AMOXICILLIN AND CLAVULANATE POTASSIUM- amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for suspension

Amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium by

Drug Labeling and Warnings

Amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium by is a Prescription medication manufactured, distributed, or labeled by Micro Labs Limited. Drug facts, warnings, and ingredients follow.

Drug Details [pdf]

  • 1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

    Amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension is indicated for the treatment of pediatric patients aged 3 months to 12 years weighing less than or equal to 40 kg with:

    • Recurrent or persistent acute otitis media due to S. pneumoniae(penicillin MICs less than or equal to 2 mcg/mL), H. influenzae(including beta-lactamase-producing strains), or M. catarrhalis(including beta-lactamase-producing strains) characterized by the following risk factors:

    - Antibacterial drug exposure for acute otitis media within the preceding 3 months, and either of the following: 1) age 2 years, or younger or 2) day care attendance [see Microbiology ( 12.4)] .


    Limitations of Use


    Amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension is not indicated for the treatment of acute otitis media due to S. pneumoniaewith penicillin MIC greater than or equal to 4 mcg/mL. Acute otitis media due to S. pneumoniaealone can be treated with amoxicillin. Therapy may be instituted prior to obtaining the results from bacteriological studies when there is reason to believe the infection may involve both S. pneumoniae(penicillin MIC less than or equal to 2 mcg/mL) and the beta-lactamase-producing organisms listed above.


    Usage

    To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension and other antibacterial drugs, amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.


  • 2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

    2.1 Important Administration Instructions


    To minimize the potential for gastrointestinal intolerance, amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension should be taken at the start of a meal. Absorption of clavulanate potassium may be enhanced when amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension is administered at the start of a meal.

    2.2 Dosage in Pediatric Patients

    Pediatric patients aged 3 months to 12 years weighing less than or equal to 40 kg:


    Based on the amoxicillin component (600 mg/5 mL), the recommended dose of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension is 90 mg/kg/day divided every 12 hours, administered for 10 days (see Table 1 as a general example guideline for attainment of this dosage). This dose provides 6.4 mg/kg/day of the clavulanic acid component.

     

    Table 1: General Dosage Guidelines for Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for Oral Suspension in Pediatric Patients

    Body Weight (kg)
    		Volume of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for Oral Suspension Providing 90 mg/kg/day
    8
    		3 mL twice daily
    12
    		4.5 mL twice daily
    16
    		6 mL twice daily
    20
    		7.5 mL twice daily
    24
    		9 mL twice daily
    28
    		10.5 mL twice daily
    32
    		12 mL twice daily
    36
    		13.5 mL twice daily
    40
    		15 mL twice daily

    Pediatric patients weighing greater than 40 kg:


    Experience with amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension in this group is not available.


    2.3 Dosage in Adult Patients

    Experience with amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension in adults is not available and adults who have difficulty swallowing should not be given amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension in place of the 500 mg or 875 mg tablet of AUGMENTIN.


    2.4 Dosage in Patients with Hepatic Impairment

    Hepatically impaired patients should be dosed with caution and hepatic function monitored at regular intervals [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4)] .


    2.5 Preparation of the Oral Suspension

    Prepare the suspension at time of dispensing as follows: Tap bottle until all powder flows freely. Measure the total amount of water (see Table 2) to be added in two parts. Add approximately 2/3 of the total amount of water for reconstitution, replace cap and shake vigorously to suspend powder. Add remainder of the water (that had been measured), replace cap and again shake vigorously.

     

    Table 2: Volume of Water for Reconstituting Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for Oral Suspension

    Bottle Size
    		Amount of Water Required for Reconstitution
    75 mL
    		62 mL
    125 mL
    		103 mL
    200 mL
    		165 mL

    Each 5 mL will contain 600 mg of amoxicillin as the trihydrate, and 42.9 mg of clavulanic acid as the potassium salt.


    Shake oral suspension well before each use. Suspension must be refrigerated. Discard after 10 days. Suspension is white to off-white at time of reconstitution; some color change is normal during the dosing period.


    Flavoring Information:

    For patients who wish to alter the taste of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension, immediately after reconstitution, 1 drop of FLAVORx ®(apple, banana cream, bubble gum, cherry, or watermelon flavor) may be added for every 5 mL of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension. The resulting suspension is stable for 10 days under refrigeration. Stability of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension when mixed with other flavors other than the 5 flavors listed above has not been evaluated.


    2.6 Switching between Dosage Forms and between Strengths

    Amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension does not contain the same amount of clavulanic acid (as the potassium salt) as any of the other suspensions of AUGMENTIN. Amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension contains 42.9 mg of clavulanic acid per 5 mL, whereas the 200 mg/28.5 mg per 5 mL suspension of AUGMENTIN contains 28.5 mg clavulanic acid per 5 mL and the 400 mg/57 mg per 5 mL suspension of AUGMENTIN contains 57 mg clavulanic acid per 5 mL. Therefore, the 200 mg/28.5 mg per 5 mL and 400 mg/57 mg per 5 mL suspensions of AUGMENTIN should not be substituted for amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension as they are not interchangeable.


