CARDIOPLEGIC- calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium chloride and sodium chloride solution
Cardioplegic by
Drug Labeling and Warnings
Cardioplegic by is a Prescription medication manufactured, distributed, or labeled by Baxter Healthcare Corporation. Drug facts, warnings, and ingredients follow.
Drug Details [pdf]
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DESCRIPTION
Baxter Cardioplegic Solution is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, essentially isotonic, formulation of electrolytes in Water for Injection, USP. It is a “core solution” intended for use only after addition of sodium bicarbonate to adjust pH prior to administration. After buffering with sodium bicarbonate it is suitable for cardiac instillation (usually with hypothermia) to induce arrest during open heart surgery. Other agents may be added to the solution prior to instillation. (See INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE.)
Each 100 mL of solution contains Calcium Chloride Dihydrate USP 17.6 mg, Magnesium Chloride, Hexahydrate USP 325.3 mg, Potassium Chloride USP 119.3 mg, and Sodium Chloride USP 643 mg, in Water for Injection, USP. May contain HCl and/or NaOH for pH adjustment. Electrolyte content per liter (not including ions for pH adjustment): Sodium (Na+) 110 mEq; Magnesium (Mg++) 32 mEq; Potassium (K+) 16 mEq; Calcium (Ca++) 2.4 mEq; Chloride (Cl-) 160 mEq. Osmolar concentration, 304 mOsmol/liter (calc.); pH 3.8 (3.5 to 3.9) prior to sodium bicarbonate addition.
It is required that 10 mL (840 mg) of 8.4% Sodium Bicarbonate Injection, USP (10 mEq each of sodium and bicarbonate) be added aseptically and thoroughly mixed with each 1000 mL of cardioplegic solution to adjust pH. Use 10 mL of Hospira1 List 4900, 8.4% Sodium Bicarbonate Injection, USP, to achieve the approximate pH of 7.8 when measured at room temperature. Use of any other Sodium Bicarbonate Injection may not achieve this pH due to the varying pH’s of Sodium Bicarbonate Injections. Due to its inherent instability with other components, sodium bicarbonate must be added just prior to administration. After this addition, the solution must be stored under refrigeration and be used within 24 hours. The buffered admixture contains the following electrolytes (per liter): Na+ 120 mEq, Mg++ 32 mEq, K+ 16 mEq, Ca++ 2.4 mEq, Cl- 160 mEq and bicarbonate (HCO3-) 10 mEq; osmolar concentration, 324 mOsmol/liter (calc.); pH 7.8 (approx.). If other agents are added, these values may be altered. The solution contains no bacteriostat, or antimicrobial agent and is intended only for use (after adjusting pH with sodium bicarbonate) in a single operative procedure. When smaller amounts are required, the unused portion should be discarded. Cardioplegic solution with added sodium bicarbonate used as a coronary artery infusate induces cardiac arrest, combats ischemic ionic disturbances, buffers ischemic acidosis and protects energy sources for functional recovery after ischemia.
Calcium Chloride, USP is chemically designated calcium chloride, dihydrate (CaCl2 2 H2O), white fragments or granules freely soluble in water.
Magnesium Chloride, USP is chemically designated magnesium chloride, hexahydrate (MgCl2 6 H2O), deliquescent flakes or crystals very soluble in water.
Potassium Chloride, USP is chemically designated KCl, a white granular powder freely soluble in water.
Sodium Chloride, USP is chemically designated NaCl, a white crystalline powder freely soluble in water.
Water for Injection, USP is chemically designated H2O.
The flexible plastic container is fabricated from a specially formulated polyvinyl chloride. Water can permeate from inside the container into the overwrap but not in amounts sufficient to affect the solution significantly. Solutions in contact with the plastic container may leach out certain chemical components from the plastic in very small amounts; however, biological testing was supportive of the safety of the plastic container materials. Exposure to temperatures above 25°C/77°F during transport and storage will lead to minor losses in moisture content. Higher temperatures lead to greater losses. It is unlikely that these minor losses will lead to clinically significant changes within the expiration period.
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CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
Cardioplegic solution with added sodium bicarbonate when cooled and instilled into the coronary artery vasculature, causes prompt arrest of cardiac electromechanical activity, combats intracellular ion losses and buffers ischemic acidosis. When used with hypothermia and ischemia, the action may be characterized as cold ischemic potassium-induced cardioplegia.
This is conducive to providing the surgeon with a quiet, relaxed heart and bloodless field of operation.
