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Patient 1
TE LDL-APHERESIS (LDL-A) WITH LIPOSORBER LA-15 SYSTEM WAS APPLIED TO THE PATIENT (PT) FOR THE TREATMENT OF HIS ARTERIO SCLEROSIS OBLITERANS (ASO). HE HAS DEVELOPED CHOLESTEROL CRYSTAL EMBOLIZATION (CCE) AFTER RECEIVING A PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION (PCI). HE REC'D THE FIRST LDL-A ON (B)(6) (10 DAYS AGO), AND IT WAS HIS SECOND TREATMENT WITH THE LDL-A. HE ALSO DEVELOPED DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION SYNDROME (DIC) DEVELOPED, AND A GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING WAS OBSERVED ON THE DAY OF THE LDL-A. ON THE DAY OF THE EVENT, HE REC'D FIRST A CONTINUOUS HEMODIAFILTRATION (CHDF) FOLLOWED BY THE LDL-A IN ICU. AT THE START OF THE LDL-A PROCEDURE, HE HAD ALREADY A DIFFICULTY TO BREATH NORMALLY WITH MANDIBULAR-BREATHING, EDEMA OF THE WHOLE BODY, LOWER LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS, AND THE BLOOD PRESSURE (BP) WAS 90MMHG. HIS BP FURTHER DROPPED DURING THE LDL-A, AND HE DEVELOPED A VERY SEVERE HYPOTENSION TO BECOME UNCONSCIOUS, AND CARDIOPULMONARY ARREST AT AROUND ONE (1) HOUR AFTER STARTING THE PROCEDURE. THE LDL-A WAS IMMEDIATELY TERMINATED, CARDIAC COMPRESSION WAS PERFORMED, ADRENALIN WAS GIVEN BY INTRACARDIAC INJECTION, AND CARDIAC COMPRESSION WAS CONTINUED, BUT THE PATIENT DIED. THE TIME COURSE OF THE LDL-A ON THAT DAY WAS AS FOLLOWS: 11:15 (AM), THE LDL-A WAS INITIATED WITH THE OPERATING CONDITIONS OF THE BLOOD FLOW RATE (QB) WITH 70ML/MIN AND A PLASMA FILTRATION RATIO (QF) OF 20% (14ML/MIN). THE PATIENT'S BP WAS 90MMHG, 11:40, HIS BP DROPPED TO 60MMHG FROM 70MMHG AND QB WAS REDUCED TO 60ML/MIN., AT AROUND 500ML OF PROCESSING PLASMA VOLUME, 11:50, NO SIGN OF HIS BP'S GOING UP WAS SEEN, 12:00, QB WAS FURTHER REDUCED TO 50ML/MIN., AT AROUND 800ML OF PROCESSING PLASMA VOLUME, 12:10, HIS BP DROPPED TO 30-40MMHG AND THE OPERATING NURSE CALLED THE DOCTOR FOR THE TERMINATION OF THE TREATMENT. AT 12:15, THE NURSE STOPPED THE PUMPS OF THE APHERESIS MACHINE AND INTENDED TO RETURN THE BLOOD AND THE PLASMA TO THE PATIENT; HOWEVER, THE PATIENT'S CONDITION SUDDENLY DETERIORATED TO BECOME UNCONSCIOUS WITH CARDIAC ARREST AND PERFORMED CARDIAC COMPRESSION. ADRENALINE WAS GIVEN BY INTRACARDIAC INJECTION AND CARDIAC COMPRESSION WAS CONTINUED; HOWEVER, PATIENT DIED.