  • 3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

    Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for Oral Suspension USP, 600 mg/42.9 mg per 5 mL:White to off-white, orange-flavored for oral suspension (each 5 mL of reconstituted suspension contains 600 mg of amoxicillin, USP as the trihydrate, and 42.9 mg of clavulanic acid as the potassium salt).


  • 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

    4.1 Serious Hypersensitivity Reactions

    Amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension is contraindicated in patients with a history of serious hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis or Stevens-Johnson syndrome) to amoxicillin, clavulanate, or to other beta-lactam antibacterial drugs (e.g., penicillins and cephalosporins).


    4.2 Cholestatic Jaundice/Hepatic Dysfunction

    Amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension is contraindicated in patients with a previous history of cholestatic jaundice/hepatic dysfunction associated with treatment with amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium.


  • 5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

    5.1 Serious Allergic Reactions, Including Anaphylaxis

    Serious and occasionally fatal hypersensitivity (anaphylactic) reactions have been reported in patients receiving beta-lactam antibacterials, including amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension. These reactions are more likely to occur in individuals with a history of penicillin hypersensitivity and/or a history of sensitivity to multiple allergens. Before initiating therapy with amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension, careful inquiry should be made concerning previous hypersensitivity reactions to penicillins, cephalosporins, or other allergens. If an allergic reaction occurs, discontinue amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension and institute appropriate therapy.


    5.2 Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions

    Amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension may cause severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCAR), such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP). If patients develop a skin rash, they should be monitored closely, and amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension discontinued if lesions progress.


    5.3 Drug-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (DIES)


    Drug-induced enterocolitis syndrome (DIES) hasbeenreported with use of amoxicillin, a component of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)],withmost cases occurring in pediatric patients ≤ 18 years of age. DIES is a non-IgE mediated hypersensitivity reaction characterized byprotractedvomiting occurring 1 to 4 hours after drug ingestion in the absence of skin or respiratory symptoms. DIES may be associated with pallor,lethargy, hypotension, shock, diarrhea within 24 hours after ingesting amoxicillin, and leukocytosis with neutrophilia. If DIES occurs, discontinueamoxicillinand clavulanate potassium for oral suspension and institute appropriate therapy.

    5.4 Hepatic Dysfunction


    Use amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension with caution in patients with evidence of hepatic dysfunction. Hepatic toxicity associated with the use of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension is usually reversible. Deaths have been reported (fewer than one death reported per estimated four million prescriptions worldwide). These have generally been cases associated with serious underlying diseases or concomitant medications [see Contraindications ( 4.2) and Adverse Reactions ( 6.2)] .

    5.5 Clostridioides difficile-Associated Diarrhea (CDAD)


    Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been reported with use of nearly all antibacterial agents, including amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension, and may range in severity from mild diarrhea to fatal colitis. Treatment with antibacterial agents alters the normal flora of the colon leading to overgrowth of C. difficile.

     

    C. difficileproduces toxins A and B which contribute to the development of CDAD. Hypertoxin-producing strains of C. difficilecause increased morbidity and mortality, as these infections can be refractory to antimicrobial therapy and may require colectomy. CDAD must be considered in all patients who present with diarrhea following antibacterial drug use. Careful medical history is necessary since CDAD has been reported to occur over two months after the administration of antibacterial agents.


    If CDAD is suspected or confirmed, ongoing antibacterial drug use not directed against C. difficilemay need to be discontinued. Appropriate fluid and electrolyte management, protein supplementation, antibacterial treatment of C. difficile, and surgical evaluation should be instituted as clinically indicated.

    5.6 Skin Rash in Patients with Mononucleosis


    A high percentage of patients with mononucleosis who receive amoxicillin develop an erythematous skin rash. Avoid amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension use in patients with mononucleosis.

    5.7 Potential for Microbial Overgrowth


    The possibility of superinfections with mycotic or bacterial pathogens should be kept in mind during therapy. If superinfections occur (usually involving Pseudomonasspp. or Candidaspp.), the drug should be discontinued, and appropriate therapy instituted.

    5.8 Phenylketonurics


    Amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension contains aspartame which contains phenylalanine. Each 5 mL of suspension of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium contains 9 mg phenylalanine.

    5.9 Development of Drug-Resistant Bacteria


    Prescribing amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension in the absence of a proven or strongly suspected bacterial infection or a prophylactic indication is unlikely to provide benefit to the patient and increases the risk of the development of drug-resistant bacteria.

  • 6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

    The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described elsewhere in labeling:

    • Anaphylactic reactions [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1)]
    • Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions (SCAR) [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2)]
    • Drug-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (DIES) [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3)]
    • Hepatic Dysfunction [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4)]
    • Clostridioides difficile-Associated Diarrhea (CDAD) [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5)]
    • Skin Rash in Patients with Mononucleosis [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6)]

    6.1 Clinical Trials Experience


    Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.


