{"adverse_reactions":["ADVERSE REACTIONS Ethambutol hydrochloride may produce decreases in visual acuity, including irreversible blindness, which appear to be due to optic neuritis. Optic neuropathy including optic neuritis or retrobulbar neuritis occurring in association with ethambutol hydrochloride therapy may be characterized by one or more of the following events: decreased visual acuity, scotoma, color blindness, and/or visual defect. These events have also been reported in the absence of a diagnosis of optic or retrobulbar neuritis. Patients should be advised to report promptly to their physician any change of visual acuity. The change in visual acuity may be unilateral or bilateral and hence each eye must be tested separately and both eyes tested together. Testing of visual acuity should be performed before beginning ethambutol hydrochloride therapy and periodically during drug administration, except that it should be done monthly when a patient is on a dosage of more than 15 mg per kilogram per day. Snellen eye charts are recommended for testing of visual acuity. Studies have shown that there are definite fluctuations of one or two lines of the Snellen chart in the visual acuity of many tuberculous patients not receiving ethambutol hydrochloride. The following table may be useful in interpreting possible changes in visual acuity attributable to ethambutol hydrochloride. Initial Snellen Reading Reading Indicating Significant Decreases Significant Number of Lines Decrease Number of Points 20/13 20/25 3 12 20/15 20/25 2 10 20/20 20/30 2 10 20/25 20/40 2 15 20/30 20/50 2 20 20/40 20/70 2 30 20/50 20/70 1 20 In general, changes in visual acuity less than those indicated under \"Significant Number of Lines\" and \"Decrease Number of Points,\" may be due to chance variation, limitations of the testing method, or physiologic variability. Conversely, changes in visual acuity equaling or exceeding those under \"Significant Number of Lines\" and \"Decrease Number of Points\" indicate need for retesting and careful evaluation of the patient's visual status. If careful evaluation confirms the magnitude of visual change and fails to reveal another cause, ethambutol hydrochloride should be discontinued and the patient reevaluated at frequent intervals. Progressive decreases in visual acuity during therapy must be considered to be due to ethambutol hydrochloride. If corrective glasses are used prior to treatment, these must be worn during visual acuity testing. During 1 to 2 years of therapy, a refractive error may develop which must be corrected in order to obtain accurate test results. Testing the visual acuity through a pinhole eliminates refractive error. Patients developing visual abnormality during ethambutol hydrochloride treatment may show subjective visual symptoms before, or simultaneously with, the demonstration of decreases in visual acuity, and all patients receiving ethambutol hydrochloride should be questioned periodically about blurred vision and other subjective eye symptoms. Recovery of visual acuity generally occurs over a period of weeks to months after the drug has been discontinued. Some patients have received ethambutol hydrochloride again after such recovery without recurrence of loss of visual acuity. Other adverse reactions reported include: hypersensitivity, anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reaction, dermatitis, erythema multiforme, pruritus, and joint pain; anorexia, nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal upset, and abdominal pain; fever, malaise, headache, and dizziness; mental confusion, disorientation, and possible hallucinations; thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and neutropenia. Numbness and tingling of the extremities due to peripheral neuritis have been reported infrequently. Elevated serum uric acid levels occur and precipitation of acute gout has been reported. Pulmonary infiltrates, with or without eosinophilia, also have been reported during ethambutol hydrochloride therapy. Liver toxicities, including fatalities, have been reported. (See WARNINGS .) Since ethambutol hydrochloride is recommended for therapy in conjunction with one or more other antituberculous drugs, these changes may be related to the concurrent therapy. Hypersensitivity syndrome consisting of cutaneous reaction (such as rash or exfoliative dermatitis), eosinophilia, and one or more of the following: hepatitis, pneumonitis, nephritis, myocarditis, pericarditis. Fever and lymphadenopathy may be present."],"adverse_reactions_table":["
