IMATINIB MESYLATE tablet, film coated

imatinib mesylate by

Drug Labeling and Warnings

imatinib mesylate by is a Prescription medication manufactured, distributed, or labeled by Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc., Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited. Drug facts, warnings, and ingredients follow.

Drug Details [pdf]

  • 1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

    1.1 Newly Diagnosed Philadelphia Positive Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (Ph+ CML)

    Newly diagnosed adult and pediatric patients with Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myeloid leukemia (Ph+ CML) in chronic phase.

    1.2 Ph+ CML in Blast Crisis (BC), Accelerated Phase (AP) or Chronic Phase (CP) After Interferon-alpha (IFN) Therapy

    Patients with Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis, accelerated phase, or in chronic phase after failure of interferon-alpha therapy.

    1.3 Adult patients with Ph+ Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

    Adult patients with relapsed or refractory Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL).

    1.5 Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Diseases (MDS/MPD)

    Adult patients with myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative diseases associated with PDGFR (platelet-derived growth factor receptor) gene re-arrangements as determined with an FDA-approved test [see Dosage and Administration (2.6)].

    1.6 Aggressive Systemic Mastocytosis (ASM)

    Adult patients with aggressive systemic mastocytosis without the D816V c-Kit mutation as determined with an FDA-approved test [see Dosage and Administration (2.7)] or with c-Kit mutational status unknown.

    1.7 Hypereosinophilic Syndrome (HES) and/or Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia (CEL)

    Adult patients with hypereosinophilic syndrome and/or chronic eosinophilic leukemia who have the FIP1L1­-PDGFRα fusion kinase (mutational analysis or FISH demonstration of CHIC2 allele deletion) and for patients with HES and/or CEL who are FIP1L1-PDGFRα fusion kinase negative or unknown.

    1.8 Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans (DFSP)

    Adult patients with unresectable, recurrent and/or metastatic dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.

  • 2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

    2.1 Drug Administration

    The prescribed dose should be administered orally, with a meal and a large glass of water. Doses of 400 mg or 600 mg should be administered once daily, whereas a dose of 800 mg should be administered as 400 mg twice a day.

    For patients unable to swallow the film-coated tablets, the tablets may be dispersed in a glass of water or apple juice. The required number of tablets should be placed in the appropriate volume of beverage (approximately 50 mL for a 100 mg tablet, and 200 mL for a 400 mg tablet) and stirred with a spoon. The suspension should be administered immediately after complete disintegration of the tablet(s).

    For daily dosing of 800 mg and above, dosing should be accomplished using the 400 mg tablet to reduce exposure to iron.

    Treatment may be continued as long as there is no evidence of progressive disease or unacceptable toxicity.

    2.2 Adult Patients with Ph+ CML CP, AP, or BC

    The recommended dose of imatinib mesylate tablets is 400 mg/day for adult patients in chronic phase CML and 600 mg/day for adult patients in accelerated phase or blast crisis.

    In CML, a dose increase from 400 mg to 600 mg in adult patients with chronic phase disease, or from 600 mg to 800 mg (given as 400 mg twice daily) in adult patients in accelerated phase or blast crisis may be considered in the absence of severe adverse drug reaction and severe non-leukemia related neutropenia or thrombocytopenia in the following circumstances: disease progression (at any time), failure to achieve a satisfactory hematologic response after at least 3 months of treatment, failure to achieve a cytogenetic response after 6 to 12 months of treatment, or loss of a previously achieved hematologic or cytogenetic response.

    2.3 Pediatric Patients with Ph+ CML CP

    The recommended dose of imatinib mesylate tablets for children with newly diagnosed Ph+ CML is 340 mg/m2/day (not to exceed 600 mg). Imatinib mesylate tablets treatment can be given as a once daily dose or the daily dose may be split into two – one portion dosed in the morning and one portion in the evening. There is no experience with imatinib mesylate tablets treatment in children under 1 year of age.

    2.4 Adult Patients with Ph+ ALL

    The recommended dose of imatinib mesylate tablets is 600 mg/day for adult patients with relapsed/refractory Ph+ ALL.

    2.6 Adult Patients with MDS/MPD

    Determine PDGFRb gene rearrangements status prior to initiating treatment. Information on FDA-approved tests for the detection of PDGFRb rearrangements is available at http://www.fda.gov/companiondiagnostics.

    The recommended dose of imatinib mesylate tablets is 400 mg/day for adult patients with MDS/MPD.

    2.7 Adult Patients with ASM

    Determine D816V c-Kit mutation status prior to initiating treatment. Information on FDA-approved test for the detection of D816V c-Kit mutation is available at http://www.fda.gov/companiondiagnostics.

    The recommended dose of imatinib mesylate tablets is 400 mg/day for adult patients with ASM without the D816V c-Kit mutation. If c-Kit mutational status is not known or unavailable, treatment with imatinib mesylate tablets 400 mg/day may be considered for patients with ASM not responding satisfactorily to other therapies. For patients with ASM associated with eosinophilia, a clonal hematological disease related to the fusion kinase FIP1L1-PDGFRα, a starting dose of 100 mg/day is recommended. Dose increase from 100 mg to 400 mg for these patients may be considered in the absence of adverse drug reactions if assessments demonstrate an insufficient response to therapy.

    2.8 Adult Patients with HES/CEL

    The recommended dose of imatinib mesylate tablets is 400 mg/day for adult patients with HES/CEL. For HES/CEL patients with demonstrated FIP1L1-PDGFRα fusion kinase, a starting dose of 100 mg/day is recommended. Dose increase from 100 mg to 400 mg for these patients may be considered in the absence of adverse drug reactions if assessments demonstrate an insufficient response to therapy.

    2.9 Adult Patients with DFSP

    The recommended dose of imatinib mesylate tablets is 800 mg/day for adult patients with DFSP.

    2.12 Dose Modification Guidelines

    Concomitant Strong CYP3A4 inducers:

    The use of concomitant strong CYP3A4 inducers should be avoided(e.g., dexamethasone, phenytoin, carbamazepine, rifampin, rifabutin, rifampacin, phenobarbital). If patients must be coadministered a strong CYP3A4 inducer, based on pharmacokinetic studies, the dosage of imatinib mesylate tablets should be increased by at least 50%, and clinical response should be carefully monitored [see Drug Interactions (7.1)].  

    Hepatic Impairment:Patients with mild and moderate hepatic impairment do not require a dose adjustment and should be treated per the recommended dose. A 25% decrease in the recommended dose should be used for patients with severe hepatic impairment [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6)]. 

    Renal Impairment:Patients with moderate renal impairment (CrCL=20 to 39 mL/min) should receive a 50% decrease in the recommended starting dose and future doses can be increased as tolerated. Doses greater than 600 mg are not recommended in patients with mild renal impairment (CrCL=40 to 59 mL/min). For patients with moderate renal impairment doses greater than 400 mg are not recommended. 

    Imatinib should be used with caution in patients with severe renal impairment. A dose of 100 mg/day was tolerated in two patients with severe renal impairment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3), Use in Specific Populations (8.7)].

    2.13 Dose Adjustment for Hepatotoxicity and Non-Hematologic Adverse Reactions

    If elevations in bilirubin greater than 3 times the institutional upper limit of normal (IULN) or in liver transaminases greater than 5 times the IULN occur, imatinib mesylate tablets should be withheld until bilirubin levels have returned to a less than 1.5 times the IULN and transaminase levels to less than 2.5 times the IULN. In adults, treatment with imatinib mesylate tablets may then be continued at a reduced daily dose (i.e., 400 mg to 300 mg, 600 mg to 400 mg or 800 mg to 600 mg). In children, daily doses can be reduced under the same circumstances from 340 mg/m2/day to 260 mg/m2/day.

    If a severe non-hematologic adverse reaction develops (such as severe hepatotoxicity or severe fluid retention), imatinib mesylate tablets should be withheld until the event has resolved. Thereafter, treatment can be resumed as appropriate depending on the initial severity of the event.

    2.14 Dose Adjustment for Hematologic Adverse Reactions

    Dose reduction or treatment interruptions for severe neutropenia and thrombocytopenia are recommended as indicated in Table 1.



    Table 1: Dose Adjustments for Neutropenia and Thrombocytopenia
  • * ANC=absolute neutrophil count
    		•
    ASM associated with eosinophilia (starting dose 100 mg)
    		ANC* less than 1 x 109/L
    and/or
    platelets less than 50 x 109/L
    1. Stop imatinib mesylate tablets until ANC greater than or equal to 1.5 x 109/L and platelets greater than or equal to 75 x 109/L
    2. Resume treatment with imatinib mesylate tablets at previous dose (i.e., dose before severe adverse reaction)
    HES/CEL with FIP1L1-PDGFRα fusion kinase (starting dose 100 mg)
    		ANC less than 1 x 109/L and/or
    platelets less than 50 x 109/L
    1. Stop imatinib mesylate tablets until ANC greater than or equal to 1.5 x 109/L and platelets greater than or equal to 75 x 109/L
    2. Resume treatment with imatinib mesylate tablets at previous dose (i.e., dose before severe adverse reaction)
    Chronic Phase CML (starting dose 400 mg)
    MDS/MPD, ASM and HES/CEL (starting dose 400 mg)
    		ANC less than 1 x 109/L
    and/or
    platelets less than 50 x 109/L
    1. Stop imatinib mesylate tablets until ANC greater than or equal to 1.5 x 109/L and platelets greater than or equal to 75 x 109/L
    2. Resume treatment with imatinib mesylate tablets at the original starting dose of 400 mg
    3. If recurrence of ANC less than 1 x 109/L and/or platelets less than 50 x 109/L, repeat step 1 and resume imatinib mesylate tablets at a reduced dose of 300 mg
    Ph+ CML: Accelerated Phase and Blast Crisis (starting dose 600 mg)
     
    Ph+ ALL (starting dose 600 mg)
    		ANC less than 0.5 x 109/L
    and/or
    platelets less than 10 x 109/L
    1. Check if cytopenia is related to leukemia (marrow aspirate or biopsy)
    2. If cytopenia is unrelated to leukemia, reduce dose of imatinib mesylate tablets to 400 mg
    3. If cytopenia persists 2 weeks, reduce further to 300 mg
    4. If cytopenia persists 4 weeks and is still unrelated to leukemia, stop imatinib mesylate tablets until ANC greater than or equal to 1 x 109/L and platelets greater than or equal to 20 x 109/L and then resume treatment at 300 mg
    DFSP (starting dose 800 mg)
    		ANC less than 1 x 109/L
    and/or
    platelets less than 50 x 109/L
    1. Stop imatinib mesylate tablets until ANC greater than or equal to 1.5 x 109/L and platelets greater than or equal to 75 x 109/L
    2. Resume treatment with imatinib mesylate tablets at 600 mg
    3. In the event of recurrence of ANC less than 1 x 109/L and/or platelets less than 50 x 109/L, repeat step 1 and resume imatinib mesylate tablets at reduced dose of 400 mg.
    Pediatric newly diagnosed chronic phase CML
    (starting dose 340 mg/m2)
    		ANC less than 1 x 109/L
    and/or
    platelets less than 50 x 109/L
    1. Stop imatinib mesylate tablets until ANC greater than or equal to 1.5 x 109/L and platelets greater than or equal to 75 x 109/L
    2. Resume treatment with imatinib mesylate tablets at previous dose (i.e., dose before severe adverse reaction)
    3. In the event of recurrence of ANC less than 1 x 109/L and/or platelets less than 50 x 109/L, repeat step 1 and resume imatinib mesylate tablets at reduced dose of 260 mg/m2
  • 3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

    100 mg film-coated tablets

    Yellow, circular, biconvex, film-coated tablet debossed with “472” on one side and breakline on the other side.


    400 mg film-coated tablets

    Yellow, ovaloid shaped, biconvex, film-coated tablet debossed with “475” on one side and breakline on the other side.

  • 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

    None.

  • 5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

    5.1 Fluid Retention and Edema

    Imatinib mesylate is often associated with edema and occasionally serious fluid retention [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. Weigh and monitor patients regularly for signs and symptoms of fluid retention. Investigate unexpected rapid weight gain carefully and provide appropriate treatment. The probability of edema was increased with higher imatinib mesylate dose and age greater than 65 years in the CML studies. Severe superficial edema was reported in 1.5% of newly diagnosed CML patients taking imatinib mesylate tablets, and in 2% to 6% of other adult CML patients taking imatinib mesylate tablets. In addition, other severe fluid retention (e.g., pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, pulmonary edema, and ascites) reactions were reported in 1.3% of newly diagnosed CML patients taking imatinib mesylate tablets, and in 2% to 6% of other adult CML patients taking imatinib mesylate tablets. In a randomized trial in patients with newly diagnosed Ph+CML in chronic phase comparing imatinib mesylate and nilotinib, severe (Grade 3 or 4) fluid retention occurred in 2.5% of patients receiving imatinib mesylate and in 3.9% of patients receiving nilotinib 300 mg twice daily.  Effusions (including pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, ascites) or pulmonary edema were observed in 2.1% (none were Grade 3 or 4) of patients in the imatinib mesylate arm and 2.2% (0.7% Grade 3 or 4) of patients in the nilotinib 300 mg twice daily arm.

    5.2 Hematologic Toxicity

    Treatment with imatinib mesylate is associated with anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. Perform complete blood counts weekly for the first month, biweekly for the second month, and periodically thereafter as clinically indicated (for example, every 2 to 3 months). In CML, the occurrence of these cytopenias is dependent on the stage of disease and is more frequent in patients with accelerated phase CML or blast crisis than in patients with chronic phase CML. In pediatric CML patients the most frequent toxicities observed were Grade 3 or 4 cytopenias including neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and anemia. These generally occur within the first several months of therapy [see Dosage and Administration (2.14)].