    Two clinical trials evaluated the safety of a 10-day treatment course of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension 90/6.4 mg/kg/day, divided every 12 hours, in pediatric patients with acute otitis media [see Clinical Studies (14)]. The first trial involved 521 pediatric patients (3 months to 50 months) and the second trial involved 450 pediatric patients (3 months to 12 years). In the intent-to-­treat population of the first trial of 521 patients, the most frequently reported adverse events were vomiting (7%), fever (6%), contact dermatitis (i.e., diaper rash) (6%), upper respiratory tract infection (4%), and diarrhea (4%). Protocol-defined diarrhea (i.e., 3 or more watery stools in one day or 2 watery stools per day for 2 consecutive days as recorded on diary cards) occurred in 13% of patients.


    The primary objective of the second study was to compare the safety of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension (90/6.4 mg/kg/day, divided every 12 hours) to AUGMENTIN (45/6.4 mg/kg/day, divided every 12 hours) for ten days. There was no statistically significant difference between treatments in the proportion of patients with 1 or more adverse events. The most frequently reported adverse reactions for amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension and the comparator of AUGMENTIN were coughing (12% versus 7%), vomiting (7% versus 8%), contact dermatitis (i.e., diaper rash, 6% versus 5%), fever (6% versus 4%), and upper respiratory infection (3% versus 9%), respectively. The frequencies of protocol-defined diarrhea with amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension (11%) and AUGMENTIN (9%) were not statistically different. Two patients in the group treated with amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension and one patient in the group treated with AUGMENTIN were withdrawn due to diarrhea.

    6.2 Postmarketing Experience

    The following adverse reactions have been identified during postmarketing use of AUGMENTIN products, including amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of unknown size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

     

    Gastrointestinal:Drug-induced enterocolitis syndrome (DIES), diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, indigestion, gastritis, stomatitis, glossitis, black “hairy” tongue, mucocutaneous candidiasis, enterocolitis, and hemorrhagic/pseudomembranous colitis. Onset of pseudomembranous colitis symptoms may occur during or after antibacterial treatment [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3, 5.5)].

     

    Immune:Hypersensitivity reactions, anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions (including shock), angioedema, serum sickness-like reactions (urticaria or skin rash accompanied by arthritis, arthralgia, myalgia, and frequently fever), hypersensitivity vasculitis [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1)].

     

    Skin and Appendages:Rashes, pruritus, urticaria, erythema multiforme, SJS, TEN, DRESS, AGEP, exfoliative dermatitis, and linear IgA bullous dermatosis [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1, 5.2, 5.6)].

     

    Liver:A moderate rise in AST (SGOT) and/or ALT (SGPT) has been noted in patients treated with ampicillin-class antibacterials. Hepatic dysfunction, including increases in serum transaminases (AST and/or ALT), serum bilirubin, and/or alkaline phosphatase, has been infrequently reported with AUGMENTIN or amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension. It has been reported more commonly in the elderly, in males, or in patients on prolonged treatment. The histologic findings on liver biopsy have consisted of cholestatic, hepatocellular, or mixed cholestatic-hepatocellular changes. The onset of signs/symptoms of hepatic dysfunction may occur during or several weeks after therapy has been discontinued. The hepatic dysfunction, which may be severe, is usually reversible. Deaths have been reported [see Contraindications ( 4.2), Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4)].


    Renal:Interstitial nephritis and hematuria have been reported. Crystalluria has also been reported [see Overdosage ( 10)].

     

    Hemic and Lymphatic Systems:Anemia, including hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, thrombocytopenic purpura, eosinophilia, leukopenia, and agranulocytosis have been reported during therapy with penicillins. These reactions are usually reversible on discontinuation of therapy and are believed to be hypersensitivity phenomena. There have been reports of increased prothrombin time in patients receiving AUGMENTIN and anticoagulant therapy concomitantly.

     

    Central Nervous System:Agitation, anxiety, behavioral changes, aseptic meningitis, confusion, convulsions, dizziness, insomnia, and reversible hyperactivity have been reported.

     

    Miscellaneous:Tooth discoloration (brown, yellow, or gray staining) has been reported. Most reports occurred in pediatric patients. Discoloration was reduced or eliminated with brushing or dental cleaning in most cases.


  • 7 DRUG INTERACTIONS

    7.1 Probenecid


    Probenecid decreases the renal tubular secretion of amoxicillin. Concurrent use with amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension may result in increased and prolonged blood levels of amoxicillin. Co-administration of probenecid is not recommended.

    7.2 Oral Anticoagulants


    Abnormal prolongation of prothrombin time (increased international normalized ratio [INR]) has been reported in patients receiving amoxicillin and oral anticoagulants. Appropriate monitoring should be undertaken when anticoagulants are prescribed concurrently. Adjustments in the dose of oral anticoagulants may be necessary to maintain the desired level of anticoagulation.

    7.3 Allopurinol


    The concurrent administration of allopurinol and amoxicillin increases substantially the incidence of rashes in patients receiving both drugs as compared to patients receiving amoxicillin alone. It is not known whether this potentiation of amoxicillin rashes is due to allopurinol or the hyperuricemia present in these patients. There are no data with amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension and allopurinol administered concurrently.