InitialSnellenReading ReadingIndicatingSignificant Decreases SignificantNumberof Lines DecreaseNumberof Points
20/13 20/25 3 12
20/15 20/25 2 10
20/20 20/30 2 10
20/25 20/40 2 15
20/30 20/50 2 20
20/40 20/70 2 30
20/50 20/70 1 20
"],"animal_pharmacology_and_or_toxicology":["ANIMAL PHARMACOLOGY Toxicological studies in dogs on high prolonged doses produced evidence of myocardial damage and failure, and depigmentation of the tapetum lucidum of the eyes, the significance of which is not known. Degenerative changes in the central nervous system, apparently not dose-related, have also been noted in dogs receiving ethambutol hydrochloride over a prolonged period. In the rhesus monkey, neurological signs appeared after treatment with high doses given daily over a period of several months. These were correlated with specific serum levels of ethambutol and with definite neuroanatomical changes in the central nervous system. Focal interstitial carditis was also noted in monkeys which received ethambutol hydrochloride in high doses for a prolonged period."],"clinical_pharmacology":["CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Ethambutol hydrochloride, following a single oral dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight, attains a peak of 2 to 5 mcg/mL in serum 2 to 4 hours after administration. When the drug is administered daily for longer periods of time at this dose, serum levels are similar. The serum level of ethambutol hydrochloride falls to undetectable levels by 24 hours after the last dose except in some patients with abnormal renal function. The intracellular concentrations of erythrocytes reach peak values approximately twice those of plasma and maintain this ratio throughout the 24 hours. During the 24-hour period following oral administration of ethambutol hydrochloride approximately 50 percent of the initial dose is excreted unchanged in the urine, while an additional 8 to 15 percent appears in the form of metabolites. The main path of metabolism appears to be an initial oxidation of the alcohol to an aldehydic intermediate, followed by conversion to a dicarboxylic acid. From 20 to 22 percent of the initial dose is excreted in the feces as unchanged drug. No drug accumulation has been observed with consecutive single daily doses of 25 mg/kg in patients with normal kidney function, although marked accumulation has been demonstrated in patients with renal insufficiency. Ethambutol hydrochloride diffuses into actively growing Mycobacterium cells such as tubercle bacilli. Ethambutol hydrochloride appears to inhibit the synthesis of one or more metabolites, thus causing impairment of cell metabolism, arrest of multiplication, and cell death. No cross resistance with other available antimycobacterial agents has been demonstrated. Ethambutol hydrochloride has been shown to be effective against strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis but does not seem to be active against fungi, viruses, or other bacteria. Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains previously unexposed to ethambutol hydrochloride have been uniformly sensitive to concentrations of 8 or less mcg/mL, depending on the nature of the culture media. When ethambutol hydrochloride has been used alone for treatment of tuberculosis, tubercle bacilli from these patients have developed resistance to ethambutol hydrochloride by in vitro susceptibilty tests; the development of resistance has been unpredictable and appears to occur in a step-like manner. No cross resistance between ethambutol hydrochloride and other antituberculous drugs has been reported. Ethambutol hydrochloride has reduced the incidence of the emergence of mycobacterial resistance to isoniazid when both drugs have been used concurrently. An agar diffusion microbiologic assay, based upon inhibition of Mycobacterium smegmatis (ATCC 607) may be used to determine concentrations