    5.3 Congestive Heart Failure and Left Ventricular Dysfunction

    Congestive heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction have been reported in patients taking imatinib mesylate tablets. Cardiac adverse reactions were more frequent in patients with advanced age or co-morbidities including previous medical history of cardiac disease. In an international randomized Phase 3 study in 1,106 patients with newly diagnosed Ph+ CML in chronic phase, severe cardiac failure and left ventricular dysfunction were observed in 0.7% of patients taking imatinib mesylate tablets compared to 0.9% of patients taking IFN + Ara-C. In another randomized trial with newly diagnosed Ph+ CML patients in chronic phase that compared imatinib mesylate and nilotinib, cardiac failure was observed in 1.1% of patient in the imatinib mesylate arm and 2.2% of patients in the nilotinib 300 mg twice daily arm and severe (Grade 3 or 4) cardiac failure occurred in 0.7% of patients in each group. Carefully monitor patients with cardiac disease or risk factors for cardiac or history of renal failure. Evaluate and treat any patient with signs or symptoms consistent with cardiac or renal failure.

    5.4 Hepatotoxicity

    Hepatotoxicity, occasionally severe, may occur with imatinib mesylate [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. Cases of fatal liver failure and severe liver injury requiring liver transplants have been reported with both short-term and long-term use of imatinib mesylate. Monitor liver function (transaminases, bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase) before initiation of treatment and monthly, or as clinically indicated. Manage laboratory abnormalities with imatinib mesylate interruption and/or dose reduction [see Dosage and Administration (2.13)]. When imatinib mesylate is combined with chemotherapy, liver toxicity in the form of transaminase elevation and hyperbilirubinemia has been observed. Additionally, there have been reports of acute liver failure. Monitoring of hepatic function is recommended.

    5.5 Hemorrhage

    In a trial of imatinib mesylate versus IFN+Ara-C in patients with the newly diagnosed CML, 1.8% of patients had Grade 3/4 hemorrhage. In a randomized trial in patients with newly diagnosed Ph+ CML in chronic phase comparing imatinib mesylate and nilotinib, GI hemorrhage occurred in 1.4% of patients in the imatinib mesylate arm, and in 2.9% of patients in the nilotinib 300 mg twice daily arm. None of these events were Grade 3 or 4 in the imatinib mesylate arm; 0.7% were Grade 3 or 4 in the nilotinib 300 mg twice daily arm. In addition, gastric antral vascular ectasia has been reported in postmarketing experience.

    5.6 Gastrointestinal Disorders

    Imatinib mesylate is sometimes associated with GI irritation. Imatinib mesylate tablets should be taken with food and a large glass of water to minimize this problem. There have been rare reports, including fatalities, of gastrointestinal perforation.

    5.7 Hypereosinophilic Cardiac Toxicity

    In patients with hypereosinophilic syndrome with occult infiltration of HES cells within the myocardium, cases of cardiogenic shock/left ventricular dysfunction have been associated with HES cell degranulation upon the initiation of imatinib mesylate therapy. The condition was reported to be reversible with the administration of systemic steroids, circulatory support measures and temporarily withholding imatinib mesylate.

    Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative disease and systemic mastocytosis may be associated with high eosinophil levels. Consider performing an echocardiogram and determining serum troponin in patients with HES/CEL, and in patients with MDS/MPD or ASM associated with high eosinophil levels. If either is abnormal, consider prophylactic use of systemic steroids (1 to 2 mg/kg) for one to two weeks concomitantly with imatinib mesylate at the initiation of therapy.

    5.8 Dermatologic Toxicities

    Bullous dermatologic reactions, including erythema multiforme and Stevens-Johnson syndrome, have been reported with use of imatinib mesylate. In some cases of bullous dermatologic reactions, including erythema multiforme and Stevens-Johnson syndrome reported during postmarketing surveillance, a recurrent dermatologic reaction was observed upon rechallenge. Several foreign postmarketing reports have described cases in which patients tolerated the reintroduction of imatinib mesylate therapy after resolution or improvement of the bullous reaction. In these instances, imatinib mesylate was resumed at a dose lower than that at which the reaction occurred and some patients also received concomitant treatment with corticosteroids or antihistamines.

    5.9 Hypothyroidism

    Clinical cases of hypothyroidism have been reported in thyroidectomy patients undergoing levothyroxine replacement during treatment with imatinib mesylate. Monitor TSH levels in such patients.

    5.10 Embryo-fetal Toxicity

    Imatinib mesylate can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Imatinib mesylate was teratogenic in rats when administered during organogenesis at doses approximately equal to the maximum human dose of 800 mg/day based on body surface area. Significant post-implantation loss was seen in female rats administered imatinib mesylate at doses approximately one-half the maximum human dose of 800 mg/day based on body surface area. Advise sexually active female patients of reproductive potential to use effective contraception (methods that result in less than 1% pregnancy rates) when using imatinib mesylate and for 14 days after stopping imatinib mesylate. If this drug is used during pregnancy or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, apprise the patient of the potential hazard to a fetus [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].

    5.11 Growth Retardation in Children and Adolescents

    Growth retardation has been reported in children and pre-adolescents receiving imatinib mesylate. The long term effects of prolonged treatment with imatinib mesylate on growth in children are unknown. Therefore, monitor growth in children under imatinib mesylate treatment [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

    5.12 Tumor Lysis Syndrome

    Cases of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS), including fatal cases, have been reported in patients with CML, ALL and eosinophilic leukemia receiving imatinib mesylate. The patients at risk of TLS are those with tumors having a high proliferative rate or high tumor burden prior to treatment. Monitor these patients closely and take appropriate precautions. Due to possible occurrence of TLS, correct clinically significant dehydration and treat high uric acid levels prior to initiation of imatinib mesylate.

    5.13 Impairments Related to Driving and Using Machinery

    Motor vehicle accidents have been reported in patients receiving imatinib mesylate. Advise patients that they may experience side effects such as dizziness, blurred vision or somnolence during treatment with imatinib mesylate. Recommend caution when driving a car or operating machinery.

    5.14 Renal Toxicity

    A decline in renal function may occur in patients receiving imatinib mesylate. Median estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values in patients on imatinib mesylate 400 mg daily for newly-diagnosed CML (four randomized trials) declined from a baseline value of 85 ml/min/1.73m2 (N=1190) to 75 ml/min/1.73m2 at 12 months (N=1082) and 69 ml/min/1.73m2  at 60 months (N=549). Evaluate renal function prior to initiating imatinib mesylate and monitor during therapy, with attention to risk factors for renal dysfunction such as pre-existing renal impairment, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and congestive heart failure. 

  • 6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

    The following serious adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling:


    ·         Fluid Retention and Edema [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]

    ·         Hematologic Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]

    ·         Congestive Heart Failure and Left Ventricular Dysfunction [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]

    ·         Hepatotoxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]

    ·         Hemorrhage [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)]

    ·         Gastrointestinal Disorders [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)]

    ·         Hypereosinophilic Cardiac Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)]

    ·         Dermatologic Toxicities [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8)]

    ·         Hypothyroidism [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9)]

    ·         Growth Retardation in Children and Adolescents [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11)]

    ·         Tumor Lysis Syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12)]

    ·         Impairments Related to Driving and Using Machinery [see Warnings and Precautions (5.13)]

    ·         Renal Toxicity   [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.14 )]

    6.1 Clinical Trials Experience 


    Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
    Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
    The majority of imatinib mesylate-treated patients experienced adverse reactions at some time. Imatinib mesylate was discontinued due to drug-related adverse reactions in 2.4% of patients receiving imatinib mesylate in the randomized trial of newly diagnosed patients with Ph+ CML in chronic phase comparing imatinib mesylate versus IFN+Ara-C, and in 12.5% of patients receiving imatinib mesylate in the randomized trial of newly diagnosed patients with Ph+ CML in chronic phase comparing imatinib mesylate and nilotinib. Imatinib mesylate was discontinued due to drug-related adverse reactions in 4% of patients in chronic phase after failure of interferon- alpha therapy, in 4% of patients in accelerated phase and in 5% of patients in blast crisis.
    The most frequently reported drug-related adverse reactions were edema, nausea and vomiting, muscle cramps, musculoskeletal pain, diarrhea and rash (Table 2 and Table 3 for newly diagnosed CML, Table 4 for other CML patients). Edema was most frequently periorbital or in lower limbs and was managed with diuretics, other supportive measures, or by reducing the dose of imatinib mesylate [see Dosage and Administration (2.13)]. The frequency of severe superficial edema was 1.5% to 6%.
    A variety of adverse reactions represent local or general fluid retention including pleural effusion, ascites, pulmonary edema and rapid weight gain with or without superficial edema. These reactions appear to be dose related, were more common in the blast crisis and accelerated phase studies (where the dose was 600 mg/day), and are more common in the elderly. These reactions were usually managed by interrupting imatinib mesylate treatment and using diuretics or other appropriate supportive care measures. These reactions may be serious or life threatening.
    Adverse reactions, regardless of relationship to study drug, that were reported in at least 10% of the imatinib mesylate treated patients are shown in Tables 2, 3, and 4.



    Table 2: Adverse Reactions Regardless of Relationship to Study Drug Reported in Newly Diagnosed CML Clinical Trial in the Imatinib Mesylate versus IFN+Ara-C Study (greater than or equal to 10% of Imatinib Mesylate Treated Patients)*
  • * All adverse reactions occurring in greater than or equal to 10% of imatinib mesylate treated patients are listed regardless of suspected relationship to treatment.
  • † Other fluid retention reactions include pleural effusion, ascites, pulmonary edema, pericardial effusion, anasarca, edema aggravated, and fluid retention not otherwise specified.
    		•
     
    		All Grades
    		CTC Grades 3/4
    Preferred Term
    		Imatinib Mesylate
    N=551 (%)
    		IFN+Ara−C
    N=533 (%)
    		Imatinib Mesylate
    N=551 (%)
    		IFN+Ara−C
    N=533 (%)
    Fluid Retention
    		61.7
    		11.1
    		2.5
    		0.9
    − Superficial Edema
    		59.9
    		9.6
    		1.5
    		0.4
    − Other Fluid Retention Reactions†
    		6.9
    		1.9
    		1.3
    		0.6
    Nausea
    		49.5
    		61.5
    		1.3
    		5.1
    Muscle Cramps
    		49.2
    		11.8
    		2.2
    		0.2
    Musculoskeletal Pain
    		47
    		44.8
    		5.4
    		8.6
    Diarrhea
    		45.4
    		43.3
    		3.3
    		3.2
    Rash and Related Terms
    		40.1
    		26.1
    		2.9
    		2.4
    Fatigue
    		38.8
    		67
    		1.8
    		25.1
    Headache
    		37
    		43.3
    		0.5
    		3.8
    Joint Pain
    		31.4
    		38.1
    		2.5
    		7.7
    Abdominal Pain
    		36.5
    		25.9
    		4.2
    		3.9
    Nasopharyngitis
    		30.5
    		8.8
    		0
    		0.4
    Hemorrhage
    		28.9
    		21.2
    		1.8
    		1.7
    - GI Hemorrhage
    		1.6
    		1.1
    		0.5
    		0.2
    - CNS Hemorrhage
    		0.2
    		0.4
    		0
    		0.4
    Myalgia
    		24.1
    		38.8
    		1.5
    		8.3
    Vomiting
    		22.5
    		27.8
    		2
    		3.4
    Dyspepsia
    		18.9
    		8.3
    		0
    		0.8
    Cough
    		20
    		23.1
    		0.2
    		0.6
    Pharyngolaryngeal Pain
    		18.1
    		11.4
    		0.2
    		0
    Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
    		21.2
    		8.4
    		0.2
    		0.4
    Dizziness
    		19.4
    		24.4
    		0.9
    		3.8
    Pyrexia
    		17.8
    		42.6
    		0.9
    		3
    Weight Increased
    		15.6
    		2.6
    		2
    		0.4
    Insomnia
    		14.7
    		18.6
    		0
    		2.3
    Depression
    		14.9
    		35.8
    		0.5
    		13.1
    Influenza
    		13.8
    		6.2
    		0.2
    		0.2
    Bone Pain
    		11.3
    		15.6
    		1.6
    		3.4
    Constipation
    		11.4
    		14.4
    		0.7
    		0.2
    Sinusitis
    		11.4
    		6
    		0.2
    		0.2


    Table 3: Most Frequently Reported Non-hematologic Adverse Reactions (Regardless of Relationship to Study Drug) in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Ph+ CML-CP in the Imatinib Mesylate versus nilotinib Study (greater than or equal to 10% in Imatinib Mesylate 400 mg Once-Daily or nilotinib 300 mg Twice-Daily Groups) 60-Month Analysis*
  • * Excluding laboratory abnormalities
  • † NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, Version 3.0
    		•
     
    		 
    		Patients with Newly Diagnosed Ph+ CML-CP
    imatinib mesylate
    400 mg
    once daily N=280
    		nilotinib
    300 mg
    twice daily
    N=279
    		imatinib mesylate
    400 mg
    once daily N=280
    		nilotinib
    300 mg
    twice daily
    N=279
    Body System and Preferred Term
    		 
    		All Grades (%)
    		CTC Grades† 3/4 (%)
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    		Rash
    		19
    		38
    		2
    		<1
    Pruritus
    		7
    		21
    		0
    		<1
    Alopecia
    		7
    		13
    		0
    		0
    Dry skin
    		6
    		12
    		0
    		0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    		Nausea
    		41
    		22
    		2
    		2
    Constipation
    		8
    		20
    		0
    		<1
    Diarrhea
    		46
    		19
    		4
    		1
    Vomiting
    		27
    		15
    		<1
    		<1
    Abdominal pain upper
    		14
    		18
    		<1
    		1
    Abdominal pain
    		12
    		15
    		0
    		2
    Dyspepsia
    		12
    		10
    		0
    		0
    Nervous system disorders
    		Headache
    		23
    		32
    		<1
    		3
    Dizziness
    		11
    		12
    		<1
    		<1
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    		Fatigue
    		20
    		23
    		1
    		1
    Pyrexia
    		13
    		14
    		0
    		<1
    Asthenia
    		12
    		14
    		0
    		<1
    Peripheral edema
    		20
    		9
    		0
    		<1
    Face edema
    		14
    		<1
    		<1
    		0
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    		Myalgia
    		19
    		19
    		<1
    		<1
    Arthralgia
    		17
    		22
    		<1
    		<1
    Muscle spasms
    		34
    		12
    		1
    		0
    Pain in extremity
    		16
    		15
    		<1
    		<1
    Back pain
    		17
    		19
    		1
    		1
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    		Cough
    		13
    		17
    		0
    		0
    Oropharyngeal pain
    		6
    		12
    		0
    		0
    Dyspnea
    		6
    		11
    		<1
    		2
    Infections and infestations
    		Nasopharyngitis
    		21
    		27
    		0
    		0
    Upper respiratory tract infection
    		14
    		17
    		0
    		<1
    Influenza
    		9
    		13
    		0
    		0
    Gastroenteritis
    		10
    		7
    		<1
    		0
    Eye disorders
    		Eyelid edema
    		19
    		1
    		<1
    		0
    Periorbital edema
    		15
    		<1
    		0
    		0
    Psychiatric disorders
    		Insomnia
    		9
    		11
    		0
    		0
    Vascular disorder
    		Hypertension
    		4
    		10
    		<1
    		1