Calcium (Ca++) ion in low concentration is included in the solution to maintain integrity of cell membrane to ensure that there is no likelihood of calcium paradox during reperfusion.
Magnesium (Mg++) ion may help stabilize the myocardial membrane by inhibiting a myosin phosphorylase, which protects adenosine triphosphate (ATP) reserves for postischemic activity. The protective effects of magnesium and potassium have been shown to be additive.
Potassium (K+) ion concentration is responsible for prompt cessation of mechanical myocardial contractile activity. The immediacy of the arrest thus preserves energy supplies for postischemic contractile activity in diastole.
The chloride (Cl-) and sodium (Na+) ions have no specific role in the production of cardiac arrest. Sodium is essential to maintain ionic integrity of myocardial tissue. The chloride ions are present to maintain the electroneutrality of the solution.
Added bicarbonate (HCO3-) anion is included as a buffer to render the solution slightly alkaline and compensate for the metabolic acidosis that accompanies ischemia.
Extemporaneous alternative buffering to the described formulation of this solution is not recommended.
- INDICATIONS AND USAGE
- CONTRAINDICATIONS
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WARNINGS
This solution should be used only by those trained to perform open heart surgery. This solution is intended only for use during cardiopulmonary bypass when the coronary circulation is isolated from the systemic circulation. (See INDICATIONS AND USAGE.)
Do not instill the solution into the coronary vasculature unless sodium bicarbonate has been added. If large volumes of cardioplegic solution are infused and allowed to return to the heart lung machine without any venting from the right heart, then plasma magnesium and potassium levels may rise. Development of severe hypotension and metabolic acidosis while on bypass has been reported when large volumes (8 to 10 liters) of solution are instilled and allowed to enter the pump and then the systemic circulation. Right heart venting is therefore recommended. The buffered solution with added sodium bicarbonate should be cooled to 4°C prior to administration and used within 24 hours of mixing.
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PRECAUTIONS
Myocardial temperature should be monitored during surgery to maintain hypothermia.
Continuous electrocardiogram monitoring is essential to detect changes in myocardial activity during the procedure.
Appropriate equipment to defibrillate the heart following cardioplegia should be readily available.
Inotropic support drugs should be available during postoperative recovery.
Do not administer unless solution is clear and container is undamaged.
Discard unused portion.
Drug Interactions
Additives may be incompatible. Consult with pharmacist, if available. When introducing additives, use aseptic technique, mix thoroughly and do not store. (See INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE.)
Pregnancy
Category C
Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Cardioplegic Solution. It is also not known whether this solution can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity.
Cardioplegic Solution should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.
Pediatric Use
Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established. Because of differences in structure, function, and metabolism, clinical myocardial protection strategies and Cardioplegia solutions that are effective in adult hearts may be less effective in the immature heart.
Geriatric Use
Clinical studies of cardioplegic solution did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they responded differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between older and younger patients.
In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosage range reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease.
This product is unique in that there is no hepatic or renal excretion and specific adjustments for dosing in the elderly are not known.
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ADVERSE REACTIONS
Intraoperative and perioperative potential hazards of open heart surgery include myocardial infarction, electrocardiographic abnormalities, and arrhythmias, including ventricular fibrillation. Spontaneous recovery after cardioplegic cardiac arrest may be delayed or absent when circulation is restored. Defibrillation by electric shock may be required to restore normal cardiac function.
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OVERDOSAGE
Overzealous instillation of the solution may result in unnecessary dilatation of the myocardial vasculature and leakage into the perivascular myocardium, possibly causing tissue edema. (See WARNINGS, PRECAUTIONS, and ADVERSE REACTIONS.)
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DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
The following information is suggested as a guide and is subject to variation according to the preference and experience of the surgeon. It is required that 10 mL (840 mg) of 8.4% Sodium Bicarbonate Injection, USP (10 mEq each of sodium and bicarbonate) be added aseptically and thoroughly mixed with each 1000 mL of cardioplegic solution to adjust pH. Use 10 mL of Hospira1 List 4900, 8.4% Sodium Bicarbonate Injection, USP, to achieve the approximate pH of 7.8 when measured at room temperature. Use of any other Sodium Bicarbonate Injection may not achieve this pH due to the varying pH’s of Sodium Bicarbonate Injections. Due to its inherent instability with other components, sodium bicarbonate must be added just prior to administration. After this addition, the solution must be used within 24 hours. The solution should be cooled to 4°C prior to use. Following institution of cardiopulmonary bypass at perfusate temperatures of 28° to 30°C, and after cross-clamping of the ascending aorta, the buffered solution is administered by rapid infusion into the aortic root. The initial rate of infusion may be 300 mL/m2/minute (about 540 mL/min in a 5’ 8”, 70 kg adult with 1.8 square meters of surface area) given for a period of two to four minutes. Concurrent external cooling (regional hypothermia of the pericardium) may be accomplished by instilling a refrigerated (4°C) physiologic solution such as a Normosol®2 -R (balanced electrolyte replacement solution) or Ringer's Injection into the chest cavity.
