity. Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP using a child-resistant closure."],"id":"6cfb33f3-c37d-fd7f-e053-2a91aa0a11e8","indications_and_usage":["1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Oxybutynin chloride is a muscarinic antagonist indicated for the treatment of overactive bladder with symptoms of urge urinary incontinence, urgency, and frequency. Oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets, USP are also indicated for the treatment of pediatric patients aged 6 years and older with symptoms of detrusor overactivity associated with a neurological condition (e.g., spina bifida). Oxybutynin chloride is a muscarinic antagonist indicated for the treatment of overactive bladder with symptoms of urge urinary incontinence, urgency, and frequency. ( 1 ) Oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets, USP are also indicated for the treatment of pediatric patients aged 6 years and older with symptoms of detrusor overactivity associated with a neurological condition (e.g., spina bifida). ( 1 )"],"information_for_patients":["17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION Patients should be informed that oxybutynin may produce angioedema that could result in life threatening airway obstruction. Patients should be advised to promptly discontinue oxybutynin therapy and seek immediate medical attention if they experience swelling of the tongue, edema of the laryngopharynx, or difficulty breathing. Patients should be informed that anticholinergic (antimuscarinic) agents such as oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets, may produce clinically significant adverse reactions related to anticholinergic activity such as: Urinary retention and constipation Heat prostration due to decreased sweating. Heat prostration can occur when anticholinergic medicines are administered in the presence of high environmental temperature. Patients should be informed that anticholinergic medicines such as oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets may produce drowsiness (somnolence), dizziness or blurred vision. Patients should be advised to exercise caution in decisions to engage in potentially dangerous activities until oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets effects have been determined. Patients should be informed that alcohol may enhance the drowsiness caused by anticholinergic agents such as oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets. Patients should be informed that oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets should be swallowed whole with the aid of liquids. Patients should not chew, divide, or crush tablets. Oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets should be taken at approximately the same time each day. For more information call Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc. at 1-877-446-3679 (1-877-4-INFO-RX). Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc. Morgantown, WV 26505 U.S.A. REVISED OCTOBER 2015 OXBN:R10"],"mechanism_of_action":["12.1 Mechanism of Action Oxybutynin relaxes bladder smooth muscle. Oxybutynin chloride exerts a direct antispasmodic effect on smooth muscle and inhibits the muscarinic action of acetylcholine on smooth muscle. No blocking effects occur at skeletal neuromuscular junctions or autonomic ganglia (antinicotinic effects). Antimuscarinic activity resides predominantly in the R-isomer. A metabolite, desethyloxybutynin, has pharmacological activity similar to that of oxybutynin in in vitro studies."],"nonclinical_toxicology":["13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility A 24-month study in rats at dosages of oxybutynin chloride of 20, 80, and 160 mg/kg/day showed no evidence of carcinogenicity. These doses are approximately 6, 25, and 50 times the maximum human exposure, based on a human equivalent dose taking into account normalization of body surface area. Oxybutynin chloride showed no increase of mutagenic activity when tested in Schizosaccharomyces pompholiciformis , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , and Salmonella typhimurium test systems. Reproduction studies with oxybutynin chloride in the mouse, rat, hamster, and rabbit showed no evidence of impaired fertility."],"nursing_mothers":["8.3 Nursing Mothers It is not known whether oxybutynin is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets are administered to a nursing woman."],"openfda":{},"overdosage":["10 OVERDOSAGE The continuous release of oxybutynin from oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets should be considered in the treatment of overdosage. Patients should be monitored for at least 24 hours. Treatment should be symptomatic and supportive. Activated charcoal as well as a cathartic may be administered. Overdosage with oxybutynin chloride has been associated with anticholinergic effects including central nervous system excitation, flushing, fever, dehydration, cardiac arrhythmia, vomiting, and urinary retention. Ingestion of 100 mg oxybutynin chloride in association with alcohol has been reported in a 13-year-old boy who experienced memory loss, and a 34-year-old woman who developed stupor, followed by disorientation and agitation on awakening, dilated pupils, dry skin, cardiac arrhythmia, and retention