    Table 4: Adverse Reactions Regardless of Relationship to Study Drug Reported in Other CML Clinical Trials (greater than or equal to 10% of All Patients in any Trial)*
  • * All adverse reactions occurring in greater than or equal to 10% of patients are listed regardless of suspected relationship to treatment.
    		•
     
    		Myeloid Blast Crisis
    (n=260)
    %
    		Accelerated Phase
    (n=235)
    %
    		Chronic Phase, IFN Failure (n=532)
    %
      Preferred Term
    		All Grades
    		Grade 3/4
    		All Grades
    		Grade 3/4
    		All Grades
    		Grade 3/4
    Fluid Retention
    		72
    		11
    		76
    		6
    		69
    		4
    -Superficial Edema
    		66
    		6
    		74
    		3
    		67
    		2
    -Other Fluid Retention Reactions†
    		22
    		6
    		15
    		4
    		7
    		2
    Nausea
    		71
    		5
    		73
    		5
    		63
    		3
    Muscle Cramps
    		28
    		1
    		47
    		0.4
    		62
    		2
    Vomiting
    		54
    		4
    		58
    		3
    		36
    		2
    Diarrhea
    		43
    		4
    		57
    		5
    		48
    		3
    Hemorrhage
    		53
    		19
    		49
    		11
    		30
    		2
    - CNS Hemorrhage
    		9
    		7
    		3
    		3
    		2
    		1
    - GI Hemorrhage
    		8
    		4
    		6
    		5
    		2
    		0.4
    Musculoskeletal Pain
    		42
    		9
    		49
    		9
    		38
    		2
    Fatigue
    		30
    		4
    		46
    		4
    		48
    		1
    Skin Rash
    		36
    		5
    		47
    		5
    		47
    		3
    Pyrexia
    		41
    		7
    		41
    		8
    		21
    		2
    Arthralgia
    		25
    		5
    		34
    		6
    		40
    		1
    Headache
    		27
    		5
    		32
    		2
    		36
    		0.6
    Abdominal Pain
    		30
    		6
    		33
    		4
    		32
    		1
    Weight Increased
    		5
    		1
    		17
    		5
    		32
    		7
    Cough
    		14
    		0.8
    		27
    		0.9
    		20
    		0
    Dyspepsia
    		12
    		0
    		22
    		0
    		27
    		0
    Myalgia
    		9
    		0
    		24
    		2
    		27
    		0.2
    Nasopharyngitis
    		10
    		0
    		17
    		0
    		22
    		0.2
    Asthenia
    		18
    		5
    		21
    		5
    		15
    		0.2
    Dyspnea
    		15
    		4
    		21
    		7
    		12
    		0.9
    Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
    		3
    		0
    		12
    		0.4
    		19
    		0
    Anorexia
    		14
    		2
    		17
    		2
    		7
    		0
    Night Sweats
    		13
    		0.8
    		17
    		1
    		14
    		0.2
    Constipation
    		16
    		2
    		16
    		0.9
    		9
    		0.4
    Dizziness
    		12
    		0.4
    		13
    		0
    		16
    		0.2
    Pharyngitis
    		10
    		0
    		12
    		0
    		15
    		0
    Insomnia
    		10
    		0
    		14
    		0
    		14
    		0.2
    Pruritus
    		8
    		1
    		14
    		0.9
    		14
    		0.8
    Hypokalemia
    		13
    		4
    		9
    		2
    		6
    		0.8
    Pneumonia
    		13
    		7
    		10
    		7
    		4
    		1
    Anxiety
    		8
    		0.8
    		12
    		0
    		8
    		0.4
    Liver Toxicity
    		10
    		5
    		12
    		6
    		6
    		3
    Rigors
    		10
    		0
    		12
    		0.4
    		10
    		0
    Chest Pain
    		7
    		2
    		10
    		0.4
    		11
    		0.8
    Influenza
    		0.8
    		0.4
    		6
    		0
    		11
    		0.2
    Sinusitis
    		4
    		0.4
    		11
    		0.4
    		9
    		0.4




    Hematologic and Biochemistry Laboratory Abnormalitie

    Cytopenias, and particularly neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, were a consistent finding in all studies, with a higher frequency at doses greater than or equal to 750 mg (Phase 1 study). The occurrence of cytopenias in CML patients was also dependent on the stage of the disease.
    In patients with newly diagnosed CML, cytopenias were less frequent than in the other CML patients (see Tables 5, 6, and 7). The frequency of Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia was between 2- and 3-fold higher in blast crisis and accelerated phase compared to chronic phase (see Tables 4 and 5). The median duration of the neutropenic and thrombocytopenic episodes varied from 2 to 3 weeks, and from 2 to 4 weeks, respectively.
    These reactions can usually be managed with either a reduction of the dose or an interruption of treatment with imatinib mesylate, but may require permanent discontinuation of treatment.

    Table 5: Laboratory Abnormalities in Newly Diagnosed CML Clinical Trial (Imatinib Mesylate versus IFN+Ara C)
  • * p less than 0.001 (difference in Grade 3 plus 4 abnormalities between the two treatment groups)
    		•
    CTC Grades
    		Imatinib Mesylate
    N=551
    %
    		IFN+Ara−C
    N=533
    %
    Grade 3
    		Grade 4
    		Grade 3
    		Grade 4
    Hematology Parameters*
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
    − Neutropenia*
    		13.1
    		3.6
    		20.8
    		4.5
    − Thrombocytopenia*
    		8.5
    		0.4
    		15.9
    		0.6
    − Anemia
    		3.3
    		1.1
    		4.1
    		0.2
    Biochemistry Parameters
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
    − Elevated Creatinine
    		0
    		0
    		0.4
    		0
    − Elevated Bilirubin
    		0.9
    		0.2
    		0.2
    		0
    − Elevated Alkaline Phosphatase
    		0.2
    		0
    		0.8
    		0
    − Elevated SGOT /SGPT
    		4.7
    		0.5
    		7.1
    		0.4


    Table 6: Percent Incidence of Clinically Relevant Grade 3/4* Laboratory Abnormalities in the Newly Diagnosed CML Clinical Trial (imatinib mesylate versus nilotinib)
  • * NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3.0
    		•
     
    		imatinib mesylate 400 mg
    once-daily
    N=280
    (%)
    		nilotinib 300 mg
    twice-daily
    N=279
    (%)
    Hematologic Parameters
    		 
    		 
    Thrombocytopenia
    		9
    		10
    Neutropenia
    		22
    		12
    Anemia
    		6
    		4
    Biochemistry Parameters
    		 
    		 
    Elevated lipase
    		4
    		9
    Hyperglycemia
    		<1
    		7
    Hypophosphatemia
    		10
    		8
    Elevated bilirubin (total)
    		<1
    		4
    Elevated SGPT (ALT)
    		3
    		4
    Hyperkalemia
    		1
    		2
    Hyponatremia
    		<1
    		1
    Hypokalemia
    		2
    		<1
    Elevated SGOT (AST)
    		1
    		1
    Decreased albumin
    		<1
    		0
    Hypocalcemia
    		<1
    		<1
    Elevated alkaline phosphatase
    		<1
    		0
    Elevated creatinine
    		<1
    		0



    Table 7: Laboratory Abnormalities in Other CML Clinical Trials
  • *  CTC Grades: neutropenia (Grade 3 greater than or equal to 0.5 to 1 x 109/L, Grade 4 less than 0.5 x 109/L), thrombocytopenia (Grade 3 greater than or equal to 10 to 50 x 109/L, Grade 4 less than 10 x 109/L), anemia (hemoglobin greater than or equal to 65 to 80 g/L, Grade 4 less than 65 g/L), elevated creatinine (Grade 3 greater than 3 to 6 x upper limit normal range [ULN], Grade 4 greater than 6 x ULN), elevated bilirubin (Grade 3 greater than 3 to 10 x ULN, Grade 4 greater than 10 x ULN), elevated alkaline phosphatase (Grade 3 greater than 5 to 20 x ULN, Grade 4 greater than 20 x ULN), elevated SGOT or SGPT (Grade 3 greater than 5 to 20 x ULN, Grade 4 greater than 20 x ULN)
    		•
     
    		Myeloid Blast Crisis
    (n=260)
    600 mg n=223
    400 mg n=37
    %
    		Accelerated Phase
    (n=235)
    600 mg n=158
    400 mg n=77
    %
    		Chronic Phase, IFN Failure
    (n=532)
    400 mg
    %
    CTC Grades*
    		Grade 3
    		Grade 4
    		Grade 3
    		Grade 4
    		Grade 3
    		Grade 4
    Hematology Parameters
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
    − Neutropenia
    		16
    		48
    		23
    		36
    		27
    		9
    − Thrombocytopenia
    		30
    		33
    		31
    		13
    		21
    		<1
    − Anemia
    		42
    		11
    		34
    		7
    		6
    		1
    Biochemistry Parameters
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
    − Elevated Creatinine
    		1.5
    		0
    		1.3
    		0
    		0.2
    		0
    − Elevated Bilirubin
    		3.8
    		0
    		2.1
    		0
    		0.6
    		0
    − Elevated Alkaline Phosphatase
    		4.6
    		0
    		5.5
    		0.4
    		0.2
    		0
    − Elevated SGOT (AST)
    		1.9
    		0
    		3
    		0
    		2.3
    		0
     − Elevated SGPT (ALT)       
    		2.3
    		0.4
    		4.3
    		0
    		2.1
    		0


    Hepatotoxicity
    Severe elevation of transaminases or bilirubin occurred in approximately 5% of CML patients (see Tables 6 and 7) and were usually managed with dose reduction or interruption (the median duration of these episodes was approximately 1 week). Treatment was discontinued permanently because of liver laboratory abnormalities in less than 1% of CML patients. One patient, who was taking acetaminophen regularly for fever, died of acute liver failure.
    Adverse Reactions in Pediatric Population 
    Single agent therapy
    The overall safety profile of pediatric patients treated with imatinib mesylate in 93 children studied was similar to that found in studies with adult patients, except that musculoskeletal pain was less frequent (20.5%) and peripheral edema was not reported. Nausea and vomiting were the most commonly reported individual adverse reactions with an incidence similar to that seen in adult patients. Most patients experienced adverse reactions at some time during the study. The incidence of Grade 3/4 events across all types of adverse reactions was 75%; the events with the highest Grade 3/4 incidence in CML pediatric patients were mainly related to myelosuppression.
    Adverse Reactions in Other Subpopulations
    In older patients (greater than or equal to 65 years old), with the exception of edema, where it was more frequent, there was no evidence of an increase in the incidence or severity of adverse reactions. In women there was an increase in the frequency of neutropenia, as well as Grade 1/2 superficial edema, headache, nausea, rigors, vomiting, rash, and fatigue. No differences were seen that were related to race but the subsets were too small for proper evaluation.
    Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
    The adverse reactions were similar for Ph+ ALL as for Ph+ CML. The most frequently reported drug-related adverse reactions reported in the Ph+ ALL studies were mild nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, myalgia, muscle cramps and rash. Superficial edema was a common finding in all studies and were described primarily as periorbital or lower limb edemas. These edemas were reported as Grade 3/4 events in 6.3% of the patients and may be managed with diuretics, other supportive measures, or in some patients by reducing the dose of imatinib mesylate.
    Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Diseases
    Adverse reactions, regardless of relationship to study drug, that were reported in at least 10% of the patients treated with imatinib mesylate for MDS/MPD in the Phase 2 study, are shown in Table 9.



    Table 9: Adverse Reactions Regardless of Relationship to Study Drug Reported (More than One Patient) in MPD Patients in the Phase 2 Study (greater than or equal to 10% All Patients) All Grades
    Preferred Term
    		N=7
    n (%)
    Nausea
    		4 (57.1)
    Diarrhea
    		3 (42.9)
    Anemia
    		2 (28.6)
    Fatigue
    		2 (28.6)
    Muscle Cramp
    		3 (42.9)
    Arthralgia
    		2 (28.6)
    Periorbital Edema
    		2 (28.6)


    Aggressive Systemic Mastocytosis
    All ASM patients experienced at least one adverse reaction at some time. The most frequently reported adverse reactions were diarrhea, nausea, ascites, muscle cramps, dyspnea, fatigue, peripheral edema, anemia, pruritus, rash and lower respiratory tract infection. None of the 5 patients in the Phase 2 study with ASM discontinued imatinib mesylate due to drug-related adverse reactions or abnormal laboratory values.
    Hypereosinophilic Syndrome and Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia
    The safety profile in the HES/CEL patient population does not appear to be different from the safety profile of imatinib mesylate observed in other hematologic malignancy populations, such as Ph+ CML. All patients experienced at least one adverse reaction, the most common being gastrointestinal, cutaneous and musculoskeletal disorders. Hematological abnormalities were also frequent, with instances of CTC Grade 3 leukopenia, neutropenia, lymphopenia, and anemia.
    Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans
    Adverse reactions, regardless of relationship to study drug, that were reported in at least 10% of the 12 patients treated with imatinib mesylate for DFSP in the Phase 2 study are shown in Table 10.