Should myocardial electromechanical activity persist or recur, the solution may be reinfused at a rate of 300 mL/m2/min for a period of two minutes. Reinfusion of the solution may be repeated every 20 to 30 minutes or sooner if myocardial temperature rises above 15° to 20°C or returning cardiac activity is observed. The regional hypothermia solution around the heart also may be replenished continuously or periodically in order to maintain adequate hypothermia. Suction may be used to remove warmed infusates. An implanted thermistor probe may be used to monitor myocardial temperature.
The volumes of solution instilled into the aortic root may vary depending on the duration or type of open heart surgical procedure.
Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. (See PRECAUTIONS.)
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INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
To Open
Tear outer wrap at notch and remove solution container. Visually inspect the container. If the outlet port protector is damaged, detached, or not present, discard container as solution path sterility may be impaired. If supplemental medication is desired, follow directions below before preparing for administration. Some opacity of the plastic due to moisture absorption during the sterilization process may be observed. This is normal and does not affect the solution quality or safety. The opacity will diminish gradually. To add 10 mL of 8.4% Sodium Bicarbonate Injection, USP, Hospira1 List 4900, and other supplemental medication, follow directions below before preparing for administration.
To Add Medication
- 1. Prepare additive port.
- 2. Using aseptic technique and an additive delivery needle of appropriate length, puncture resealable additive port at target area, inner diaphragm and inject. Withdraw needle after injecting medication.
- 3. The additive port may be protected by covering with an additive cap.
- 4. Mix container contents thoroughly.
Preparation for Administration
(Use aseptic technique)
- 1. Close flow control clamp of administration set.
- 2. Remove cover from outlet port at bottom of container.
- 3. Insert piercing pin of administration set into port with a twisting motion until the set is firmly seated. NOTE: See full directions on administration set carton.
- 4. Suspend container from hanger.
- 5. Squeeze and release drip chamber to establish proper fluid level in chamber.
- 6. Attach aortic infusion device to set.
- 7. Open flow control clamp to expel air from set and aortic infusion device. Close clamp.
- 8. Position aortic infusion device to introduce solution into aortic root.
- 9. Regulate rate of administration with flow control clamp.
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HOW SUPPLIED
Baxter Cardioplegic Solution is supplied (without sodium bicarbonate) in a single-dose 1000 mL flexible plastic container as follows:
2B1462 NDC: 0338-0341-04
WARNING: Do not use flexible container in series connections.
Exposure of pharmaceutical products to heat should be minimized. Avoid excessive heat. Protect from freezing. It is recommended that the product be stored at room temperature (25°C); however, brief exposure up to 40°C does not adversely affect the product.
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PACKAGE LABELING - PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL
Container Label
LOT
EXP2B1462
NDC: 0338-0341-04
Cardioplegic Solution
FOR CARDIAC PERFUSIONW A R N I N G :
NOT FOR INTRAVENOUS
INJECTIONCAUTION USE ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE ADDITION OF 10 ML OF
8.4% SODIUM BICARBONATE INJECTION USP
ABBOTT LIST 4900 IS REQUIRED PRIOR TO USAGE TO
ADJUST THE pH TO APPROXIMATELY 7.8 AT ROOM
TEMPERATURE (SEE INSERT) MIX THOROUGHLY