    7.4 Oral Contraceptives


    Amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension may affect intestinal flora, leading to lower estrogen reabsorption and reduced efficacy of combined oral estrogen/progesterone contraceptives.

    7.5 Effects on Laboratory Tests


    High urine concentrations of amoxicillin may result in false-positive reactions when testing for the presence of glucose in urine using CLINITEST ®, Benedict’s Solution, or Fehling’s Solution. Since this effect may also occur with amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension, it is recommended that glucose tests based on enzymatic glucose oxidase reactions be used.


    Following administration of amoxicillin to pregnant women, a transient decrease in plasma concentration of total conjugated estriol, estriol-glucuronide, conjugated estrone, and estradiol has been noted.

  • 8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

    8.1 Pregnancy


    Risk Summary


    Available data from published epidemiologic studies and pharmacovigilance case reports over several decades of use with amoxicillin and clavulanate during pregnancy have not established a drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal outcomes. A study in women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) reported that prophylactic treatment with amoxicillin and clavulanate may be associated with an increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates (see Data). Reproduction studies performed in pregnant rodents, given up to approximately 2 times the amount of amoxicillin and 15 times the amount of clavulanate in the Maximum Human Recommended Dose (MHRD) of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension, revealed no evidence of harm to the fetus (see Data).


    The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated populations is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively.


    Data

     

    Human Data


    One randomized, controlled trial included 4,826 pregnant women with premature rupture of fetal membranes who were randomly assigned to 250 mg erythromycin (n=1,197), 250 mg amoxicillin and 125 mg clavulanic acid (amoxicillin and clavulanate, n=1,212), amoxicillin and clavulanate and erythromycin (n=1,192), or placebo (n=1,225) four times daily for 10 days or until delivery. Amoxicillin and clavulanate was associated with a significantly increased rate of proven neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: 1.9% (n = 24) in the amoxicillin and clavulanate only group versus 0.5% (n = 6) in the placebo group (p = 0.001), and 1.8% (n = 44) in the any amoxicillin and clavulanate group versus 0.7% (n =17) in the no amoxicillin and clavulanate group (p = 0.0005).

     

    Animal Data


    Reproduction studies performed in pregnant rats and mice given amoxicillin and clavulanate (2:1 ratio formulation of amoxicillin:clavulanate) at oral doses up to 1200 mg/kg/day revealed no evidence of harm to the fetus due to amoxicillin and clavulanate. The amoxicillin doses in rodents (based on body surface area and assuming a 20 kg child) were approximately 2 times (rats) or equal to (mice) the recommended clinical amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension dose of 90/6.4 mg/kg/day. For clavulanate, these dose multiples were approximately 15 times and 7.5 times the recommended daily dose of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension.

    8.2 Lactation


    Risk Summary


    Data from a published clinical lactation study report that amoxicillin is present in human milk. There are reports of diarrhea, irritability, and rash in infants exposed to amoxicillin and clavulanate through breast milk; therefore, infants exposed to amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension should be monitored for these symptoms. There are no data on the effects of amoxicillin and clavulanate on milk production. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension or from the underlying maternal condition.

    8.4 Pediatric Use


    Acute Otitis Media


    The safety and effectiveness of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension have been established in pediatric patients aged 3 months to 12 years weighing less than or equal to 40 kg, for the treatment of acute otitis media, and the information on this use is discussed throughout the labeling.


    The safety and effectiveness of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension in pediatric patients younger than 3 months of age have not been established.


    The safety and effectiveness of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension have not been established in pediatric patients aged 3 months to 12 years weighing more than 40 kg.


    Acute Bacterial Sinusitis


    The safety and effectiveness of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension have been established for the treatment of pediatric patients (3 months to 12 years of age) with acute bacterial sinusitis. This use is supported by evidence from adequate and well-controlled studies of AUGMENTIN XR TMextended release tablets in adults with acute bacterial sinusitis, studies of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension in pediatric patients with acute otitis media, and by similar pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin and clavulanate in pediatric patients taking amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12)] and adults taking AUGMENTIN XR.

  • 10 OVERDOSAGE


    Following overdosage, patients have experienced primarily gastrointestinal symptoms including stomach and abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. Rash, hyperactivity, or drowsiness have also been observed in a small number of patients.


    In the case of overdosage, discontinue amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension, treat symptomatically, and institute supportive measures as required. If the overdosage is very recent and there is no contraindication, an attempt at emesis or other means of removal of drug from the stomach may be performed. A prospective study of 51 pediatric patients at a poison control center suggested that overdosages of less than 250 mg/kg of amoxicillin are not associated with significant clinical symptoms and do not require gastric emptying. 1


    Interstitial nephritis resulting in oliguric renal failure has been reported in a small number of patients after overdosage with amoxicillin.

    Crystalluria, in some cases leading to renal failure, has also been reported after amoxicillin overdosage in adult and pediatric patients. In case of overdosage, adequate fluid intake and diuresis should be maintained to reduce the risk of amoxicillin crystalluria.