of urine. Both patients fully recovered with symptomatic treatment."],"package_label_principal_display_panel":["PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 10 mg Oxybutynin XL 10 mg tablet label"],"pediatric_use":["8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and efficacy of oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets were studied in 60 children in a 24-week, open-label, non-randomized trial. Patients were aged 6 to 15 years, all had symptoms of detrusor overactivity in association with a neurological condition (e.g., spina bifida), all used clean intermittent catheterization, and all were current users of oxybutynin chloride. Study results demonstrated that administration of oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets 5 to 20 mg/day was associated with an increase from baseline in mean urine volume per catheterization from 108 mL to 136 mL, an increase from baseline in mean urine volume after morning awakening from 148 mL to 189 mL, and an increase from baseline in the mean percentage of catheterizations without a leaking episode from 34% to 51%. Urodynamic results were consistent with clinical results. Administration of oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets resulted in an increase from baseline in mean maximum cystometric capacity from 185 mL to 254 mL, a decrease from baseline in mean detrusor pressure at maximum cystometric capacity from 44 cm H 2 O to 33 cm H 2 O, and a reduction in the percentage of patients demonstrating uninhibited detrusor contractions (of at least 15 cm H 2 O) from 60% to 28%. The pharmacokinetics of oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets in these patients were consistent with those reported for adults [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . Oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets are not recommended in pediatric patients who cannot swallow the tablet whole without chewing, dividing, or crushing, or in children under the age of 6."],"pharmacodynamics":["12.2 Pharmacodynamics In patients with conditions characterized by involuntary bladder contractions, cystometric studies have demonstrated that oxybutynin increases bladder (vesical) capacity, diminishes the frequency of uninhibited contractions of the detrusor muscle, and delays the initial desire to void."],"pharmacokinetics":["12.3 Pharmacokinetics Absorption Following the first dose of oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets, oxybutynin plasma concentrations rise for 4 to 6 hours; thereafter steady concentrations are maintained for up to 24 hours, minimizing fluctuations between peak and trough concentrations associated with oxybutynin. The relative bioavailabilities of R-and S-oxybutynin from oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets are 156% and 187%, respectively, compared with oxybutynin. The mean pharmacokinetic parameters for R- and S-oxybutynin are summarized in Table 2. The plasma concentration-time profiles for R- and S-oxybutynin are similar in shape; Figure 1 shows the profile for R-oxybutynin. Table 2: Mean (SD) R- and S-Oxybutynin Pharmacokinetic Parameters Following a Single Dose of Oxybutynin Chloride Extended-release Tablets 10 mg (n = 43) Parameters (units) R-Oxybutynin S-Oxybutynin C max (ng/mL) 1 (0.6) 1.8 (1) T max (h) 12.7 (5.4) 11.8 (5.3) t 1/2 (h) 13.2 (6.2) 12.4 (6.1) AUC (0-48) (ng•h/mL) 18.4 (10.3) 34.2 (16.9) AUC inf (ng•h/mL) 21.3 (12.2) 39.5 (21.2) Steady state oxybutynin plasma concentrations are achieved by Day 3 of repeated oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets dosing, with no observed drug accumulation or change in oxybutynin and desethyloxybutynin pharmacokinetic parameters. Oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets steady state pharmacokinetics were studied in 19 children aged 5 to 15 years with detrusor overactivity associated with a neurological condition (e.g., spina bifida). The children were on oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets total daily dose ranging from 5 mg to 20 mg (0.10 to 0.77 mg/kg). Sparse sampling technique was used to obtain serum samples. When all available data are normalized to an equivalent of 5 mg per day of oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets, the mean pharmacokinetic parameters derived for R- and S-oxybutynin and R- and S-desethyloxybutynin are summarized in Table 3. The plasma-time concentration profiles for R- and S-oxybutynin are similar in shape; Figure 2 shows the profile for R-oxybutynin when all available data are normalized to an equivalent of 5 mg per day. Table 3: Mean ± SD R- and S-Oxybutynin and R- and S-Desethyloxybutynin Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Children Aged 5 to 15 Following Administration of 5 mg to 20 mg Oxybutynin Chloride Extended-release Tablets Once Daily (n = 19), All Available Data Normalized to an Equivalent of Oxybutynin Chloride Extended-release Tablets 5 mg Once Daily R-Oxybutynin S-Oxybutynin R-Desethyloxybutynin S-Desethyloxybutynin C max (ng/mL) 0.7 ± 0.4 1.3 ± 0.8 7.8 ± 3.7 4.2 ± 2.3 T max (h) 5 5 5 5 AUC (ng•h/mL) 12.8 ± 7 23.7 ± 14.4 125.1 ± 66.7 73.6 ± 47.7 Figure 1: Mean R-Oxybutynin Plasma Concentrations Following a Single Dose of Oxybutynin Chloride Extended-release