    Table 10: Adverse Reactions Regardless of Relationship to Study Drug Reported in DFSP Patients in the Phase 2 Study (greater than or equal to 10% All Patients) All Grades
      Preferred term       
    		N=12
    n (%)
    Nausea
    		5 (41.7)
    Diarrhea
    		3 (25)
    Vomiting
    		3 (25)
    Periorbital Edema
    		4 (33.3)
    Face Edema
    		2 (16.7)
    Rash
    		3 (25)
    Fatigue
    		5 (41.7)
    Edema Peripheral
    		4 (33.3)
    Pyrexia
    		2 (16.7)
    Eye Edema
    		4 (33.3)
    Lacrimation Increased
    		3 (25)
    Dyspnea Exertional
    		2 (16.7)
    Anemia
    		3 (25)
    Rhinitis
    		2 (16.7)
    Anorexia        
    		2 (16.7)

    Clinically relevant or severe laboratory abnormalities in the 12 patients treated with imatinib mesylate for DFSP in the Phase 2 study are presented in Table 11.



    Table 11: Laboratory Abnormalities Reported in DFSP Patients in the Phase 2 Study
  • *    CTC Grades: neutropenia (Grade 3 greater than or equal to 0.5 to 1 x 109/L, Grade 4 less than 0.5 x 109/L), thrombocytopenia (Grade 3 greater than or equal to 10 to 50 x 109/L, Grade 4 less than 10 x 109/L), anemia (Grade 3 greater than or equal to 65 to 80 g/L, Grade 4 less than 65 g/L), elevated creatinine (Grade 3 greater than 3 to 6 x upper limit normal range [ULN], Grade 4 greater than 6 x ULN)
    		•
     
    		N=12
    CTC Grades*
    		Grade 3
    %
    		Grade 4
    %
    Hematology Parameters
    		 
    		 
    - Anemia
    		17
    		0
    - Thrombocytopenia
    		17
    		0
    - Neutropenia
    		0
    		8
    Biochemistry Parameters
    		 
    		 
    - Elevated Creatinine
    		0
    		8



    Adverse Reactions from Multiple Clinical Trials

    Cardiac Disorders:
    Estimated 1% to 10%: palpitations, pericardial effusion
    Estimated 0.1% to 1%: congestive cardiac failure, tachycardia, pulmonary edema
    Estimated 0.01% to 0.1%: arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris

    Vascular Disorders: 
    Estimated 1% to 10%: flushing, hemorrhage
    Estimated 0.1% to 1%: hypertension, hypotension, peripheral coldness, Raynaud’s phenomenon, hematoma, subdural hematoma

    Investigations: 
    Estimated 1% to 10%: blood CPK increased, blood amylase increased 
    Estimated 0.1% to 1%: blood LDH increased

    Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders:
    Estimated 1% to 10%: dry skin, alopecia, face edema, erythema, photosensitivity reaction, nail disorder, purpura 
    Estimated 0.1% to 1%: exfoliative dermatitis, bullous eruption, psoriasis, rash pustular, contusion, sweating increased, urticaria, ecchymosis, increased tendency to bruise, hypotrichosis, skin hypopigmentation, skin hyperpigmentation, onychoclasis, folliculitis, petechiae, erythema multiforme
    Estimated 0.01% to 0.1%: vesicular rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet’s syndrome), nail discoloration, angioneurotic edema, leucocytoclastic vasculitis

    Gastrointestinal Disorders:
    Estimated 1% to 10%: abdominal distention, gastroesophageal reflux, dry mouth, gastritis
    Estimated 0.1% to 1%: gastric ulcer, stomatitis, mouth ulceration, eructation, melena, esophagitis, ascites, hematemesis, chelitis, dysphagia, pancreatitis
    Estimated 0.01% to 0.1%: colitis, ileus, inflammatory bowel disease 

    General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions:
    Estimated 1% to 10%: weakness, anasarca, chills
    Estimated 0.1% to 1%: malaise

    Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders:
    Estimated 1% to 10%: pancytopenia, febrile neutropenia, lymphopenia, eosinophilia
    Estimated 0.1% to 1%: thrombocythemia, bone marrow depression, lymphadenopathy
    Estimated 0.01% to 0.1%: hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia

    Hepatobiliary Disorders:
    Estimated 0.1% to 1%: hepatitis, jaundice
    Estimated 0.01% to 0.1%: hepatic failure and hepatic necrosis1

    Immune System Disorders: 
    Estimated 0.01% to 0.1%: angioedema 

    Infections and Infestations:
    Estimated 0.1% to 1%: sepsis, herpes simplex, herpes zoster, cellulitis, urinary tract infection, gastroenteritis
    Estimated 0.01% to 0.1%: fungal infection

    Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders:
    Estimated 1% to 10%: weight decreased, decreased appetite
    Estimated 0.1% to 1%: dehydration, gout, increased appetite, hyperuricemia, hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypomagnesemia

    Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders: 
    Estimated 1% to 10%: joint swelling
    Estimated 0.1% to 1%: joint and muscle stiffness, muscular weakness, arthritis

    Nervous System/Psychiatric Disorders: 
    Estimated 1% to 10%: paresthesia, hypesthesia
    Estimated 0.1% to 1%: syncope, peripheral neuropathy, somnolence, migraine, memory impairment, libido decreased, sciatica, restless leg syndrome, tremor
    Estimated 0.01% to 0.1%: increased intracranial pressure1, confusional state, convulsions, optic neuritis

    Renal and Urinary Disorders:
    Estimated 0.1% to 1%: renal failure acute, urinary frequency increased, hematuria, renal pain

    Reproductive System and Breast Disorders:
    Estimated 0.1% to 1%: breast enlargement, menorrhagia, sexual dysfunction, gynecomastia, erectile dysfunction, menstruation irregular, nipple pain, scrotal edema

    Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders: 
    Estimated 1% to 10%: epistaxis
    Estimated 0.1% to 1%: pleural effusion
    Estimated 0.01% to 0.1%: interstitial pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis, pleuritic pain, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary hemorrhage

    Eye, Ear and Labyrinth Disorders:
    Estimated 1% to 10%: conjunctivitis, vision blurred, orbital edema, conjunctival hemorrhage, dry eye 
    Estimated 0.1% to 1%: vertigo, tinnitus, eye irritation, eye pain, scleral hemorrhage, retinal hemorrhage, blepharitis, macular edema, hearing loss, cataract
    Estimated 0.01% to 0.1%: papilledema1, glaucoma 

    1Including some fatalities

    6.2 Postmarketing Experience

    The following additional adverse reactions have been identified during post approval use of imatinib mesylate. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.


    Infections: hepatitis B virus reactivation1

     

    Nervous System Disorders: cerebral edema1

     

    Eye Disorders: vitreous hemorrhage

     

    Cardiac Disorders: pericarditis, cardiac tamponade1

     

    Vascular Disorders: thrombosis/embolism, anaphylactic shock

     

    Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders: acute respiratory failure1, interstitial lung disease

     

    Gastrointestinal Disorders: ileus/intestinal obstruction, tumor hemorrhage/tumor necrosis, gastrointestinal perforation1 [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)], diverticulitis, gastric antral vascular ectasia


    Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: lichenoid keratosis, lichen planus, toxic epidermal necrolysis, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome, drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), pseudoporphyria


    Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders: avascular necrosis/hip osteonecrosis, rhabdomyolysis/myopathy, growth retardation in children, musculoskeletal pain upon treatment discontinuation (including myalgia, pain in extremity, arthralgia, bone pain)


    Reproduction Disorders: hemorrhagic corpus luteum/hemorrhagic ovarian cyst

    Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders    : thrombotic microangiopathy


    1Including some fatalities

  • 7 DRUG INTERACTIONS

    7.1 Agents Inducing CYP3A Metabolism

    Concomitant administration of imatinib mesylate and strong CYP3A4 inducers may reduce total exposure of imatinib; consider alternative agents [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

    7.2 Agents Inhibiting CYP3A Metabolism

    Concomitant administration of imatinib mesylate and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors may result in a significant imatinib exposure increase. Grapefruit juice may also increase plasma concentrations of imatinib; avoid grapefruit juice [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

    7.3 Interactions with Drugs Metabolized by CYP3A4

    Imatinib mesylate will increase plasma concentration of CYP3A4 metabolized drugs (e.g., triazolo-benzodiazepines, dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, certain HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, etc.). Use caution when administering imatinib mesylate with CYP3A4 substrates that have a narrow therapeutic window.


    Because warfarin is metabolized by CYP2C9 and CYP3A4, use low-molecular weight or standard heparin instead of warfarin in patients who require anticoagulation [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

    7.4 Interactions with Drugs Metabolized by CYP2D6

    Use caution when administering imatinib mesylate with CYP2D6 substrates that have a narrow therapeutic window.

  • 8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

    8.1 Pregnancy

    Risk Summary

     

    Imatinib mesylate can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman based on human and animal data. There are no clinical studies regarding use of imatinib mesylate in pregnant women. There have been postmarket reports of spontaneous abortions and congenital anomalies from women who have been exposed to imatinib mesylate during pregnancy. Reproductive studies in rats have demonstrated that imatinib mesylate induced teratogenicity and increased incidence of congenital abnormalities following prenatal exposure to imatinib mesylate at doses equal to the highest recommended human dose of 800 mg/day based on body surface area. Advise women to avoid pregnancy when taking imatinib mesylate. If this drug is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, apprise the patient of the potential hazard to the fetus.

    The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is not known; however, in the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects of clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and of miscarriage is 15% to 20%.

     

    Data

     

    Animal Data

    In embryo-fetal development studies in rats and rabbits, pregnant animals received oral doses of imatinib mesylate up to 100 mg/kg/day and 60 mg/kg/day, respectively, during the period of organogenesis.

    In rats, imatinib mesylate was teratogenic at 100 mg/kg/day (approximately equal to the maximum human dose of 800 mg/day based on body surface area), the number of fetuses with encephalocoele and exencephaly was higher than historical control values and these findings were associated with missing or underdeveloped cranial bones. Lower mean fetal body weights were associated with retarded skeletal ossifications.

    In rabbits, at doses 1.5 times higher than the maximum human dose of 800 mg/day based on body surface area, no effects on the reproductive parameters with respect to implantation sites, number of live fetuses, sex ratio or fetal weight were observed. The examinations of the fetuses did not reveal any drug related morphological changes.

    In a pre- and postnatal development study in rats, pregnant rats received oral doses of imatinib mesylate during gestation (organogenesis) and lactation up to 45 mg/kg/day. Five animals developed a red vaginal discharge in the 45 mg/kg/day group on Days 14 or 15 of gestation, the significance of which is unknown since all females produced viable litters and none had increased post-implantation loss. Other maternal effects noted only at the dose of 45 mg/kg/day (approximately one-half the maximum human dose of 800 mg/day based on body surface area) included an increased numbers of stillborn pups and pups dying between postpartum Days 0 and 4. In the F1 offspring at this same dose level, mean body weights were reduced from birth until terminal sacrifice and the number of litters achieving criterion for preputial separation was slightly decreased. There were no other significant effects in developmental parameters or behavioral testing. F1 fertility was not affected but reproductive effects were noted at 45 mg/kg/day including an increased number of resorptions and a decreased number of viable fetuses. The NOEL for both maternal animals and the F1 generation was 15 mg/kg/day.

    8.2 Lactation

    Risk Summary 

    Imatinib and its active metabolite are excreted into human milk. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in breastfed infants from imatinib mesylate, advise a lactating woman not to breastfeed during treatment and for 1 month after the last dose. 

    Human Data

    Based on data from 3 breastfeeding women taking imatinib mesylate, the milk:plasma ratio is about 0.5 for imatinib and about 0.9 for the active metabolite. Considering the combined concentration of imatinib and active metabolite, a breastfed infant could receive up to 10% of the maternal therapeutic dose based on body weight.

    8.3 Females and Males of Reproductive Potential

    Pregnancy Testing

    Human postmarketing reports and animal studies have shown imatinib mesylate to be harmful to the developing fetus. Test pregnancy status in females with reproductive potential prior to the initiation of treatment with imatinib mesylate. 

    Contraception 

    Females

    Advise female patients of reproductive potential to use effective contraception (methods that result in less than 1 % pregnancy rates) when using imatinib mesylate during treatment and for fourteen days after stopping treatment with imatinib mesylate [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)]. 

    Infertility

    The risk of infertility in females or males of reproductive potential has not been studied in humans. In a rat study, the fertility in males and females was not affected [see Nonclinical Toxicology (13)].

    8.4 Pediatric Use

    The safety and effectiveness of imatinib mesylate have been demonstrated in pediatric patients with newly diagnosed Ph+ chronic phase CML [see Clinical Studies (14.2, 14.4)]. There are no data in children under 1 year of age.

    8.5 Geriatric Use

    In the CML clinical studies, approximately 20% of patients were older than 65 years. In the study of patients with newly diagnosed CML, 6% of patients were older than 65 years. The frequency of edema was higher in patients older than 65 years as compared to younger patients; no other difference in the safety profile was observed [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. The efficacy of imatinib mesylate was similar in older and younger patients.

    8.6 Hepatic Impairment

    The effect of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of both imatinib and its major metabolite, CGP74588, was assessed in 84 patients with cancer with varying degrees of hepatic impairment at imatinib doses ranging from 100 mg to 800 mg.


    Mild and moderate hepatic impairment do not influence exposure to imatinib and CGP74588. In patients with severe hepatic impairment, the imatinib Cmax and area under curve (AUC) increased by 63% and 45% and the CGP74588 Cmax and AUC increased by 56% and 55%, relative to patients with normal hepatic function [seeClinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Reduce the dose by 25% for patients with severe hepatic impairment [see Dosage and Administration (2.12)].


    Table 16: Liver Function Classification
    Liver Function Test
    		Normal
    (n=14)
    		Mild
    (n=30)
    		Moderate
    (n=20)
    		Severe
    (n=20)
    Total Bilirubin
    		less than or equal to ULN
    		greater than 1 to 1.5 times the ULN
    		greater than 1.5 to 3 times the ULN
    		greater than 3 to 10 times the ULN
    SGOT
    		less than or equal to ULN
    		greater than ULN (can be normal if Total Bilirubin is greater than ULN)
    		Any
    		Any

    ULN=upper limit of normal for the institution


    8.7 Renal Impairment

    The effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of imatinib was assessed in 59 patients with cancer and varying degrees of renal impairment at single and steady state imatinib doses ranging from 100 to 800 mg/day. The mean exposure to imatinib (dose normalized AUC) in patients with mild and moderate renal impairment increased 1.5- to 2- fold compared to patients with normal renal function. There are not sufficient data in patients with severe renal impairment [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Dose reductions are necessary for patients with moderate and severe renal impairment [see Dosage and Administration (2.12)].