    Renal impairment appears to be reversible with cessation of drug administration. High blood levels may occur more readily in patients with impaired renal function because of decreased renal clearance of both amoxicillin and clavulanate. Both amoxicillin and clavulanate are removed from the circulation by hemodialysis [see Dosage and Administration ( 2)].

  • 11 DESCRIPTION


    Amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension USP, 600 mg/42.9 mg per 5 mL is an oral antibacterial combination consisting of the semisynthetic antibacterial amoxicillin and the beta-lactamase inhibitor, clavulanate potassium (the potassium salt of clavulanic acid). Amoxicillin is an analog of ampicillin, derived from the basic penicillin nucleus, 6-aminopenicillanic acid. The amoxicillin, USP molecular formula is C 16H 19N 3O 5S3H 2O, and the molecular weight is 419.4. Chemically, amoxicillin is (2 S,5 R,6 R)-6-[( R)-2-amino­-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane-2-carboxylic acid trihydrate and may be represented structurally as:


    amoxi-strua.jpg



    Clavulanic acid is produced by the fermentation of Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a beta-lactam structurally related to the penicillins and possesses the ability to inactivate a wide variety of beta-lactamases by blocking the active sites of these enzymes. Clavulanic acid is particularly active against the clinically important plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases frequently responsible for transferred drug resistance to penicillins and cephalosporins. The clavulanate potassium molecular formula is C 8H 8KNO 5and the molecular weight is 237.3. Chemically, clavulanate potassium is potassium ( Z)-(2 R,5 R)-3-(2-Hydroxyethylidene)-7-oxo-4-oxa-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid and may be represented structurally as:

     

    amoxi-strub.jpg



    Following constitution, each 5 mL of oral suspension contains 600 mg of amoxicillin, USP as the trihydrate and 42.9 mg of clavulanic acid (equivalent to 51.1 mg of clavulanate potassium).

     

    Inactive Ingredients:Aspartame, citric acid anhydrous, colloidal silicon dioxide, hypromellose, mannitol, orange flavour, trisodium citrate dihydrate, and xanthan gum [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.8)] . Each 5 mL of reconstituted amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension USP, 600 mg/42.9 mg per 5 mL contains 0.23 mEq potassium.

  • 12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

    12.1 Mechanism of Action


    Amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension is an antibacterial drug [see Microbiology ( 12.4)].

    12.3 Pharmacokinetics


    The pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin and clavulanate were determined in a study of 19 pediatric patients, 8 months to 11 years, given amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension at an amoxicillin dose of 45 mg/kg q12h with a snack or meal. The mean plasma amoxicillin and clavulanate pharmacokinetic parameter values are listed in Table 3.

     

    Table 3. Mean (±SD) Plasma Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Pharmacokinetic Parameter Values Following Administration of 45 mg/kg of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for Oral Suspension Every 12 Hours to Pediatric Patients

    Parameter
    		Amoxicillin
    		Clavulanate
    C max(mcg/mL)
    		15.7 ± 7.7
    		1.7 ± 0.9
    T max(hr)
    		2.0 (1.0 to 4.0)
    		1.1 (1.0 to 4.0)
    AUC 0-T(mcg *hr/mL)
    		59.8 ± 20.0
    		4.0 ± 1.9
    T ½(hr)
    		1.4 ± 0.3
    		1.1 ± 0.3
    CL/F (L/hr/kg)
    		0.9 ± 0.4
    		1.1 ± 1.1

    *Arithmetic mean ± standard deviation, except T maxvalues which are medians (ranges).


    The effect of food on the oral absorption of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension has not been studied.


    Approximately 50% to 70% of the amoxicillin and approximately 25% to 40% of the clavulanic acid are excreted unchanged in urine during the first 6 hours after administration of 10 mL of 250 mg/5 mL suspension of AUGMENTIN.


    Neither component in amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension is highly protein-bound; clavulanic acid has been found to be approximately 25% bound to human serum and amoxicillin approximately 18% bound.


    Oral administration of a single dose of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension at 45 mg/kg (based on the amoxicillin component) to pediatric patients, 9 months to 8 years, yielded the following pharmacokinetic data for amoxicillin in plasma and middle ear fluid (MEF):


    Table 4. Amoxicillin Concentrations in Plasma and Middle Ear Fluid Following Administration of 45 mg/kg of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for Oral Suspension to Pediatric Patients *

    Timepoint
    		Amoxicillin concentration in plasma (mcg/mL)
    		Amoxicillin concentration in MEF (mcg/mL)
    1 hour
    		mean
    median
    range
    		7.7
    9.3
    1.5 to 14.0
    (n = 5)
    		3.2
    3.5
    0.2 to 5.5
    (n = 4)
    2 hour
    		mean
    median
    range
    		15.7
    13.0
    11.0 to 25.0
    (n = 7)
    		3.3
    2.4
    1.9 to 6
    (n = 5)
    3 hour
    		mean
    median
    range
    		13.0
    12.0
    5.5 to 21.0
    (n = 5)
    		5.8
    6.5
    3.9 to 7.4
    (n = 5)

    *Dose administered immediately prior to eating.