of ethambutol hydrochloride in serum and urine."],"contraindications":["CONTRAINDICATIONS Ethambutol hydrochloride is contraindicated in patients who are known to be hypersensitive to this drug. It is also contraindicated in patients with known optic neuritis unless clinical judgment determines that it may be used. Ethambutol hydrochloride is contraindicated in patients who are unable to appreciate and report visual side effects or changes in vision (e.g., young children, unconscious patients)."],"description":["DESCRIPTION Ethambutol hydrochloride, USP is an oral chemotherapeutic agent which is specifically effective against actively growing microorganisms of the genus Mycobacterium , including M. tuberculosis . It is a white, crystalline powder. Freely soluble in water; soluble in alcohol and in methanol; slightly soluble in ether and in chloroform. It has the chemical formula of: (+)- 2,2’ (Ethylenediimino)-di-1-butanol dihydrochloride. The structural formula is as follows: C 10 H 24 N 2 O 2 ·2HCl M.W. 277.23 Each tablet, for oral administration, contains 400 mg of ethambutol hydrochloride, USP. In addition, each tablet contains the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, compressible sugar, gelatin, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, magnesium stearate, methylcellulose, polydextrose, polyethylene glycol, sodium lauryl sulfate, stearic acid, titanium dioxide, and triacetin. Ethambutol Hydrochloride Structural Formula"],"dosage_and_administration":["DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Ethambutol hydrochloride should not be used alone, in initial treatment or in retreatment. Ethambutol hydrochloride should be administered on a once every 24-hour basis only. Absorption is not significantly altered by administration with food. Therapy, in general, should be continued until bacteriological conversion has become permanent and maximal clinical improvement has occurred. Ethambutol hydrochloride is not recommended for use in pediatric patients under thirteen years of age since safe conditions for use have not been established. Initial Treatment In patients who have not received previous antituberculous therapy, administer ethambutol hydrochloride 15 mg/kg (7 mg/lb) of body weight, as a single oral dose once every 24 hours. In the more recent studies, isoniazid has been administered concurrently in a single, daily, oral dose. Retreatment In patients who have received previous antituberculous therapy, administer ethambutol hydrochloride 25 mg/kg (11 mg/lb) of body weight, as a single oral dose once every 24 hours. Concurrently administer at least one other antituberculous drug to which the organisms have been demonstrated to be susceptible by appropriate in vitro tests. Suitable drugs usually consist of those not previously used in the treatment of the patient. After 60 days of ethambutol hydrochloride administration, decrease the dose to 15 mg/kg (7 mg/lb) of body weight, and administer as a single oral dose once every 24 hours. During the period when a patient is on a daily dose of 25 mg/kg, monthly eye examinations are advised. See Table for easy selection of proper weight-dose tablet(s). Weight-Dose Table 15 mg/kg (7 mg/lb) Schedule Weight Range Daily Dose Pounds Kilograms In mg Under 85 lbs Under 37 kg 500 85 to 94.5 37 to 43 600 95 to 109.5 43 to 50 700 110 to 124.5 50 to 57 800 125 to 139.5 57 to 64 900 140 to 154.5 64 to 71 1000 155 to 169.5 71 to 79 1100 170 to 184.5 79 to 84 1200 185 to 199.5 84 to 90 1300 200 to 214.5 90 to 97 1400 215 and Over Over 97 1500 25 mg/kg (11 mg/lb) Schedule Under 85 lbs Under 38 kg 900 85 to 92.5 38 to 42 1000 93 to 101.5 42 to 45.5 1100 102 to 109.5 45.5 to 50 1200 110 to 118.5 50 to 54 1300 119 to128.5 54 to 58 1400 129 to 136.5 58 to 62 1500 137 to 146.5 62 to 67 1600 147 to 155.5 67 to 71 1700 156 to 164.5 71 to 75 1800 165 to 173.5 75 to 79 1900 174 to 182.5 79 to 83 2000 183 to 191.5 83 to 87 2100 192 to 199.5 87 to 91 2200 200 to 209.5 91 to 95 2300 210 to 218.5 95 to 99 2400 219 and Over Over 99 2500"],"dosage_and_administration_table":["
Weight-Dose Table
15 mg/kg (7 mg/lb) Schedule
Weight Range Daily Dose
Pounds Kilograms In mg
Under 85 lbs Under 37 kg 500
85 to 94.5 37 to 43 600
