In vitro diagnostic test intended as a risk assessment test for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) in patients with chronic liver diseases (cld). Elevated afpl3% values (= 10%) have been shown to be associated with a nine-fold increase in the risk of developing hcc in the next 6-12 months. Patients with elevated serum afpl3% should be more intensely evaluated for evidence of hcc according to the existing hcc practice guidelines in oncology.