AFFIX ADDITIVE LABEL OVER LABEL ON FLEXIBLE CONTAINER1000 mL
EACH 100 mL CONTAINS SODIUM CHLORIDE USP 643 mg
MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE USP 325.3 mg
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE USP 119.3 mg CALCIUM CHLORIDE
DIHYDRATE USP 17.6 mg MAY CONTAIN HCI AND/OR NAOH FOR pH
ADJUSTMENT 304 mOsmol/L (CALC) pH 3.8 (3.5-3.9) PRIOR TO
SODIUM BICARBONATE ADDITION ELECTROLYTES PER 1000 mL (NOT
INCLUDING IONS FOR pH ADJUSTMENT) SODIUM 110 mEq
MAGNESIUM 32 mEq POTASSIUM 16 mEq CALCIUM 2.4 mEq
CHLORIDE 160 mEq STERILE NONPYROGENICDO NOT REMOVE FROM OVERWRAP UNTIL READY FOR USE
AFTER REMOVING THE OVERWRAP CHECK FOR MINUTE LEAKS BY
SQUEEZING CONTAINER FIRMLY IF LEAKS ARE FOUND DISCARD SOLUTION
AS STERILITY MAY BE IMPAIRED RECOMMENDED STORAGE ROOM
TEMPERATURE (25°C) AVOID EXCESSIVE HEAT PROTECT FROM
FREEZING STORE SOLUTION CONTAINING BICARBONATE UNDER
REFRIGERATION DO NOT STORE LONGER THAN 24 HOURS ADDITIVES
MAY BE INCOMPATIBLE CONSULT WITH PHARMACIST IF AVAILABLE
WHEN INTRODUCING ADDITIVES USE ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE
MIX THOROUGHLY AND DO NOT STORE USE ONLY IF SOLUTION IS CLEAR
AND CONTAINER IS UNDAMAGED USUAL DOSAGE SEE INSERT
MUST NOT BE USED IN SERIES CONNECTIONSRx ONLY
VIAFLEX CONTAINER PL 146 PLASTIC
BAXTER VIAFLEX AND PL 146 ARE TRADEMARKS
OF BAXTER INTERNATIONAL INCBaxter logo
BAXTER HEALTHCARE CORPORATION
DEERFIELD IL 60015 USAMADE IN USA
FOR PRODUCT INFORMATION
1-800-933-0303
Carton Label - panel 1
2B1462X
CARDIOPLEGIC SOLUTION14-1000 ML
Viaflex container
Protect from freezingBAR CODE
(01)50303380341042
(21)NNNNNNNNN
(17)YYMMDD
(10)XXXXXXXEXP YYYY-MM-DD
LOT XXXXXXXBAR CODE
(01)50303380341042 (21)NNNNNNNNN (17)YYMMDD (10) XXXXXXX2B1462X
CARDIOPLEGIC SOLUTION14 – 1000 ML
Viaflex container
Protect from freezingEXP YYYY-MM-DD
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INGREDIENTS AND APPEARANCE
CARDIOPLEGIC
calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium chloride and sodium chloride solutionProduct Information Product Type HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG Item Code (Source) NDC: 0338-0341 Route of Administration INTRA-ARTERIAL Active Ingredient/Active Moiety Ingredient Name Basis of Strength Strength CALCIUM CHLORIDE (UNII: M4I0D6VV5M) (CALCIUM CATION - UNII:2M83C4R6ZB, CHLORIDE ION - UNII:Q32ZN48698) CALCIUM CHLORIDE 17.6 mg in 100 mL MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE (UNII: 02F3473H9O) (MAGNESIUM CATION - UNII:T6V3LHY838, CHLORIDE ION - UNII:Q32ZN48698) MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE 325.3 mg in 100 mL POTASSIUM CHLORIDE (UNII: 660YQ98I10) (POTASSIUM CATION - UNII:295O53K152, CHLORIDE ION - UNII:Q32ZN48698) POTASSIUM CHLORIDE 119.3 mg in 100 mL SODIUM CHLORIDE (UNII: 451W47IQ8X) (SODIUM CATION - UNII:LYR4M0NH37, CHLORIDE ION - UNII:Q32ZN48698) SODIUM CHLORIDE 643 mg in 100 mL Inactive Ingredients Ingredient Name Strength WATER (UNII: 059QF0KO0R) HYDROCHLORIC ACID (UNII: QTT17582CB) SODIUM HYDROXIDE (UNII: 55X04QC32I) Packaging # Item Code Package Description Marketing Start Date Marketing End Date 1 NDC: 0338-0341-04 14 in 1 CARTON 04/21/2000 1 1000 mL in 1 BAG; Type 0: Not a Combination Product Marketing Information Marketing Category Application Number or Monograph Citation Marketing Start Date Marketing End Date ANDA ANDA075323 04/21/2000 Labeler - Baxter Healthcare Corporation (005083209) Establishment Name Address ID/FEI Business Operations Baxter Healthcare Corporation 059140764 ANALYSIS(0338-0341) , MANUFACTURE(0338-0341) , LABEL(0338-0341) , PACK(0338-0341) , STERILIZE(0338-0341) Establishment Name Address ID/FEI Business Operations Baxter Healthcare Corporation 194684502 ANALYSIS(0338-0341)
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