    Table 17: Renal Function Classification
    Renal Dysfunction
    		Renal Function Tests
    Mild
    		CrCL = 40 to 59 mL/min
    Moderate
    		CrCL = 20 to 39 mL/min
    Severe
    		CrCL = less than 20 mL/min
    CrCL = Creatinine Clearance
  • 10 OVERDOSAGE

    Experience with doses greater than 800 mg is limited. Isolated cases of imatinib mesylate overdose have been reported. In the event of overdosage, observe the patient and give appropriate supportive treatment.

    Adult Overdose

    1,200 to 1,600 mg (duration varying between 1 to 10 days): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash erythema, edema, swelling, fatigue, muscle spasms, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia, abdominal pain, headache, decreased appetite.


    1,800 to 3,200 mg (as high as 3,200 mg daily for 6 days): Weakness, myalgia, increased CPK, increased bilirubin, gastrointestinal pain.


    6,400 mg (single dose): One case in the literature reported one patient who experienced nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, pyrexia, facial swelling, neutrophil count decreased, increase transaminases.


    8 to 10 g (single dose): Vomiting and gastrointestinal pain have been reported.


    A patient with myeloid blast crisis experienced Grade 1 elevations of serum creatinine, Grade 2 ascites and elevated liver transaminase levels, and Grade 3 elevations of bilirubin after inadvertently taking 1,200 mg of imatinib mesylate daily for 6 days. Therapy was temporarily interrupted and complete reversal of all abnormalities occurred within 1 week. Treatment was resumed at a dose of 400 mg daily without recurrence of adverse reactions. Another patient developed severe muscle cramps after taking 1,600 mg of imatinib mesylate daily for 6 days. Complete resolution of muscle cramps occurred following interruption of therapy and treatment was subsequently resumed. Another patient that was prescribed 400 mg daily, took 800 mg of imatinib mesylate on Day 1 and 1,200 mg on Day 2. Therapy was interrupted, no adverse reactions occurred and the patient resumed therapy.


    Pediatric Overdose

    One 3 year-old male exposed to a single dose of 400 mg experienced vomiting, diarrhea and anorexia and another 3 year-old male exposed to a single dose of 980 mg experienced decreased white blood cell count and diarrhea.

  • 11 DESCRIPTION

    Imatinib is a small molecule kinase inhibitor. Imatinib mesylate film-coated tablets contain imatinib mesylate equivalent to 100 mg or 400 mg of imatinib free base. Imatinib mesylate is designated chemically as 4-[(4-Methyl-­1-piperazinyl)methyl]-N-[4-methyl-3-[[4-(3-pyridinyl)-2-pyrimidinyl]amino]-phenyl]benzamide methanesulfonate and its structural formula is:
    imatinib-structure

    Imatinib mesylate is an off-white to creamish yellow crystalline powder. Its molecular formula is C29H31N7O CH4SO3 and its molecular weight is 589.7. Imatinib mesylate is soluble in aqueous buffers less than or equal to pH 5.5 but is very slightly soluble to insoluble in neutral/alkaline aqueous buffers. In non-aqueous solvents, the drug substance is freely soluble to very slightly soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide, methanol, and ethanol, but is insoluble in n-octanol, acetone, and acetonitrile.


    Inactive Ingredients: silicified microcrystalline cellulose, mannitol, copovidone, crospovidone, magnesium stearate, hypromellose, iron oxide yellow, polyethylene glycol, titanium dioxide, FD&C yellow # 6 aluminum lake and iron oxide red.


  • 12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

    12.1 Mechanism of Action

    Imatinib mesylate is a protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase, the constitutive abnormal tyrosine kinase created by the Philadelphia chromosome abnormality in CML. Imatinib inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in BCR-ABL positive cell lines as well as fresh leukemic cells from Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myeloid leukemia. Imatinib inhibits colony formation in assays using ex vivo peripheral blood and bone marrow samples from CML patients.


    In vivo, imatinib inhibits tumor growth of BCR-ABL transfected murine myeloid cells as well as BCR-ABL positive leukemia lines derived from CML patients in blast crisis.


    Imatinib is also an inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinases for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and stem cell factor (SCF), c-kit, and inhibits PDGF- and SCF-mediated cellular events.

    12.3 Pharmacokinetics

    The pharmacokinetics of imatinib mesylate have been evaluated in studies in healthy subjects and in population pharmacokinetic studies in over 900 patients.  

    Absorption and Distribution

    Imatinib is well absorbed after oral administration with Cmax achieved within 2 to 4 hours post-dose. Mean absolute bioavailability is 98%. Mean imatinib AUC increases proportionally with increasing doses ranging from 25 mg to 1,000 mg. There is no significant change in the pharmacokinetics of imatinib on repeated dosing, and accumulation is 1.5- to 2.5-fold at steady state when imatinib mesylate is dosed once-daily. At clinically relevant concentrations of imatinib, binding to plasma proteins in in vitro experiments is approximately 95%, mostly to albumin and α1-acid glycoprotein.
    Elimination     

    Metabolism

    CYP3A4 is the major enzyme responsible for metabolism of imatinib. Other cytochrome P450 enzymes, such as CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19, play a minor role in its metabolism. The main circulating active metabolite in humans is the N-demethylated piperazine derivative, formed predominantly by CYP3A4. It shows in vitro potency similar to the parent imatinib. The plasma AUC for this metabolite is about 15% of the AUC for imatinib. The plasma protein binding of N-demethylated metabolite CGP74588 is similar to that of the parent compound. Human liver microsome studies demonstrated that imatinib mesylate is a potent competitive inhibitor of CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4/5 with Ki values of 27, 7.5, and 8 µM, respectively.
    Excretion

    Imatinib elimination is predominately in the feces, mostly as metabolites. Based on the recovery of compound(s) after an oral 14C-labeled dose of imatinib, approximately 81% of the dose was eliminated within 7 days, in feces (68% of dose) and urine (13% of dose). Unchanged imatinib accounted for 25% of the dose (5% urine, 20% feces), the remainder being metabolites. 

    Following oral administration in healthy volunteers, the elimination half-lives of imatinib and its major active metabolite, the N-demethyl derivative (CGP74588), are approximately 18 and 40 hours, respectively. 

    Typically, clearance of imatinib in a 50-year-old patient weighing 50 kg is expected to be 8 L/h, while for a 50-year-old patient weighing 100 kg the clearance will increase to 14 L/h. The inter-patient variability of 40% in clearance does not warrant initial dose adjustment based on body weight and/or age but indicates the need for close monitoring for treatment-related toxicity.
    Specific Populations
    Hepatic Impairment

    The effect of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of both imatinib and its major metabolite, CGP74588, was assessed in 84 patients with cancer and varying degrees of hepatic impairment [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6)] at imatinib doses ranging from 100 mg to 800 mg. Exposure to both imatinib and CGP74588 was comparable between each of the mildly and moderately hepatically-impaired groups and the normal group. Patients with severe hepatic impairment tend to have higher exposure to both imatinib and its metabolite than patients with normal hepatic function. At steady state, the mean Cmax/dose and AUC/dose for imatinib increased by about 63% and 45%, respectively, in patients with severe hepatic impairment compared to patients with normal hepatic function. The mean Cmax/dose and AUC/dose for CGP74588 increased by about 56% and 55%, respectively, in patients with severe hepatic impairment compared to patients with normal hepatic function. Dose reductions are necessary for patients with severe hepatic impairment [see Dosage and Administration (2.12)].

    Renal Impairment

    The effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of imatinib was assessed in 59 cancer patients with varying degrees of renal impairment [see Use in Specific Populations (8.7)] at single and steady state imatinib doses ranging from 100 to 800 mg/day. The mean exposure to imatinib (dose normalized AUC) in patients with mild and moderate renal impairment increased 1.5- to 2-fold compared to patients with normal renal function. The AUCs did not increase for doses greater than 600 mg in patients with mild renal impairment. The AUCs did not increase for doses greater than 400 mg in patients with moderate renal impairment. Two patients with severe renal impairment were dosed with 100 mg/day and their exposures were similar to those seen in patients with normal renal function receiving 400 mg/day. Dose reductions are necessary for patients with moderate and severe renal impairment [see Dosage and Administration (2.12)]. 

    Pediatric Use

    As in adult patients, imatinib was rapidly absorbed after oral administration in pediatric patients, with a Cmax of 2 to 4 hours. Apparent oral clearance was similar to adult values (11.0 L/hr/m2 in children vs. 10.0 L/hr/m2 in adults), as was the half-life (14.8 hours in children vs. 17.1 hours in adults). Dosing in children at both 260 mg/m2 and 340 mg/m2 achieved an AUC similar to the 400 mg dose in adults. The comparison of AUC on Day 8 vs. Day 1 at 260 mg/m2 and 340 mg/m2 dose levels revealed a 1.5- and 2.2-fold drug accumulation, respectively, after repeated once-daily dosing. Mean imatinib AUC did not increase proportionally with increasing dose. 

    Based on pooled population pharmacokinetic analysis in pediatric patients with hematological disorders (CML, Ph+ ALL, or other hematological disorders treated with imatinib), clearance of imatinib increases with increasing body surface area (BSA). After correcting for the BSA effect, other demographics such as age, body weight and body mass index did not have clinically significant effects on the exposure of imatinib. The analysis confirmed that exposure of imatinib in pediatric patients receiving 260 mg/m2 once-daily (not exceeding 400 mg once-daily) or 340 mg/m2 once-daily (not exceeding 600 mg once-daily) were similar to those in adult patients who received imatinib 400 mg or 600 mg once-daily. 

    Drug Interactions

    Agents Inducing CYP3A Metabolism

    Pretreatment of healthy volunteers with multiple doses of rifampin followed by a single dose of imatinib mesylate, increased imatinib mesylate oral-dose clearance by 3.8-fold, which significantly (p less than 0.05) decreased mean Cmax and AUC. 

    Similar findings were observed in patients receiving 400 to 1,200 mg/day imatinib mesylate concomitantly with enzyme-inducing anti-epileptic drugs (EIAED) (e.g., carbamazepine, oxcarbamazepine, phenytoin, fosphenytoin, phenobarbital, and primidone). The mean dose normalized AUC for imatinib in the patients receiving EIAED’s decreased by 73% compared to patients not receiving EIAED. 

    Concomitant administration of imatinib mesylate and St. John’s Wort led to a 30% reduction in the AUC of imatinib. 

    Consider alternative therapeutic agents with less enzyme induction potential in patients when rifampin or other CYP3A4 inducers are indicated. Imatinib mesylate doses up to 1,200 mg/day (600 mg twice daily) have been given to patients receiving concomitant strong CYP3A4 inducers [see Dosage and Administration (2.12)]. 

    Agents Inhibiting CYP3A Metabolism

    There was a significant increase in exposure to imatinib (mean Cmax and AUC increased by 26% and 40%, respectively) in healthy subjects when imatinib mesylate was coadministered with a single dose of ketoconazole (a CYP3A4 inhibitor). Caution is recommended when administering imatinib mesylate with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole, clarithromycin, atazanavir, indinavir, nefazodone, nelfinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, telithromycin, and voriconazole). Grapefruit juice may also increase plasma concentrations of imatinib and should be avoided. 

    Interactions with Drugs Metabolized by CYP3A4

    Imatinib mesylate increases the mean Cmax and AUC of simvastatin (CYP3A4 substrate) 2- and 3.5-fold, respectively, suggesting an inhibition of the CYP3A4 by imatinib mesylate. Particular caution is recommended when administering imatinib mesylate with CYP3A4 substrates that have a narrow therapeutic window (e.g., alfentanil, cyclosporine, diergotamine, ergotamine, fentanyl, pimozide, quinidine, sirolimus or tacrolimus). 

    Imatinib mesylate will increase plasma concentration of other CYP3A4 metabolized drugs (e.g., triazolo-benzodiazepines, dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, certain HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, etc.). 

    Because warfarin is metabolized by CYP2C9 and CYP3A4, patients who require anticoagulation should receive low-molecular weight or standard heparin instead of warfarin. 

    Interactions with Drugs Metabolized by CYP2D6

    Imatinib mesylate increased the mean Cmax and AUC of metoprolol by approximately 23% suggesting that imatinib mesylate has a weak inhibitory effect on CYP2D6-mediated metabolism. No dose adjustment is necessary, however, caution is recommended when administering imatinib mesylate with CYP2D6 substrates that have a narrow therapeutic window.
    Interactions with Acetaminophen

    In vitro, imatinib mesylate inhibits the acetaminophen O-glucuronidate pathway (Ki 58.5 μM). Coadministration of imatinib mesylate (400 mg/day for 8 days) with acetaminophen (1,000 mg single dose on day 8) in patients with CML did not result in any changes in the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen. Imatinib mesylate pharmacokinetics were not altered in the presence of single-dose acetaminophen. There is no pharmacokinetic or safety data on the concomitant use of imatinib mesylate at doses greater than 400 mg/day or the chronic use of concomitant acetaminophen and imatinib mesylate.

  • 13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

    13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

    In the 2-year rat carcinogenicity study administration of imatinib at 15, 30, and 60 mg/kg/day resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the longevity of males at 60 mg/kg/day and females at greater than or equal to 30 mg/kg/day. Target organs for neoplastic changes were the kidneys (renal tubule and renal pelvis), urinary bladder, urethra, preputial and clitoral gland, small intestine, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands and non-glandular stomach. Neoplastic lesions were not seen at: 30 mg/kg/day for the kidneys, urinary bladder, urethra, small intestine, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands and non-glandular stomach, and 15 mg/kg/day for the preputial and clitoral gland. The papilloma/carcinoma of the preputial/clitoral gland were noted at 30 and 60 mg/kg/day, representing approximately 0.5 to 4 or 0.3 to 2.4 times the human daily exposure (based on AUC) at 400 mg/day or 800 mg/day, respectively, and 0.4 to 3 times the daily exposure in children (based on AUC) at 340 mg/m2. The renal tubule adenoma/carcinoma, renal pelvis transitional cell neoplasms, the urinary bladder and urethra transitional cell papillomas, the small intestine adenocarcinomas, the parathyroid glands adenomas, the benign and malignant medullary tumors of the adrenal glands and the non-glandular stomach papillomas/carcinomas were noted at 60 mg/kg/day. The relevance of these findings in the rat carcinogenicity study for humans is not known. Positive genotoxic effects were obtained for imatinib in an in vitro mammalian cell assay (Chinese hamster ovary) for clastogenicity (chromosome aberrations) in the presence of metabolic activation. Two intermediates of the manufacturing process, which are also present in the final product, are positive for mutagenesis in the Ames assay. One of these intermediates was also positive in the mouse lymphoma assay. Imatinib was not genotoxic when tested in an in vitro bacterial cell assay (Ames test), an in vitro mammalian cell assay (mouse lymphoma) and an in vivo rat micronucleus assay.