    Amoxicillin diffuses readily into most body tissues and fluids, with the exception of the brain and spinal fluid. The results of experiments involving the administration of clavulanic acid to animals suggest that this compound, like amoxicillin, is well distributed in body tissues.


    Drug Interaction Studies

     

    Clinical Studies


    Concurrent administration of probenecid delays amoxicillin excretion but does not delay renal excretion of clavulanic acid.

    12.4 Microbiology


    Mechanism of Action


    Amoxicillin is a semisynthetic antibacterial with a broad spectrum of bactericidal activity against many gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. Amoxicillin is, however, susceptible to degradation by beta-lactamases, and therefore, its spectrum of activity does not include organisms which produce these enzymes. Clavulanic acid is a beta-lactam, structurally related to penicillin, which possesses the ability to inactivate a wide range of beta-lactamase enzymes commonly found in microorganisms resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins. In particular, it has good activity against the clinically important plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases frequently found responsible for transferred drug resistance.


    The clavulanic acid component of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension protects amoxicillin from degradation by beta-lactamase enzymes and effectively extends the antibacterial spectrum of amoxicillin to include many bacteria normally resistant to amoxicillin and other beta-lactam antibacterials. Thus, amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension possesses the distinctive properties of a broad spectrum antibacterial and a beta-lactamase inhibitor.


    Antimicrobial Activity


    Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid has been shown to be active against most isolates of the following microorganisms, both in vitroand in clinical infections [see Indications and Usage (1)].


    Gram-positive bacteria:

    Streptococcus pneumoniae(including isolates with penicillin MICs less than or equal to 2 mcg/mL)


    Gram-negative bacteria:

    Haemophilus influenzae(including beta-lactamase-producing isolates)

    Moraxella catarrhalis(including beta-lactamase-producing isolates)


    The following in vitrodata are available, but their clinical significance is unknown. At least 90% of the following microorganisms exhibit in vitrominimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) less than or equal to the susceptible breakpoint for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. However, the safety and efficacy of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid in treating infections due to these microorganisms have not been established in adequate and well-controlled trials.


    Gram-positive bacteria:

    Staphylococcus aureus(including beta-lactamase-producing isolates)

    Staphylococci which are resistant to methicillin/oxacillin must be considered resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid.

    Streptococcus pyogenes

     

    S. pyogenesdo not produce beta-lactamase, and therefore, are susceptible to amoxicillin alone. Adequate and well-controlled clinical trials have established the effectiveness of amoxicillin alone in treating certain clinical infections due to S. pyogenes.


    Susceptibility Test Methods:

    For specific information regarding susceptibility test interpretive criteria and associated test methods and quality control standards recognized by FDA for this drug, please see: https://www.fda.gov/STIC.

  • 13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

    13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility


    Long-term studies in animals have not been performed to evaluate carcinogenic potential. Amoxicillin and clavulanate (4:1 ratio formulation of amoxicillin:clavulanate) was non-­mutagenic in the Ames bacterial mutation assay, and the yeast gene conversion assay. Amoxicillin and clavulanate was weakly positive in the mouse lymphoma assay, but the trend toward increased mutation frequencies in this assay occurred at concentrations that were also associated with decreased cell survival. Amoxicillin and clavulanate was negative in the mouse micronucleus test, and in the dominant lethal assay in mice. Clavulanate potassium alone was tested in the Ames bacterial mutation assay and in the mouse micronucleus test and was negative in each of these assays.


    Amoxicillin and clavulanate (2:1 ratio formulation of amoxicillin:clavulanate) at oral doses of up to 1,200 mg/kg/day was found to have no effect on fertility and reproductive performance in rats. Based on body surface area (assuming a 20 kg child), this dose of amoxicillin is approximately 2 times the recommended clinical amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension dose of 90/6.4 mg/kg/day. For clavulanate, the dose multiple is approximately 15 times higher than the recommended clinical daily dose, also based on body surface area.

  • 14 CLINICAL STUDIES


    Two clinical studies were conducted in pediatric patients with acute otitis media. A non-comparative, open-label study assessed the bacteriologic and clinical efficacy of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension (90/6.4 mg/kg/day, divided every 12 hours) for 10 days in 521 pediatric patients (3 to 50 months) with acute otitis media. The primary objective was to assess bacteriological response in children with acute otitis media due to S. pneumoniaewith amoxicillin/clavulanic acid MICs of 4 mcg/mL. The study sought the enrollment of patients with the following risk factors: Failure of antibacterial therapy for acute otitis media in the previous 3 months, history of recurrent episodes of acute otitis media, 2 years or younger, or daycare attendance. Prior to receiving amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension, all patients had tympanocentesis to obtain middle ear fluid for bacteriological evaluation. Patients from whom S. pneumoniae(alone or in combination with other bacteria) was isolated had a second tympanocentesis 4 to 6 days after the start of therapy. Clinical assessments were planned for all patients during treatment (4 to 6 days after starting therapy), as well as 2 to 4 days post-treatment and 15 to 18 days post-treatment. Bacteriological success was defined as the absence of the pretreatment pathogen from the on-therapy tympanocentesis specimen. Clinical success was defined as improvement or resolution of signs and symptoms. Clinical failure was defined as lack of improvement or worsening of signs and/or symptoms at any time following at least 72 hours of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension; patients who received an additional systemic antibacterial drug for otitis media after 3 days of therapy were considered clinical failures. Bacteriological eradication on therapy (day 4 to 6 visit) in the per protocol population is summarized in Table 5.