Tablets 10 mg and Oxybutynin 5 mg Administered Every 8 hours (n = 23 for Each Treatme Figure 2: Mean Steady State (± SD) R-Oxybutynin Plasma Concentrations following Administration of 5 to 20 mg Oxybutynin Chloride Extended-release Tablets Once Daily in Children Aged 5 to 15. Plot Re Food Effects The rate and extent of absorption and metabolism of oxybutynin are similar under fed and fasted conditions. Distribution Oxybutynin is widely distributed in body tissues following systemic absorption. The volume of distribution is 193 L after intravenous administration of 5 mg oxybutynin chloride. Both enantiomers of oxybutynin are highly bound (> 99%) to plasma proteins. Both enantiomers of N-desethyloxybutynin are also highly bound (> 97%) to plasma proteins. The major binding protein is alpha-1 acid glycoprotein. Metabolism Oxybutynin is metabolized primarily by the cytochrome P450 enzyme systems, particularly CYP3A4 found mostly in the liver and gut wall. Its metabolic products include phenylcyclohexylglycolic acid, which is pharmacologically inactive, and desethyloxybutynin, which is pharmacologically active. Following oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets administration, plasma concentrations of R- and S-desethyloxybutynin are 73% and 92%, respectively, of concentrations observed with oxybutynin. Excretion Oxybutynin is extensively metabolized by the liver, with less than 0.1% of the administered dose excreted unchanged in the urine. Also, less than 0.1% of the administered dose is excreted as the metabolite desethyloxybutynin. Dose Proportionality Pharmacokinetic parameters of oxybutynin and desethyloxybutynin (C max and AUC) following administration of 5 mg to 20 mg of oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets are dose proportional. Use in Specific Populations Pediatric The pharmacokinetics of oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets were evaluated in 19 children aged 5 to 15 years with detrusor overactivity associated with a neurological condition (e.g., spina bifida). The pharmacokinetics of oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets in these pediatric patients were consistent with those reported for adults (see Tables 2 and 3, and Figures 1 and 2 above). Gender There are no significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of oxybutynin in healthy male and female volunteers following administration of oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets. Race Available data suggest that there are no significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of oxybutynin based on race in healthy volunteers following administration of oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets."],"pharmacokinetics_table":["
Table 2: Mean (SD) R- and S-Oxybutynin Pharmacokinetic Parameters Following a Single Dose of Oxybutynin Chloride Extended-release Tablets 10 mg (n = 43)
Parameters (units) R-Oxybutynin S-Oxybutynin
C max (ng/mL) 1 (0.6) 1.8 (1)
T max (h) 12.7 (5.4) 11.8 (5.3)
t 1/2 (h) 13.2 (6.2) 12.4 (6.1)
AUC (0-48) (ng•h/mL) 18.4 (10.3) 34.2 (16.9)
AUC inf (ng•h/mL) 21.3 (12.2) 39.5 (21.2)
","
Table 3: Mean ± SD R- and S-Oxybutynin and R- and S-Desethyloxybutynin Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Children Aged 5 to 15 Following Administration of 5 mg to 20 mg Oxybutynin Chloride Extended-release Tablets Once Daily (n = 19), All Available Data Normalized to an Equivalent of Oxybutynin Chloride Extended-release Tablets 5 mg Once Daily
R-Oxybutynin S-Oxybutynin R-Desethyloxybutynin S-Desethyloxybutynin
C max (ng/mL) 0.7 ± 0.4 1.3 ± 0.8 7.8 ± 3.7 4.2 ± 2.3
T max (h) 5 5 5 5
AUC (ng•h/mL) 12.8 ± 7 23.7 ± 14.4 125.1 ± 66.7 73.6 ± 47.7
"],"pregnancy":["8.1 Pregnancy Teratogenic Effects. Pregnancy Category B There are no adequate and well-controlled studies using oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets in pregnant women. Oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit to the patient outweighs the risk to the patient and fetus. Women who become pregnant during oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets treatment are encouraged to contact their physician. Risk Summary Based on animal data, oxybutynin is predicted to have a low probability of increasing the risk of adverse developmental effects above background risk. Animal Data Reproduction studies with oxybutynin chloride in the mouse, rat, hamster, and rabbit showed no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the animal fetus."],"recent_major_changes":["Warnings and Precautions ( 5 ) 02/2015"],"set_id":"1e918496-9c51-49be-86f3-3726ea125875","spl_product_data_elements":["Oxybutynin Chloride oxybutynin chloride SILICON DIOXIDE CALCIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC, ANHYDROUS HYPROMELLOSES MAGNESIUM STEARATE METHACRYLIC ACID - ETHYL ACRYLATE COPOLYMER (1:1) TYPE A POLYDEXTROSE POLYETHYLENE GLYCOLS POLYSORBATE 80 POVIDONES SODIUM HYDROXIDE TALC TITANIUM DIOXIDE TRIACETIN TRIETHYL CITRATE FD&C YELLOW NO. 6 FERROSOFERRIC OXIDE PROPYLENE GLYCOL OXYBUTYNIN CHLORIDE OXYBUTYNIN peach M;O;10"],"teratogenic_effects":["Teratogenic Effects. Pregnancy Category B There are no adequate and well-controlled studies using oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets in pregnant women. Oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit to the patient outweighs the risk to the patient and fetus. Women who become pregnant during oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets treatment are encouraged to contact their physician."],"use_in_specific_populations":["8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS Pediatric Use: Oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets are not recommended in pediatric patients who cannot swallow the tablet whole without chewing, dividing or crushing, or in children under the age of 6 years. ( 8.4 ) Renal or Hepatic Impairment: There have been no studies conducted in patients with renal or hepatic impairment. ( 8.6 , 8.7 ) 8.1 Pregnancy Teratogenic Effects. Pregnancy Category B There are no adequate and well-controlled studies using oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets in pregnant women. Oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit to the patient outweighs the risk to the patient and fetus. Women who become pregnant during oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets treatment are encouraged to contact their physician. Risk Summary Based on animal data, oxybutynin is predicted to have a low probability of increasing the risk of adverse developmental effects above background risk. Animal Data Reproduction studies with oxybutynin chloride in the mouse, rat, hamster, and rabbit showed no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the animal fetus. 8.3 Nursing Mothers It is not known whether oxybutynin is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets are administered to a nursing woman. 8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and efficacy of oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets were studied in 60 children in a 24-week, open-label, non-randomized trial. Patients were aged 6 to 15 years, all had symptoms of detrusor overactivity in association with a neurological condition (e.g., spina bifida), all used clean intermittent catheterization, and all were current users of oxybutynin chloride. Study results demonstrated that administration of oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets 5 to 20 mg/day was associated with an increase from baseline in mean urine volume per catheterization from 108 mL to 136 mL, an increase from baseline in mean urine volume after morning awakening from 148 mL to 189 mL, and an increase from baseline in the mean percentage of catheterizations without a leaking episode from 34% to 51%. Urodynamic results were consistent with clinical results. Administration of oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets resulted in an increase from baseline in mean maximum cystometric capacity from 185 mL to 254 mL, a decrease from baseline in mean detrusor pressure at maximum cystometric capacity from 44 cm H 2 O to 33 cm H 2 O, and a reduction in the percentage of patients demonstrating uninhibited detrusor contractions (of at least 15 cm H 2 O) from 60% to 28%. The pharmacokinetics of oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets in these patients were consistent with those reported for adults [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . Oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets are not recommended in pediatric patients who cannot swallow the tablet whole without chewing, dividing, or crushing, or in children under the age of 6. 8.5 Geriatric Use The rate and severity of anticholinergic effects reported by patients less than 65 years old and those 65 years and older were similar. The pharmacokinetics of oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets were similar in all patients studied (up to 78 years of age). 8.6 Renal Impairment There were no studies conducted with oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets in patients with renal impairment. 8.7 Hepatic Impairment There were no studies conducted with oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets in patients with hepatic impairment.","Use in Specific Populations Pediatric The pharmacokinetics of oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets were evaluated in 19 children aged 5 to 15 years with detrusor overactivity associated with a neurological condition (e.g., spina bifida). The pharmacokinetics of oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets in these pediatric patients were consistent with those reported for adults (see Tables 2 and 3, and Figures 1 and 2 above). Gender There are no significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of oxybutynin in healthy male and female volunteers following administration of oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets. Race Available data suggest that there are no significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of oxybutynin based on race in healthy volunteers following administration of oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets."],"version":"3","warnings_and_cautions":["5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Angioedema: Angioedema has been reported with oxybutynin. If symptoms of angioedema occur, discontinue oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets immediately and initiate appropriate therapy. ( 5.1 ) Central Nervous System (CNS) effects: CNS effects have been reported with oxybutynin. If patient experiences anticholinergic CNS effects, consider dose adjustment or discontinuation of oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets. ( 5.2 ) Use with caution due to aggravation of symptoms: Pre-existing dementia in patients treated with cholinesterase inhibitors ( 5.2 ); Parkinson’s disease ( 5.2 ); Myasthenia gravis ( 5.3 ); and Decreased gastrointestinal motility in patients with autonomic neuropathy ( 5.4 ). Urinary Retention: Use with caution in patients with clinically significant bladder outflow obstruction because of the risk of urinary retention. ( 5.5 ) Gastrointestinal Adverse Reactions: Use with caution in patients with gastrointestinal obstructive disorders or decreased intestinal motility due to risk of gastric retention. Use with caution in patients with gastroesophageal reflux or in patients concurrently taking drugs that can exacerbate esophagitis. ( 5.6 ) 5.1 Angioedema Angioedema of the face, lips, tongue and/or larynx has been reported with oxybutynin. In some cases, angioedema occurred after the first dose. Angioedema associated with upper airway swelling may be life-threatening. If involvement of the tongue, hypopharynx, or larynx occurs, oxybutynin should be promptly discontinued and appropriate therapy and/or measures necessary to ensure a patent airway should be promptly provided. 5.2 Central Nervous System Effects Oxybutynin is associated with anticholinergic central nervous system (CNS) effects . A variety of CNS anticholinergic effects have been reported, including hallucinations, agitation, confusion and somnolence. Patients should be monitored for signs of anticholinergic CNS effects, particularly in the first few months after beginning treatment or increasing the dose. Advise patients not to drive or operate heavy machinery until they know how oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets affect them. If a patient experiences anticholinergic CNS effects, dose reduction or drug discontinuation should be considered. Oxybutynin is associated with anticholinergic central nervous system (CNS) effects [see Adverse Reactions (6) ] . A variety of CNS anticholinergic effects have been reported, including hallucinations, agitation, confusion and somnolence. Patients should be monitored for signs of anticholinergic CNS effects, particularly in the first few months after beginning treatment or increasing the dose. Advise patients not to drive or operate heavy machinery until they know how oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets affect them. If a patient experiences anticholinergic CNS effects, dose reduction or drug discontinuation should be considered. Oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets should be used with caution in patients with preexisting dementia treated with cholinesterase inhibitors due to the risk of aggravation of symptoms.Oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets should be used with caution in patients with preexisting dementia treated with cholinesterase inhibitors due to the risk of aggravation of symptoms. Oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets should be used with caution in patients with Parkinson’s disease due to the risk of aggravation of symptoms. 5.3 Worsening of Symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis Oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets should be used with caution in patients with myasthenia gravis due to the risk of aggravation of symptoms. 5.4 Worsening of Symptoms of Decreased Gastrointestinal Motility in Patients with Autonomic Neuropathy Oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets should be used with caution in patients with autonomic neuropathy due to the risk of aggravation of symptoms of decreased gastrointestinal motility. 5.5 Urinary Retention Oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets should be administered with caution to patients with clinically significant bladder outflow obstruction because of the risk of urinary retention [see Contraindications (4) ] . 5.6 Gastrointestinal Adverse Reactions Oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets should be administered with caution to patients with gastrointestinal obstructive disorders because of the risk of gastric retention [see Contraindications (4) ] . Oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets, like other anticholinergic drugs, may decrease gastrointestinal motility and should be used with caution in patients with conditions such as ulcerative colitis and intestinal atony. Oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets should be used with caution in patients who have gastroesophageal reflux and/or who are concurrently taking drugs (such as bisphosphonates) that can cause or exacerbate esophagitis. As with any other nondeformable material, caution should be used when administering oxybutynin chloride extended-release tablets to patients with preexisting severe gastrointestinal narrowing (pathologic or iatrogenic). There have been rare reports of obstructive symptoms in patients with known strictures in association with the ingestion of other drugs in nondeformable controlled-release formulations."]}