    In a study of fertility, male rats were dosed for 70 days prior to mating and female rats were dosed 14 days prior to mating and through to gestational Day 6. Testicular and epididymal weights and percent motile sperm were decreased at 60 mg/kg, approximately three-fourths the maximum clinical dose of 800 mg/day based on body surface area. This was not seen at doses less than or equal to 20 mg/kg (one-fourth the maximum human dose of 800 mg). The fertility of male and female rats was not affected.


    Fertility was not affected in the preclinical fertility and early embryonic development study although lower testes and epididymal weights as well as a reduced number of motile sperm were observed in the high dose males rats. In the preclinical pre- and postnatal study in rats, fertility in the first generation offspring was also not affected by imatinib mesylate.

    13.2 Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology

    Toxicities from Long-Term Use

    It is important to consider potential toxicities suggested by animal studies, specifically, liver, kidney, and cardiac toxicity and immunosuppression. Severe liver toxicity was observed in dogs treated for 2 weeks, with elevated liver enzymes, hepatocellular necrosis, bile duct necrosis, and bile duct hyperplasia. Renal toxicity was observed in monkeys treated for 2 weeks, with focal mineralization and dilation of the renal tubules and tubular nephrosis. Increased BUN and creatinine were observed in several of these animals. An increased rate of opportunistic infections was observed with chronic imatinib treatment in laboratory animal studies. In a 39   week monkey study, treatment with imatinib resulted in worsening of normally suppressed malarial infections   in these animals. Lymphopenia was observed in animals (as in humans). Additional long-term toxicities were identified in a 2-year rat study. Histopathological examination of the treated rats that died on study revealed cardiomyopathy (both sexes), chronic progressive nephropathy (females) and preputial gland papilloma as principal causes of death or reasons for sacrifice. Non-neoplastic lesions seen in this 2-year study which were not identified in earlier preclinical studies were the cardiovascular system, pancreas, endocrine organs and teeth. The most important changes included cardiac hypertrophy and dilatation, leading to signs of cardiac insufficiency in some animals.

  • 14 CLINICAL STUDIES

    14.1 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

    Chronic Phase, Newly Diagnosed:

    An open-label, multicenter, international randomized Phase 3 study (imatinib mesylate versus IFN+Ara-C) has been conducted in patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in chronic phase. This study compared treatment with either single-agent imatinib mesylate or a combination of interferon-alpha (IFN) plus cytarabine (Ara-C). Patients were allowed to cross over to the alternative treatment arm if they failed to show a complete hematologic response (CHR) at 6 months, a major cytogenetic response (MCyR) at 12 months, or if they lost a CHR or MCyR. Patients with increasing WBC or severe intolerance to treatment were also allowed to cross over to the alternative treatment arm with the permission of the study monitoring committee (SMC). In the imatinib mesylate arm, patients were treated initially with 400 mg daily. Dose escalations were allowed from 400 mg daily to 600 mg daily, then from 600 mg daily to 800 mg daily. In the IFN arm, patients were treated with a target dose of IFN of 5 MIU/m2/day subcutaneously in combination with subcutaneous Ara-C 20 mg/m2/day for 10 days/month.


    A total of 1,106 patients were randomized from 177 centers in 16 countries, 553 to each arm. Baseline characteristics were well balanced between the two arms. Median age was 51 years (range 18 to 70 years), with 21.9% of patients greater than or equal to 60 years of age. There were 59% males and 41% females; 89.9% Caucasian and 4.7% black patients. At the cut-off for this analysis (7 years after last patient had been recruited), the median duration of first-line treatment was 82 and 8 months in the imatinib mesylate and IFN arm, respectively. The median duration of second-line treatment with imatinib mesylate was 64 months. Sixty percent of patients randomized to imatinib mesylate are still receiving first-line treatment. In these patients, the average dose of imatinib mesylate was 403 mg ± 57 mg. Overall, in patients receiving first line imatinib mesylate, the average daily dose delivered was 406 mg ± 76 mg. Due to discontinuations and cross-overs, only 2% of patients randomized to IFN were still on first-line treatment. In the IFN arm, withdrawal of consent (14%) was the most frequent reason for discontinuation of first-line therapy, and the most frequent reason for cross over to the imatinib mesylate arm was severe intolerance to treatment (26%) and progression (14%).


    The primary efficacy endpoint of the study was progression-free survival (PFS). Progression was defined as any of the following events: progression to accelerated phase or blast crisis (AP/BC), death, loss of CHR or MCyR, or in patients not achieving a CHR an increasing WBC despite appropriate therapeutic management. The protocol specified that the progression analysis would compare the intent to treat (ITT) population: patients randomized to receive imatinib mesylate were compared with patients randomized to receive IFN. Patients that crossed over prior to progression were not censored at the time of cross-over, and events that occurred in these patients following cross-over were attributed to the original randomized treatment. The estimated rate of progression-free survival at 84 months in the ITT population was 81.2 % [95% CI: 78, 85] in the imatinib mesylate arm and 60.6 % [56, 65] in the IFN arm (p less than 0.0001, log-rank test), (Figure 1). With 7 years follow up there were 93 (16.8%) progression events in the imatinib mesylate arm: 37(6.7%) progression to AP/BC, 31(5.6%) loss of MCyR, 15 (2.7%) loss of CHR or increase in WBC and 10 (1.8%) CML unrelated deaths. In contrast, there were 165 (29.8%) events in the IFN+Ara-C arm of which 130 occurred during first-line treatment with IFN-Ara-C. The estimated rate of patients free of progression to accelerated phase (AP) or blast crisis (BC) at 84 months was 92.5% [90, 95] in the imatinib mesylate arm compared to the 85.1%, [82, 89] (p less than or equal to 0.001) in the IFN arm, (Figure 2). The annual rates of any progression events have decreased with time on therapy. The probability of remaining progression free at 60 months was 95% for patients who were in complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) with molecular response (greater than or equal to 3 log reduction in BCR-ABL transcripts as measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) at 12 months, compared to 89% for patients in complete cytogenetic response but without a major molecular response and 70% in patients who were not in complete cytogenetic response at this time point (p less than 0.001).

    Figure 1: Progression Free Survival (ITT Principle)

    spl-imatinib-fig1

    Figure 2: Time to Progression to AP or BC (ITT Principle)
    spl-imatinib-fig2

    A total of 71 (12.8%) and 85 (15.4%) patients died in the imatinib mesylate and IFN+Ara-C group, respectively. At 84 months the estimated overall survival is 86.4% (83, 90) vs. 83.3% (80, 87) in the randomized imatinib mesylate and the IFN+Ara-C group, respectively (p=0.073 log-rank test). The hazard ratio is 0.75 with 95% CI 0.547 to 1.028. This time-to-event endpoint may be affected by the high crossover rate from IFN+Ara-C to imatinib mesylate. Major cytogenetic response, hematologic response, evaluation of minimal residual disease (molecular response), time to accelerated phase or blast crisis and survival were main secondary endpoints. Response data are shown in Table 18. Complete hematologic response, major cytogenetic response and complete cytogenetic response were also statistically significantly higher in the imatinib mesylate arm compared to the IFN + Ara-C arm (no cross-over data considered for evaluation of responses). Median time to CCyR in the 454 responders was 6 months (range 2 to 64 months, 25th to 75th percentiles=3 to 11 months) with 10% of responses seen only after 22 months of therapy). 



    Table 18: Response in Newly Diagnosed CML Study (84-Month Data)
  • * Hematologic response criteria (all responses to be confirmed after greater than or equal to 4 weeks):- WBC less than 10x109/L, platelet less than 450x109/L, myelocyte + metamyelocyte less than 5% in blood, no blasts and promyelocytes in blood, no extramedullary involvement.
  • † p less than 0.001, Fischer’s exact test
  • ‡ Cytogenetic response criteria (confirmed after greater than or equal to 4 weeks): complete (0% Ph+ metaphases) or partial (1% to 35%). A major response (0% to 35%) combines both complete and partial responses.
  • § Unconfirmed cytogenetic response is based on a single bonemarrow cytogenetic evaluation; therefore unconfirmed complete or partial cytogenetic responses might have had a lesser cytogenetic response on a subsequent bonemarrow evaluation.
    		•
                  (Best Response Rate)                          
    		Imatinib Mesylate
    n=553
    		IFN+Ara−C
    n=553
    Hematologic Response*
    CHR Rate n (%)
    		534 (96.6%)†
    		313 (56.6%)†
    [95% CI]
    		[94.7%, 97.9%]
    		[52.4%, 60.8%]
    Cytogenetic Response‡
    Major Cytogenetic Response n (%)
    		472 (85.4 %)†
    		93 (16.8%)†
    [95% CI]
    		[82.1%, 88.2%]
    		[13.8%, 20.2%]
    Unconfirmed§
    		88.6%†
    		23.3%†
    Complete Cytogenetic Response n (%)
    		413 (74.7%)†
    		36 (6.5%)†
      [95% CI]                                                           
    		[70.8, 78.3]
    		[4.6, 8.9]
    Unconfirmed§
    		82.5%†
    		11.6%†

    Molecular response was defined as follows: in the peripheral blood, after 12 months of therapy, reduction of greater than or equal to 3 logarithms in the amount of BCR-ABL transcripts (measured by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR assay) over a standardized baseline. Molecular response was only evaluated in a subset of patients who had a complete cytogenetic response by 12 months or later (N=333). The molecular response rate in patients who had a complete cytogenetic response in the imatinib mesylate arm was 59% at 12 months and 72% at 24 months.


    Physical, functional, and treatment-specific biologic response modifier scales from the FACT-BRM (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Biologic Response Modifier) instrument were used to assess patient-reported general effects of interferon toxicity in 1,067 patients with CML in chronic phase. After one month of therapy to 6months of therapy, there was a 13% to 21% decrease in median index from baseline in patients treated with IFN, consistent with increased symptoms of IFN toxicity. There was no apparent change from baseline in median index for patients treated with imatinib mesylate.


    An open-label, multicenter, randomized trial (imatinib mesylate versus nilotinib) was conducted to determine the efficacy of imatinib mesylate versus nilotinib in adult patients with cytogenetically confirmed, newly diagnosed Ph+ CML-CP. Patients were within 6 months of diagnosis and were previously untreated for CML-CP, except for hydroxyurea and/or anagrelide. Efficacy was based on a total of 846 patients: 283 patients in the imatinib mesylate 400 mg once daily group, 282 patients in the nilotinib 300 mg twice daily group, 281 patients in the nilotinib 400 mg twice daily group.


    Median age was 46 years in the imatinib mesylate group and 47 years in both nilotinib groups, with 12%, 13%, and 10% of patients greater than or equal to 65 years of age in imatinib mesylate 400 mg once-daily, nilotinib 300 mg twice daily and nilotinib 400 mg twice daily treatment groups, respectively. There were slightly more male than female patients in all groups (56%, 56%, and 62% in imatinib mesylate 400 mg once-daily, nilotinib 300 mg twice-daily and nilotinib 400 mg twice-daily treatment groups, respectively). More than 60% of all patients were Caucasian, and 25% were Asian.


    The primary data analysis was performed when all 846 patients completed 12 months of treatment or discontinued earlier. Subsequent analyses were done when patients completed 24, 36, 48 and 60 months of treatment or discontinued earlier. The median time on treatment was approximately 61 months in all three treatment groups.


    The primary efficacy endpoint was major molecular response (MMR) at 12 months after the start of study medication. MMR was defined as less than or equal to 0.1% BCR-ABL/ABL % by international scale measured by RQ-PCR, which corresponds to a greater than or equal to 3 log reduction of BCR-ABL transcript from standardized baseline. Efficacy endpoints are summarized in Table 19.


    Twelve patients in the imatinib mesylate arm progressed to either accelerated phase or blast crises (7 patients within first 6 months, 2 patients within 6 to 12 months, 2 patients within 12 to 18 months and 1 patient within 18 to 24 months) while two patients on the nilotinib arm progressed to either accelerated phase or blast crisis (both within the first 6 months of treatment). 



    Table 19: Efficacy (MMR and CCyR) of Imatinib Mesylate Compared to Nilotinib in Newly Diagnosed Ph+ CML-CP
  • * CMH test stratified by Sokal risk group
  • † CCyR: 0% Ph+ metaphases. Cytogenetic responses were based on the percentage of Ph-positive metaphases among greater than or equal to 20 metaphase cells in each bone marrow sample.
    		•
     
    		imatinib mesylate400 mg once daily
    		nilotinib 300 mg twice daily
     
    		N=283
    		N=282
    MMR at 12 months (95% CI)
    		22% (17.6, 27.6)
    		44% (38.4, 50.3)
    P-Value*
    		<0.0001
    CCyR† by 12 months (95% CI)
    		65% (59.2, 70.6)
    		80% (75, 84.6)
    MMR at 24 months (95% CI)
    		38% (31.8, 43.4)
    		62% (55.8, 67.4)
    CCyR† by 24 months (95% CI)
    		77% (71.7, 81.8)
    		87% (82.4, 90.6)

    By the 60 months, MMR was achieved by 60% of patients on imatinib mesylate and 77% of patients on nilotinib.   Median overall survival was not reached in either arm. At the time of the 60-month final analysis, the estimated survival rate was 91.7% for patients on imatinib mesylate and 93.7% for patients on nilotinib.