95 to 109.5 43 to 50 700
110 to 124.5 50 to 57 800
125 to 139.5 57 to 64 900
140 to 154.5 64 to 71 1000
155 to 169.5 71 to 79 1100
170 to 184.5 79 to 84 1200
185 to 199.5 84 to 90 1300
200 to 214.5 90 to 97 1400
215 and Over Over 97 1500
25 mg/kg (11 mg/lb) Schedule
Under 85 lbs Under 38 kg 900
85 to 92.5 38 to 42 1000
93 to 101.5 42 to 45.5 1100
102 to 109.5 45.5 to 50 1200
110 to 118.5 50 to 54 1300
119 to128.5 54 to 58 1400
129 to 136.5 58 to 62 1500
137 to 146.5 62 to 67 1600
147 to 155.5 67 to 71 1700
156 to 164.5 71 to 75 1800
165 to 173.5 75 to 79 1900
174 to 182.5 79 to 83 2000
183 to 191.5 83 to 87 2100
192 to 199.5 87 to 91 2200
200 to 209.5 91 to 95 2300
210 to 218.5 95 to 99 2400
219 and Over Over 99 2500
"],"drug_interactions":["Drug Interactions The results of a study of coadministration of ethambutol hydrochloride (50 mg/kg) with an aluminum hydroxide containing antacid to 13 patients with tuberculosis showed a reduction of mean serum concentrations and urinary excretion of ethambutol of approximately 20% and 13%, respectively, suggesting that the oral absorption of ethambutol may be reduced by these antacid products. It is recommended to avoid concurrent administration of ethambutol with aluminum hydroxide containing antacids for at least 4 hours following ethambutol administration."],"effective_time":"20210412","geriatric_use":["Geriatric Use There are limited data on the use of ethambutol hydrochloride in the elderly. One study of 101 patients, 65 years and older, on multiple drug antituberculosis regimens included 94 patients on ethambutol hydrochloride. No differences in safety or tolerability were observed in these patients compared with that reported in adults in general. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out."],"how_supplied":["HOW SUPPLIED Ethambutol Hydrochloride Tablets USP are available as: 400 mg: White, oval-shaped, film-coated, scored, biconvex tablet. Debossed with stylized b on one side and 923/400on the scored side. Available in NDC: 70518-0751-00 30 in 1 BLISTER PACK Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. KEEP THIS AND ALL MEDICATIONS OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. TEVA PHARMACEUTICALS USA, INC. North Wales, PA 19454 Rev. A 11/2015 Repackaged and Distributed By: Remedy Repack, Inc. 625 Kolter Dr. Suite #4 Indiana, PA 1-724-465-8762"],"id":"bfcbeee2-ef4d-b504-e053-2995a90a7841","indications_and_usage":["INDICATIONS Ethambutol Hydrochloride Tablets USP are indicated for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. It should not be used as the sole antituberculous drug, but should be used in conjunction with at least one other antituberculous drug. Selection of the companion drug should be based on clinical experience, considerations of comparative safety, and appropriate in vitro susceptibility studies. In patients who have not received previous antituberculous therapy, i.e., initial treatment, the most frequently used regimens have been the following: Ethambutol Hydrochloride Tablets USP plus isoniazid Ethambutol Hydrochloride Tablets USP plus isoniazid plus streptomycin. In patients who have received previous antituberculous therapy, mycobacterial resistance to other drugs used in initial therapy is frequent. Consequently, in such retreatment patients, Ethambutol Hydrochloride Tablets USP should be combined with at least one of the second line drugs not previously administered to the patient and to which bacterial susceptibility has been indicated by appropriate in vitro studies. Antituberculous drugs used with Ethambutol Hydrochloride Tablets USP have included cycloserine, ethionamide, pyrazinamide, viomycin, and other drugs. Isoniazid, aminosalicylic acid, and streptomycin have also been used in multiple drug regimens. Alternating drug regimens have also been utilized."],"nursing_mothers":["Nursing Mothers Ethambutol hydrochloride is excreted into breast milk. The use of ethambutol hydrochloride should be considered only if the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the infant."],"openfda":{},"package_label_principal_display_panel":["DRUG: Ethambutol Hydrochloride GENERIC: Ethambutol Hydrochloride DOSAGE: TABLET, FILM COATED ADMINSTRATION: ORAL NDC: 70518-0751-0 COLOR: white SHAPE: OVAL SCORE: Two even pieces SIZE: 15 mm IMPRINT: b;923;400 PACKAGING: 30 in 1 BLISTER PACK ACTIVE INGREDIENT(S): ETHAMBUTOL HYDROCHLORIDE 400mg in 1 INACTIVE INGREDIENT(S): MAGNESIUM STEARATE POLYDEXTROSE POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 8000 METHYLCELLULOSE (15 CPS) SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE STEARIC ACID TITANIUM DIOXIDE SILICON DIOXIDE GELATIN MALTODEXTRIN SUCROSE HYPROMELLOSE 2910 (50 MPA.S) HYPROMELLOSE 2910 (3 MPA.S) HYPROMELLOSE 2910 (6 MPA.S) TRIACETIN Remedy_Label"],"pediatric_use":["Pediatric Use Ethambutol hydrochloride is not recommended for use in pediatric patients under thirteen years of age since safe conditions for use have not been established."],"precautions":["PRECAUTIONS Ethambutol hydrochloride is not recommended for use in pediatric patients under thirteen years of age since safe conditions for use have not been established. Patients with decreased renal function need the dosage reduced as determined by serum levels of ethambutol hydrochloride, since the main path of excretion of this drug is by the kidneys. Because this drug may have adverse effects on vision, physical examination should include ophthalmoscopy, finger perimetry and testing of color discrimination. In patients with visual defects such as cataracts, recurrent inflammatory conditions of the eye, optic neuritis, and diabetic retinopathy, the evaluation of changes in visual acuity is more difficult, and care should be taken to be sure the variations in vision are not due to the underlying disease conditions. In such patients, consideration should be given to relationship between benefits expected and possible visual deterioration since evaluation of visual changes is difficult. (For recommended procedures, see next paragraphs under ADVERSE REACTIONS .) As with any potent drug, baseline and periodic assessment of organ system functions, including renal, hepatic, and hematopoietic, should be performed. Drug Interactions The results of a study of coadministration of ethambutol hydrochloride (50 mg/kg) with an aluminum hydroxide containing antacid to 13 patients with tuberculosis showed a reduction of mean serum concentrations and urinary excretion of ethambutol of approximately 20% and 13%, respectively, suggesting that the oral absorption of ethambutol may be reduced by these antacid products. It is recommended to avoid concurrent administration of ethambutol with aluminum hydroxide containing antacids for at least 4 hours following ethambutol administration. Pregnancy Teratogenic Effects Pregnancy Category C There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. There are reports of ophthalmic abnormalities occurring in infants born to women on antituberculous therapy that included ethambutol hydrochloride. Ethambutol hydrochloride should be used during pregnancy only if the benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Ethambutol hydrochloride has been shown to be teratogenic in pregnant mice and rabbits when given in high doses. When pregnant mice or rabbits were treated with high doses of ethambutol hydrochloride, fetal mortality was slightly but not significantly (P>0.05) increased. Female rats treated with ethambutol hydrochloride displayed slight but insignificant (P>0.05) decreases in fertility and litter size. In fetuses born of mice treated with high doses of ethambutol hydrochloride during pregnancy, a low incidence of cleft palate, exencephaly and abnormality of the vertebral column were observed. Minor abnormalities of the cervical vertebra were seen in the newborn of rats treated with high doses of ethambutol hydrochloride during pregnancy. Rabbits receiving high doses of ethambutol hydrochloride during pregnancy gave birth to two fetuses with monophthalmia, one with a shortened right forearm accompanied by bilateral wrist-joint contracture and one with hare lip and cleft palate. Nursing Mothers Ethambutol hydrochloride is excreted into breast milk. The use of ethambutol hydrochloride should be considered only if the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the infant. Pediatric Use Ethambutol hydrochloride is not recommended for use in pediatric patients under thirteen years of age since safe conditions for use have not been established. Geriatric Use There are limited data on the use of ethambutol hydrochloride in the elderly. One study of 101 patients, 65 years and older, on multiple drug antituberculosis regimens included 94 patients on ethambutol hydrochloride. No differences in safety or tolerability were observed in these patients compared with that reported in adults in general. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out."],"pregnancy":["Pregnancy Teratogenic Effects Pregnancy Category C There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. There are reports of ophthalmic abnormalities occurring in infants born to women on antituberculous therapy that included ethambutol hydrochloride. Ethambutol hydrochloride should be used during pregnancy only if the benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Ethambutol hydrochloride has been shown to be teratogenic in pregnant mice and rabbits when given in high doses. When pregnant mice or rabbits were treated with high doses of ethambutol hydrochloride, fetal mortality was slightly but not significantly (P>0.05) increased. Female rats treated with ethambutol hydrochloride displayed slight but insignificant (P>0.05) decreases in fertility and litter size. In fetuses born of mice treated with high doses of ethambutol hydrochloride during pregnancy, a low incidence of cleft palate, exencephaly and abnormality of the vertebral column were observed. Minor abnormalities of the cervical vertebra were seen in the newborn of rats treated with high doses of ethambutol hydrochloride during pregnancy. Rabbits receiving high doses of ethambutol hydrochloride during pregnancy gave birth to two fetuses with monophthalmia, one with a shortened right forearm accompanied by bilateral wrist-joint contracture and one with hare lip and cleft palate."],"set_id":"2a5ddf74-6b97-44f9-a1a1-1d586b1d8c36","spl_product_data_elements":["Ethambutol Hydrochloride Ethambutol Hydrochloride TITANIUM DIOXIDE TRIACETIN ETHAMBUTOL HYDROCHLORIDE ETHAMBUTOL SILICON DIOXIDE SUCROSE MALTODEXTRIN GELATIN HYPROMELLOSE 2910 (3 MPA.S) HYPROMELLOSE 2910 (6 MPA.S) HYPROMELLOSE 2910 (50 MPA.S) MAGNESIUM STEARATE METHYLCELLULOSE (15 CPS) POLYDEXTROSE POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 8000 SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE STEARIC ACID b;923;400"],"spl_unclassified_section":["0923 Rx only"],"teratogenic_effects":["Teratogenic Effects Pregnancy Category C There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. There are reports of ophthalmic abnormalities occurring in infants born to women on antituberculous therapy that included ethambutol hydrochloride. Ethambutol hydrochloride should be used during pregnancy only if the benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Ethambutol hydrochloride has been shown to be teratogenic in pregnant mice and rabbits when given in high doses. When pregnant mice or rabbits were treated with high doses of ethambutol hydrochloride, fetal mortality was slightly but not significantly (P>0.05) increased. Female rats treated with ethambutol hydrochloride displayed slight but insignificant (P>0.05) decreases in fertility and litter size. In fetuses born of mice treated with high doses of ethambutol hydrochloride during pregnancy, a low incidence of cleft palate, exencephaly and abnormality of the vertebral column were observed. Minor abnormalities of the cervical vertebra were seen in the newborn of rats treated with high doses of ethambutol hydrochloride during pregnancy. Rabbits receiving high doses of ethambutol hydrochloride during pregnancy gave birth to two fetuses with monophthalmia, one with a shortened right forearm accompanied by bilateral wrist-joint contracture and one with hare lip and cleft palate."],"version":"5","warnings":["WARNINGS Ethambutol hydrochloride may produce decreases in visual acuity which appear to be due to optic neuritis. This effect may be related to dose and duration of treatment. This effect is generally reversible when administration of the drug is discontinued promptly. However, irreversible blindness has been reported. (See PRECAUTIONS and ADVERSE REACTIONS )."]}