     

    Table 5. Bacteriologic Eradication Rates in the Per Protocol Population

     
    		Bacteriologic Eradication on Therapy
    Pathogen
    		n/N
    		%
    		95% CI *
    All S. pneumoniae
    		121/123
    		98
    		(94.3, 99.8)
    S. pneumoniaewith penicillin MIC equal to 2 mcg/mL
    		19/19
    		100
    		(82.4, 100.0)
    S. pneumoniaewith penicillin MIC equal to 4 mcg/mL
    		12/14
    		86
    		(57.2, 98.2)
    H. influenzae
    		75/81
    		93
    		(84.6, 97.2)
    M. catarrhalis
    		11/11
    		100
    		(71.5, 100.0)

    *CI equals confidence intervals; 95% CIs are not adjusted for multiple comparisons.


    Clinical assessments were made in the per protocol population 2 to 4 days post-therapy and 15 to 18 days post-therapy. Patients who responded to therapy 2 to 4 days post-therapy were followed for 15 to 18 days post-therapy to assess them for acute otitis media. Non-responders at 2 to 4 days post-therapy were considered failures at the latter timepoint. The clinical assessments in the per protocol population are presented in Table 6.

     

    Table 6. Clinical Assessments in the Per Protocol Population (Includes S. pneumoniaePatients with Penicillin MICs equal to 2 or 4 mcg/mL *)

     
    		2 to 4 Days Post-Therapy (Primary Endpoint)
    Pathogen
    		n/N
    		%
    		95% CI† 
    All S. pneumoniae
    		122/137
    		89
    		(82.6, 93.7)
    S. pneumoniaewith penicillin MIC equal to 2 mcg/mL
    		17/20
    		85
    		(62.1, 96.8)
    S. pneumoniaewith penicillin MIC equal to 4 mcg/mL
    		11/14
    		79
    		(49.2, 95.3)
    H. influenzae
    		141/162
    		87
    		(80.9, 91.8)
    M. catarrhalis
    		22/26
    		85
    		(65.1, 95.6)

     
    		15 to 18 Days Post-Therapy‡(Secondary Endpoint)
    Pathogen
    		n/N
    		%
    		95% CI†
    All S. pneumoniae
    		95/136
    		70
    		(61.4, 77.4)
    S. pneumoniaewith penicillin MIC equal to 2 mcg/mL
    		11/20
    		55
    		(31.5, 76.9)
    S. pneumoniaewith penicillin MIC equal to 4 mcg/mL
    		5/14
    		36
    		(12.8, 64.9)
    H. influenzae
    		106/156
    		68
    		(60.0, 75.2)
    M. catarrhalis
    		14/25
    		56
    		(34.9, 75.6)

    *S. pneumoniaestrains with penicillin MICs of 2 or 4 mcg/mL are considered resistant to penicillin.

    †CI equals confidence intervals; 95% CIs are not adjusted for multiple comparisons.

    ‡Clinical assessments at 15 to 18 days post-therapy may have been confounded by viral infections and new episodes of acute otitis media with time elapsed post-treatment.


    In the intent-to-treat analysis, overall clinical outcomes at 2 to 4 days and 15 to 18 days post-treatment in patients with S. pneumoniaewith penicillin MIC equal to 2 mcg/mL and 4 mcg/mL were 29/41 (71%) and 17/41 (42%), respectively.

  • 15 REFERENCES

    1. Swanson-Biearman B, Dean BS, Lopez G, Krenzelok EP. The effects of penicillin and cephalosporin ingestions in children less than six years of age. Vet Hum Toxicol. 1988; 30:66-67.

  • 16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING


    How Supplied


    Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for Oral Suspension USP, 600 mg/42.9 mg per 5 mL:White to off-white, orange-flavored powder for oral suspension. Following constitution, each 5 mL of oral suspension contains 600 mg of amoxicillin, USP as the trihydrate and 42.9 mg of clavulanic acid as the potassium salt (equivalent to 51.1 mg of clavulanate potassium).


    NDC: 42571-395-46                75 mL bottle

    NDC: 42571-395-70                125 mL bottle

    NDC: 42571-395-77                200 mL bottle


    Storage


    Store dry powder for oral suspension at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Dispense in original container. Store reconstituted suspension under refrigeration. Discard unused suspension after 10 days.

  • 17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION


    Administration Instructions

    Inform patients to take amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension every 12 hours with a meal or snack to reduce the possibility of gastrointestinal upset. If diarrhea develops and is severe or lasts more than 2 or 3 days, they should call their doctor [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.1), Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5)] .