    Late Chronic Phase CML and Advanced Stage CML: Three international, open-label, single-arm Phase 2 studies were conducted to determine the safety and efficacy of imatinib mesylate in patients with Ph+ CML: 1) in the chronic phase after failure of IFN therapy, 2) in accelerated phase disease, or 3) in myeloid blast crisis. About 45% of patients were women and 6% were black. In clinical studies, 38% to 40% of patients were greater than or equal to 60 years of age and 10% to 12% of patients were greater than or equal to 70 years of age.


    Chronic Phase, Prior Interferon-Alpha Treatment: 532 patients were treated at a starting dose of 400 mg; dose escalation to 600 mg was allowed. The patients were distributed in three main categories according to their response to prior interferon: failure to achieve (within 6 months), or loss of a complete hematologic response (29%), failure to achieve (within 1 year) or loss of a major cytogenetic response (35%), or intolerance to interferon (36%). Patients had received a median of 14 months of prior IFN therapy at doses greater than or equal to 25 x 106 IU/week and were all in late chronic phase, with a median time from diagnosis of 32 months. Effectiveness was evaluated on the basis of the rate of hematologic response and by bone marrow exams to assess the rate of major cytogenetic response (up to 35% Ph+ metaphases) or complete cytogenetic response (0% Ph+ metaphases). Median duration of treatment was 29 months with 81% of patients treated for greater than or equal to 24 months (maximum = 31.5 months). Efficacy results are reported in Table 20. Confirmed major cytogenetic response rates were higher in patients with IFN intolerance (66%) and cytogenetic failure (64%), than in patients with hematologic failure (47%). Hematologic response was achieved in 98% of patients with cytogenetic failure, 94% of patients with hematologic failure, and 92% of IFN-intolerant patients.


    Accelerated Phase: 235 patients with accelerated phase disease were enrolled. These patients met one or more of the following criteria: greater than or equal to 15% to less than 30% blasts in PB or BM; greater than or equal to 30% blasts + promyelocytes in PB or BM; greater than or equal to 20% basophils in PB; and less than 100 x 109/L platelets. The first 77 patients were started at 400 mg, with the remaining 158 patients starting at 600 mg.


    Effectiveness was evaluated primarily on the basis of the rate of hematologic response, reported as either complete hematologic response, no evidence of leukemia (i.e., clearance of blasts from the marrow and the blood, but without a full peripheral blood recovery as for complete responses), or return to chronic phase CML. Cytogenetic responses were also evaluated. Median duration of treatment was 18 months with 45% of patients treated for greater than or equal to 24 months (maximum=35 months). Efficacy results are reported in Table 20. Response rates in accelerated phase CML were higher for the 600 mg dose group than for the 400 mg group: hematologic response (75% vs. 64%), confirmed and unconfirmed major cytogenetic response (31% vs. 19%).


    Myeloid Blast Crisis: 260 patients with myeloid blast crisis were enrolled. These patients had greater than or equal to 30% blasts in PB or BM and/or extramedullary involvement other than spleen or liver; 95 (37%) had received prior chemotherapy for treatment of either accelerated phase or blast crisis (“pretreated patients”) whereas 165 (63%) had not (“untreated patients”). The first 37 patients were started at 400 mg; the remaining 223 patients were started at 600 mg.


    Effectiveness was evaluated primarily on the basis of rate of hematologic response, reported as either complete hematologic response, no evidence of leukemia, or return to chronic phase CML using the same criteria as for the study in accelerated phase. Cytogenetic responses were also assessed. Median duration of treatment was 4 months with 21% of patients treated for greater than or equal to 12 months and 10% for greater than or equal to 24 months (maximum=35 months). Efficacy results are reported in Table 20. The hematologic response rate was higher in untreated patients than in treated patients (36% vs. 22%, respectively) and in the group receiving an initial dose of 600 mg rather than 400 mg (33% vs. 16%). The confirmed and unconfirmed major cytogenetic response rate was also higher for the 600 mg dose group than for the 400 mg dose group (17% vs. 8%). 



    Table 20: Response in CML Studies
  • * Hematologic response criteria (all responses to be confirmed after greater than or equal to 4 weeks): CHR: Chronic phase study [WBC less than 10 x 109/L, platelet less than 450 x 109/L, myelocytes + metamyelocytes less than 5% in blood, no blasts and promyelocytes in blood, basophils less than 20%, no extramedullary involvement] and in the accelerated and blast crisis studies [ANC greater than or equal to 1.5 x 109/L, platelets greater than or equal to 100 x 109/L, no blood blasts, BM blasts less than 5% and no extramedullary disease]; NEL: Same criteria as for CHR but ANC greater than or equal to 1 x 109/L and platelets greater than or equal to 20 x 109/L (accelerated and blast crisis studies); RTC: less than 15% blasts BM and PB, less than 30% blasts + promyelocytes in BM and PB, less than 20% basophils in PB, no extramedullary disease other than spleen and liver (accelerated and blast crisis studies); BM=bone marrow, PB=peripheral blood.
  • † Cytogenetic response criteria (confirmed after greater than or equal to 4 weeks): complete (0% Ph+ metaphases) or partial (1% to 35%). A major response (0% to 35%) combines both complete and partial responses.
  • ‡ Unconfirmed cytogenetic response is based on a single bone marrow cytogenetic evaluation, therefore unconfirmed complete or partial cytogenetic responses might have had a lesser cytogenetic response on a subsequent bone marrow evaluation.
  • § Complete cytogenetic response confirmed by a second bone marrow cytogenetic evaluation performed at least 1 month after the initial bone marrow study. 
    		•
    Chronic Phase IFN Failure
    (n=532)
    400 mg
    		Accelerated Phase
    (n=235)
    600 mg n=158
    400 mg n=77
    		Myeloid Blast Crisis
    (n=260)
    600 mg n=223
    400 mg n=37
    % of patients [CI 95%]
    Hematologic Response *
    		95% [92.3 to 96.3]
    		71% [64.8 to 76.8]
    		31% [25.2 to 36.8]
    Complete Hematologic Response (CHR)
    		95%
    		38%
    		7%
    No Evidence of Leukemia (NEL)
    		Not applicable
    		13%
    		5%
    Return to Chronic Phase (RTC)
    		Not applicable
    		20%
    		18%
    Major Cytogenetic Response†
    		60% [55.3 to 63.8]
    		21%[16.2 to 27.1]
    		7% [4.5 to 11.2]
    (Unconfirmed)‡
    		(65%)
    		(27%)
    		(15%)
    Complete§
    (Unconfirmed)‡
    		39% (47%)
    		16% (20%)
    		2% (7%)

    The median time to hematologic response was 1 month. In late chronic phase CML, with a median time from diagnosis of 32 months, an estimated 87.8% of patients who achieved MCyR maintained their response 2 years after achieving their initial response. After 2 years of treatment, an estimated 85.4% of patients were free of progression to AP or BC, and estimated overall survival was 90.8% [88.3, 93.2]. In accelerated phase, median duration of hematologic response was 28.8 months for patients with an initial dose of 600 mg (16.5 months for 400 mg). An estimated 63.8% of patients who achieved MCyR were still in response 2 years after achieving initial response. The median survival was 20.9 [13.1, 34.4] months for the 400 mg group and was not yet reached for the 600 mg group (p=0.0097). An estimated 46.2% [34.7, 57.7] vs. 65.8% [58.4, 73.3] of patients were still alive after 2 years of treatment in the 400 mg vs. 600 mg dose groups, respectively. In blast crisis, the estimated median duration of hematologic response is 10 months. An estimated 27.2% [16.8, 37.7] of hematologic responders maintained their response 2 years after achieving their initial response. Median survival was 6.9 [5.8, 8.6] months, and an estimated 18.3% [13.4, 23.3] of all patients with blast crisis were alive 2 years after start of study.


    Efficacy results were similar in men and women and in patients younger and older than age 65. Responses were seen in black patients, but there were too few black patients to allow a quantitative comparison.

    14.2 Pediatric CML

    A total of 51 pediatric patients with newly diagnosed and untreated CML in chronic phase were enrolled in an open-label, multicenter, single-arm Phase 2 trial. Patients were treated with imatinib mesylate 340 mg/m2/day, with no interruptions in the absence of dose limiting toxicity. Complete hematologic response (CHR) was observed in 78% of patients after 8 weeks of therapy. The complete cytogenetic response rate (CCyR) was 65%, comparable to the results observed in adults. Additionally, partial cytogenetic response (PCyR) was observed in 16%. The majority of patients who achieved a CCyR developed the CCyR between months 3 and 10 with a median time to response based on the Kaplan-Meier estimate of 6.74 months. Patients were allowed to be removed from protocol therapy to undergo alternative therapy including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Thirty one children received stem cell transplantation. Of the 31 children, 5 were transplanted after disease progression on study and 1 withdrew from study during first week treatment and received transplant approximately 4 months after withdrawal. Twenty five children withdrew from protocol therapy to undergo stem cell transplant after receiving a median of 9 twenty-eight day courses (range 4 to 24). Of the 25 patients 13 (52%) had CCyR and 5 (20%) had PCyR at the end of protocol therapy.


    One open-label, single-arm study enrolled 14 pediatric patients with Ph+ chronic phase CML recurrent after stem cell transplant or resistant to interferon-alpha therapy. These patients had not previously received imatinib mesylate and ranged in age from 3 to 20 years old; 3 were 3 to 11 years old, 9 were 12 to 18 years old, and 2 were greater than 18 years old. Patients were treated at doses of 260 mg/m2/day (n=3), 340 mg/m2/day (n=4), 440 mg/m2/day (n=5) and 570 mg/m2/day (n=2). In the 13 patients for whom cytogenetic data are available, 4 achieved a major cytogenetic response, 7 achieved a complete cytogenetic response, and 2 had a minimal cytogenetic response.


    In a second study, 2 of 3 patients with Ph+ chronic phase CML resistant to interferon-alpha therapy achieved a complete cytogenetic response at doses of 242 and 257 mg/m2/day.

    14.3 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

    A total of 48 Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) patients with relapsed/refractory disease were studied, 43 of whom received the recommended imatinib mesylate dose of 600 mg/day. In addition 2 patients with relapsed/refractory Ph+ ALL received imatinib mesylate 600 mg/day in a Phase 1 study.


    Confirmed and unconfirmed hematologic and cytogenetic response rates for the 43 relapsed/refractory Ph+ALL Phase 2 study patients and for the 2 Phase 1 patients are shown in Table 21. The median duration of  hematologic response was 3.4 months and the median duration of MCyR was 2.3 months.



    Table 21: Effect of Imatinib Mesylate on Relapsed/Refractory Ph+ ALL
     
    		Phase 2 Study
    (N=43)
    n(%)
    		Phase 1 Study
    (N=2)
    n(%)
    CHR
    		8 (19)
    		2 (100)
    NEL
    		5 (12)
    		 
    RTC/PHR
    		11 (26)
    		 
    MCyR
    		15 (35)
    		 
    CCyR
    		9 (21)
    		 
    PCyR
    		6 (14)
    		 


    14.5 Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Diseases

    An open-label, multicenter, Phase 2 clinical trial was conducted testing imatinib mesylate in diverse populations of patients suffering from life-threatening diseases associated with Abl, Kit or PDGFR protein tyrosine kinases. This study included 7 patients with MDS/MPD. These patients were treated with imatinib mesylate 400 mg daily. The ages of the enrolled patients ranged from 20 to 86 years. A further 24 patients with MDS/MPD aged 2 to 79 years were reported in 12 published case reports and a clinical study. These patients also received imatinib mesylate at a dose of 400 mg daily with the exception of three patients who received lower doses. Of the total population of 31 patients treated for MDS/MPD, 14 (45%) achieved a complete hematological response and 12 (39%) a major cytogenetic response (including 10 with a complete cytogenetic response). Sixteen patients had a translocation, involving chromosome 5q33 or 4q12, resulting in a PDGFR gene re-arrangement. All of these patients responded hematologically (13 completely). Cytogenetic response was evaluated in 12 out of 14 patients, all of whom responded (10 patients completely). Only 1 (7%) out of the 14 patients without a translocation associated with PDGFR gene re-arrangement achieved a complete hematological response and none achieved a major cytogenetic response. A further patient with a PDGFR gene re-arrangement in molecular relapse after bone marrow transplant responded molecularly. Median duration of therapy was 12.9 months (0.8 to 26.7) in the 7 patients treated within the Phase 2 study and ranged between 1 week and more than 18 months in responding patients in the published literature. Results are provided in Table 22. Response durations of Phase 2 study patients ranged from 141+ days to 457+ days.


    Table 22: Response in MDS/MPD
  • * NE: Not Evaluable
    		•
    Number
    of patients
    N
    		Complete Hematologic
    Response
    n (%)
    		Major Cytogenetic
    Response
    n (%)
    Overall Population
    		31
    		14 (45)
    		12 (39)
    Chromosome 5 Translocation
    		14
    		11 (79)
    		11 (79)
    Chromosome 4 Translocation
    		2
    		2 (100)
    		1 (50)
    Others / no Translocation
    		14
    		1 (7)
    		0
    Molecular Relapse
    		1
    		NE*
    		NE*

    14.6 Aggressive Systemic Mastocytosis

    One open-label, multicenter, Phase 2 study was conducted testing imatinib mesylate in diverse populations of patients with life-threatening diseases associated with Abl, Kit or PDGFR protein tyrosine kinases. This study included 5 patients with ASM treated with 100 mg to 400 mg of imatinib mesylate daily. These 5 patients ranged from 49 to 74 years of age. In addition to these 5 patients, 10 published case reports and case series describe the use of imatinib mesylate in 23 additional patients with ASM aged 26 to 85 years who also received 100 mg to 400 mg of imatinib mesylate daily.

    Cytogenetic abnormalities were evaluated in 20 of the 28 ASM patients treated with imatinib mesylate from the published reports and in the Phase 2 study. Seven of these 20 patients had the FIP1L1-PDGFRα fusion kinase (or CHIC2 deletion). Patients with this cytogenetic abnormality were predominantly males and had eosinophilia associated with their systemic mast cell disease. Two patients had a Kit mutation in the juxtamembrane region (one Phe522Cys and one K509I) and four patients had a D816V c-Kit mutation (not considered sensitive to imatinib mesylate), one with concomitant CML.

    Of the 28 patients treated for ASM, 8 (29%) achieved a complete hematologic response and 9 (32%) a partial hematologic response (61% overall response rate). Median duration of imatinib mesylate therapy for the 5 ASM patients in the Phase 2 study was 13 months (range 1.4 to 22.3 months) and between 1 month and more than 30 months in the responding patients described in the published medical literature. A summary of the response rates to imatinib mesylate in ASM is provided in Table 23. Response durations of literature patients ranged from 1+ to 30+ months.

    Table 23: Response in ASM
  • * Patient had concomitant CML and ASM
    		•
    Cytogenetic Abnormality
    		Number of
    Patients
    N
    		Complete Hematologic
    Response
    N (%)
    		Partial Hematologic
    Response
    N (%)
    FIP1L1-PDGFRα Fusion Kinase (or CHIC2 Deletion)
    		7
    		7(100)
    		0
    Juxtamembrane Mutation
    		2
    		0
    		2 (100)
    Unknown or No Cytogenetic Abnormality Detected
    		15
    		0
    		7 (44)
    D816V Mutation
    		4
    		1* (25)
    		0
    Total
    		28
    		8 (29)
    		9 (32)

    Imatinib mesylate has not been shown to be effective in patients with less aggressive forms of systemic mastocytosis (SM). Imatinib mesylate is therefore not recommended for use in patients with cutaneous mastocytosis, indolent systemic mastocytosis (smoldering SM or isolated bone marrow mastocytosis), SM with an associated clonal hematological non-mast cell lineage disease, mast cell leukemia, mast cell sarcoma or extracutaneous mastocytoma. Patients that harbor the D816V mutation of c-Kit are not sensitive to imatinib mesylate and should not receive imatinib mesylate.

    14.7 Hypereosinophilic Syndrome/Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia

    One open-label, multicenter, Phase 2 study was conducted testing imatinib mesylate in diverse populations of patients with life-threatening diseases associated with Abl, Kit or PDGFR protein tyrosine kinases. This study included 14 patients with Hypereosinophilic Syndrome/Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia (HES/CEL). HES patients were treated with 100 mg to 1,000 mg of imatinib mesylate daily. The ages of these patients ranged from 16 to 64 years. A further 162 patients with HES/CEL aged 11 to 78 years were reported in 35 published case reports and case series. These patients received imatinib mesylate at doses of 75 mg to 800 mg daily. Hematologic response rates are summarized in Table 24. Response durations for literature patients ranged from 6+ weeks to 44 months.



    Table 24: Response in HES/CEL
    Cytogenetic Abnormality
    		Number of Patients
    		Complete Hematological
    Response
    N (%)
    		Partial Hematological
    Response
    N (%)
    Positive FIP1L1-PDGFRα Fusion Kinase
    		61
    		61 (100)
    		0
    Negative FIP1L1-PDGFRα Fusion Kinase
    		56
    		12 (21)
    		9 (16)
    Unknown Cytogenetic Abnormality
    		59
    		34 (58)
    		7 (12)
    Total
    		176
    		107 (61)
    		23 (13)

    14.8 Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans

    Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans (DFSP) is a cutaneous soft tissue sarcoma. It is characterized by a translocation of chromosomes 17 and 22 that results in the fusion of the collagen type 1 alpha 1 gene and the PDGF B gene.


    An open-label, multicenter, Phase 2 study was conducted testing imatinib mesylate in a diverse population of patients with life-threatening diseases associated with Abl, Kit or PDGFR protein tyrosine kinases. This study included 12 patients with DFSP who were treated with imatinib mesylate 800 mg daily (age range 23 to 75 years). DFSP was metastatic, locally recurrent following initial surgical resection and not considered amenable to further surgery at the time of study entry. A further 6 DFSP patients treated with imatinib mesylate are reported in 5 published case reports, their ages ranging from 18 months to 49 years. The total population treated for DFSP therefore comprises 18 patients, 8 of them with metastatic disease. The adult patients reported in the published literature were treated with either 400 mg (4 cases) or 800 mg (1 case) imatinib mesylate daily. A single pediatric patient received 400 mg/m2/daily, subsequently increased to 520 mg/m2/daily. Ten patients had the PDGF B gene rearrangement, 5 had no available cytogenetics and 3 had complex cytogenetic abnormalities. Responses to treatment are described in Table 25.



    Table 25: Response in DFSP
  • * 5 patients made disease free by surgery
    		•
    Number of Patients (n=18)
    		%
    Complete Response
    		7
    		39
    Partial Response*
    		8
    		44
    Total Responders
    		15
    		83

    Twelve of these 18 patients either achieved a complete response (7 patients) or were made disease free by surgery after a partial response (5 patients, including one child) for a total complete response rate of 67%. A further 3 patients achieved a partial response, for an overall response rate of 83%. Of the 8 patients with metastatic disease, five responded (62%), three of them completely (37%). For the 10 study patients with the PDGF B gene rearrangement, there were 4 complete and 6 partial responses. The median duration of response in the Phase 2 study was 6.2 months, with a maximum duration of 24.3 months, while in the published literature it ranged between 4 weeks and more than 20 months.

  • 15 REFERENCES

    1. OSHA Hazardous Drugs. OSHA. [Accessed on 20-September- 2013, from

    http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/hazardousdrugs/index.html]

  • 16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING

    Each film-coated tablet contains 100 mg or 400 mg of imatinib free base. 


    100 mg Tablets

    Yellow, circular, biconvex, film-coated tablet debossed with “472” on one side and breakline on the other side. 


    Bottles of 30 (Child resistant closure) ………………           NDC: 47335-472-83

    Bottles of 90 (Child resistant closure) ……………  .           NDC: 47335-472-81
    Bottles of 100 (Child resistant closure) ……………..           NDC: 47335-472-88

    Bottles of 500 (Non Child resistant closure) ………..           NDC: 47335-472-13


    400 mg Tablets

    Yellow, ovaloid shaped, biconvex, film-coated tablet debossed with “475” on one side and breakline on the other side. 


    Bottles of 30 (Child resistant closure) ………………           NDC: 47335-475-83

    Bottles of 100 (Child resistant closure) ……………..           NDC: 47335-475-88

    Bottles of 500 (Non Child resistant closure) ………..           NDC: 47335-475-13

     Storage and Handling

    Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F); excursions permitted between 15° and 30°C (59° and 86°F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Protect from moisture.


    Dispense in a tight container, USP.

    Do not crush imatinib mesylate tablets. Avoid direct contact of crushed tablets with the skin or mucous membranes. If such contact occurs, wash thoroughly as outlined in the references. Avoid exposure to crushed tablets.

  • 17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION

    Dosing and Administration

    Advise patients to take imatinib mesylate tablets exactly as prescribed, not to change their dose or to stop taking imatinib mesylate tablets unless they are told to do so by their doctor. If the patient missed a dose of imatinib mesylate tablets, the patient should take the next scheduled dose at its regular time. The patient should not take two doses at the same time. Advise patients to take imatinib mesylate tablets with a meal and a large glass of water [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)]. 

    Fluid Retention and Edema

    Inform patients of the possibility of developing edema and fluid retention. Advise patients to contact their health care provider if unexpected rapid weight gain occurs [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].

    Hepatotoxicity

    Inform patients of the possibility of developing liver function abnormalities and serious hepatic toxicity. Advise patients to immediately contact their health care provider if signs of liver failure occur, including jaundice, anorexia, bleeding or bruising [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]. 

    Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

    Advise patients to inform their doctor if they are or think they may be pregnant. Advise women of reproductive potential to avoid becoming pregnant while taking imatinib mesylate tablets. Female patients of reproductive potential taking imatinib mesylate tablets should use highly effective contraception during treatment and for fourteen days after stopping treatment with imatinib mesylate tablets [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3)]. Avoid breastfeeding during treatment and for 1 month after the last dose [see Use in Specific Populations (8.2)]. 

    Drug Interactions

    Imatinib mesylate tablets and certain other medicines such as warfarin, erythromycin, and phenytoin, including over-the-counter medications such as herbal products, can interact with each other. Advise patients to tell their doctor if they are taking or plan to take iron supplements. Avoid grapefruit juice and other foods known to inhibit CYP3A4 while taking imatinib mesylate tablets [see Drug Interactions (7)]. 

    Pediatric

    Advise patients that growth retardation has been reported in children and pre-adolescents receiving imatinib mesylate tablets.  The long term effects of prolonged treatment with imatinib mesylate tablets on growth in children are unknown. Therefore, closely monitor growth in children under imatinib mesylate tablets treatment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11)]. 

    Driving and Using Machines

    Advise patients that they may experience side effects such as dizziness, blurred vision or somnolence during treatment with imatinib mesylate tablets. Therefore, caution patients about driving a car or operating machinery [see Warnings and Precautions (5.13)]. 

    Manufactured and Distributed by:
    Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc.
    Cranbury, NJ 08512

    5188713

    ISS. 09/2018

  • PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL

    Principal Display Panel -Label - 100 mg
    NDC: 47335-472-81
    Imatinib Mesylate Tablets
    100 mg*
    Rx only
    90 Tablets
    SUN PHARMA

    spl-imatinib-100

    Principal Display Panel -Label - 400 mg
    NDC: 47335-475-83
    Imatinib Mesylate Tablets
    400 mg*
    Rx only
    30 Tablets
    SUN PHARMA
    spl-imatinib-400

  • PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL

    NDC: 47335-472-81
    Imatinib Mesylate Tablets
    100 mg*
    Rx only
    90 Tablets
    SUN PHARMA



    spl-imatinib-100-mg


    NDC: 47335-475-83
    Imatinib Mesylate Tablets
    400 mg*
    Rx only
    30 Tablets
    SUN PHARMA


    spl-imatinib-400-mg
  • INGREDIENTS AND APPEARANCE
    IMATINIB MESYLATE 
    imatinib mesylate tablet, film coated
    Product Information
    Product TypeHUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUGItem Code (Source)NDC: 47335-472
    Route of AdministrationORAL
    Active Ingredient/Active Moiety
    Ingredient NameBasis of StrengthStrength
    IMATINIB MESYLATE (UNII: 8A1O1M485B) (IMATINIB - UNII:BKJ8M8G5HI) IMATINIB100 mg
    Inactive Ingredients
    Ingredient NameStrength
    MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE (UNII: OP1R32D61U)  
    MANNITOL (UNII: 3OWL53L36A)  
    COPOVIDONE K25-31 (UNII: D9C330MD8B)  
    CROSPOVIDONE (120 .MU.M) (UNII: 68401960MK)  
    MAGNESIUM STEARATE (UNII: 70097M6I30)  
    HYPROMELLOSE, UNSPECIFIED (UNII: 3NXW29V3WO)  
    FERRIC OXIDE YELLOW (UNII: EX438O2MRT)  
    POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL, UNSPECIFIED (UNII: 3WJQ0SDW1A)  
    TITANIUM DIOXIDE (UNII: 15FIX9V2JP)  
    FD&C YELLOW NO. 6 (UNII: H77VEI93A8)  
    FERRIC OXIDE RED (UNII: 1K09F3G675)  
    Product Characteristics
    ColorYELLOWScore2 pieces
    ShapeROUND (circular) Size9mm
    FlavorImprint Code 472
    Contains    
    Packaging
    #Item CodePackage DescriptionMarketing Start DateMarketing End Date
    1NDC: 47335-472-8330 in 1 BOTTLE; Type 0: Not a Combination Product02/01/2016
    2NDC: 47335-472-88100 in 1 BOTTLE; Type 0: Not a Combination Product02/01/2016
    3NDC: 47335-472-13500 in 1 BOTTLE; Type 0: Not a Combination Product02/01/2016
    4NDC: 47335-472-8190 in 1 BOTTLE; Type 0: Not a Combination Product02/01/2016
    Marketing Information
    Marketing CategoryApplication Number or Monograph CitationMarketing Start DateMarketing End Date
    ANDAANDA07834002/01/2016
    IMATINIB MESYLATE 
    imatinib mesylate tablet, film coated
    Product Information
    Product TypeHUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUGItem Code (Source)NDC: 47335-475
    Route of AdministrationORAL
    Active Ingredient/Active Moiety
    Ingredient NameBasis of StrengthStrength
    IMATINIB MESYLATE (UNII: 8A1O1M485B) (IMATINIB - UNII:BKJ8M8G5HI) IMATINIB400 mg
    Inactive Ingredients
    Ingredient NameStrength
    MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE (UNII: OP1R32D61U)  
    MANNITOL (UNII: 3OWL53L36A)  
    COPOVIDONE K25-31 (UNII: D9C330MD8B)  
    CROSPOVIDONE (120 .MU.M) (UNII: 68401960MK)  
    MAGNESIUM STEARATE (UNII: 70097M6I30)  
    HYPROMELLOSE, UNSPECIFIED (UNII: 3NXW29V3WO)  
    FERRIC OXIDE YELLOW (UNII: EX438O2MRT)  
    POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL, UNSPECIFIED (UNII: 3WJQ0SDW1A)  
    TITANIUM DIOXIDE (UNII: 15FIX9V2JP)  
    FD&C YELLOW NO. 6 (UNII: H77VEI93A8)  
    FERRIC OXIDE RED (UNII: 1K09F3G675)  
    Product Characteristics
    ColorYELLOWScore2 pieces
    ShapeOVAL (ovaloid) Size20mm
    FlavorImprint Code 475
    Contains    
    Packaging
    #Item CodePackage DescriptionMarketing Start DateMarketing End Date
    1NDC: 47335-475-8330 in 1 BOTTLE; Type 0: Not a Combination Product02/01/2016
    2NDC: 47335-475-88100 in 1 BOTTLE; Type 0: Not a Combination Product02/01/2016
    3NDC: 47335-475-13500 in 1 BOTTLE; Type 0: Not a Combination Product02/01/2016
    Marketing Information
    Marketing CategoryApplication Number or Monograph CitationMarketing Start DateMarketing End Date
    ANDAANDA07834002/01/2016
    Labeler - Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc. (146974886)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited725959238ANALYSIS(47335-472, 47335-475) , MANUFACTURE(47335-472, 47335-475)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc.146974886ANALYSIS(47335-472, 47335-475) , MANUFACTURE(47335-472, 47335-475)
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