    Allergic Reactions

    Counsel patients that amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension contains a penicillin class drug product that can cause allergic reactions in some individuals [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1, 5.3)] .


    Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions (SCAR)

    Advise patients about the signs and symptoms of serious skin manifestations. Instruct patients to stop taking amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension immediately and promptly report the first signs or symptoms of skin rash, mucosal lesions, or any other sign of hypersensitivity [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2)].


    Diarrhea

    Counsel patients that diarrhea is a common problem caused by antibacterial drugs, including amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension, which usually ends when the antibacterial is discontinued. Sometimes after starting treatment with antibacterial drugs, patients can develop watery and bloody stools (with or without stomach cramps and fever) even as late as 2 or more months after having taken the last dose of the antibacterial drug. If this occurs, patients should contact their physician as soon as possible [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5)] .


    Phenylketonuria

    Counsel patients with phenylketonuria: Each 5 mL of suspension of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension contains 9 mg phenylalanine [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.8)] .


    Antibacterial Resistance

    Patients should be counseled that antibacterial drugs, including amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension, should only be used to treat bacterial infections. Antibacterial drugs do not treat viral infections (e.g., the common cold). When amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension is prescribed to treat a bacterial infection, patients should be told that although it is common to feel better early in the course of therapy, the medication should be taken exactly as directed. Skipping doses or not completing the full course of therapy may: (1) decrease the effectiveness of the immediate treatment, and (2) increase the likelihood that bacteria will develop resistance and will not be treatable by amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension or other antibacterial drugs in the future [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.9)] .


    Storage Instructions

    Keep suspension refrigerated. Shake well before using. When dosing a child with the suspension (liquid) of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension, use a dosing spoon or medicine dropper. Be sure to rinse the spoon or dropper after each use. Bottles of suspension of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension may contain more liquid than required. Follow your doctor’s instructions about the amount to use and the days of treatment your child requires. Discard any unused medicine.


    AUGMENTIN and AUGMENTIN XR are registered trademarks of GlaxoSmithKline.

    CLINITEST is a registered trademark of Miles, Inc.

    FLAVORx is a registered trademark of FLAVORx. Inc.


    Manufactured by:

    Micro Labs Limited

    INDIA.


    Manufactured for:

    Micro Labs USA, Inc.

    Somerset, NJ 08873


    Rev. 01/2025

  • PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL

    NDC: 42571-395-46
    Rx Only
    Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium for
    Oral Suspension, USP
    600 mg/42.9 mg per 5 mL
    When reconstituted, each 5 mL contains:
    AMOXICILLIN, 600 mg as the trihydrate, and
    CLAVULANIC ACID, 42.9 mg (equivalent to
    51.1 mg of clavulanate potassium).
    75 mL
    (when reconstituted)


    amoxi-lbel.jpg

  • INGREDIENTS AND APPEARANCE
    AMOXICILLIN AND CLAVULANATE POTASSIUM  
    amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for suspension
    Product Information
    Product TypeHUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUGItem Code (Source)NDC: 42571-395
    Route of AdministrationORAL
    Active Ingredient/Active Moiety
    Ingredient NameBasis of StrengthStrength
    AMOXICILLIN (UNII: 804826J2HU) (AMOXICILLIN ANHYDROUS - UNII:9EM05410Q9) AMOXICILLIN ANHYDROUS600 mg  in 5 mL
    CLAVULANATE POTASSIUM (UNII: Q42OMW3AT8) (CLAVULANIC ACID - UNII:23521W1S24) CLAVULANIC ACID42.9 mg  in 5 mL
    Inactive Ingredients
    Ingredient NameStrength
    ASPARTAME (UNII: Z0H242BBR1)  
    ANHYDROUS CITRIC ACID (UNII: XF417D3PSL)  
    SILICON DIOXIDE (UNII: ETJ7Z6XBU4)  
    HYPROMELLOSES (UNII: 3NXW29V3WO)  
    MANNITOL (UNII: 3OWL53L36A)  
    ORANGE (UNII: 5EVU04N5QU)  
    TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE (UNII: B22547B95K)  
    XANTHAN GUM (UNII: TTV12P4NEE)  
    Product Characteristics
    Colorwhite (white to off white) Score    
    ShapeSize
    FlavorORANGEImprint Code
    Contains    
    Packaging
    #Item CodePackage DescriptionMarketing Start DateMarketing End Date
    1NDC: 42571-395-4675 mL in 1 BOTTLE; Type 0: Not a Combination Product04/01/2024
    2NDC: 42571-395-70125 mL in 1 BOTTLE; Type 0: Not a Combination Product04/01/2024
    3NDC: 42571-395-77200 mL in 1 BOTTLE; Type 0: Not a Combination Product04/01/2024
    Marketing Information
    Marketing CategoryApplication Number or Monograph CitationMarketing Start DateMarketing End Date
    ANDAANDA21780504/01/2024
    Labeler - Micro Labs Limited (862174955)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    Micro Labs Limited867064609analysis(42571-395) , label(42571-395) , manufacture(42571-395) , pack(42571-395)
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