AXUMIN- fluciclovine f-18 injection, solution

Axumin by

Drug Labeling and Warnings

Axumin by is a Prescription medication manufactured, distributed, or labeled by Blue Earth Diagnostics, PETNET Solutions, Inc., The University of Utah DBA Cyclotron Radiochemistry Lab, Huntsman Cancer Institute, P.E.T.NET Houston, LLC. Drug facts, warnings, and ingredients follow.

Drug Details [pdf]

  • 1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

    Axumin is indicated for positron emission tomography (PET) in men with suspected prostate cancer recurrence based on elevated blood prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels following prior treatment.

  • 2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

    2.1 Radiation Safety - Drug Handling

    Axumin is a radioactive drug and should be handled with appropriate safety measures to minimize radiation exposure during administration [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]. Use waterproof gloves and effective shielding, including syringe shields, when handling and administering Axumin.

    2.2 Recommended Dose and Administration Instructions

    The recommended dose is 370 MBq (10 mCi) administered as an intravenous bolus injection.

    • Inspect Axumin visually for particulate matter and discoloration before administration. Do not use the drug if the solution contains particulate matter or is discolored.
    • Use aseptic technique and radiation shielding when withdrawing and administering Axumin.
    • Calculate the necessary volume to administer based on calibration time and date, using a suitably calibrated instrument. The recommended maximum volume of injection of undiluted Axumin is 5mL.
    • Axumin may be diluted with Sodium Chloride Injection, 0.9%.
    • After the Axumin injection, administer an intravenous flush of sterile Sodium Chloride Injection, 0.9% to ensure full delivery of the dose.
    • Dispose of any unused drug in a safe manner in compliance with applicable regulations.

    2.3 Patient Preparation Prior to PET Imaging

    • Advise the patient to avoid any significant exercise for at least one day prior to PET imaging.
    • Advise patients not to eat or drink for at least 4 hours (other than small amounts of water for taking medications) prior to administration of Axumin.

    2.4 Image Acquisition Guidelines

    Position the patient supine with arms above the head. Begin PET scanning 3 to 5 minutes after completion of the Axumin injection. It is recommended that image acquisition should start from mid-thigh and proceed to the base of the skull. Typical total scan time is between 20 to 30 minutes.

    2.5 Image Display and Interpretation

    Localization of prostate cancer recurrence in sites typical for prostate cancer recurrence is based on fluciclovine F 18 uptake in comparison with tissue background. For small lesions (less than 1cm in diameter) focal uptake greater than blood pool should be considered suspicious for prostate cancer recurrence. For larger lesions, uptake equal to or greater than bone marrow is considered suspicious for prostate cancer recurrence.

    2.6 Radiation Dosimetry

    The radiation absorbed doses estimated for adult patients following intravenous injection of Axumin are shown in Table 1. Values were calculated from human biodistribution data using OLINDA/EXM (Organ Level Internal Dose Assessment/Exponential Modeling) software.

    The (radiation absorbed) effective dose resulting from the administration of the recommended activity of 370 MBq of Axumin is 8 mSv. For an administered activity of 370 MBq (10 mCi), the highest-magnitude radiation doses are delivered to the pancreas, cardiac wall, and uterine wall: 38 mGy, 19 mGy, and 17 mGy, respectively. If a CT scan is simultaneously performed as part of the PET procedure, exposure to ionizing radiation will increase in an amount dependent on the settings used in the CT acquisition.

    Table 1: Estimated Radiation Absorbed Doses in Various Organs/Tissues in Adults who Received Axumin
    Organ/TissueMean Absorbed Dose per Unit Administered Activity
    (microGy/MBq)
    Adrenal glands 16
    Brain9
    Breasts 14
    Gallbladder wall 17
    Lower large intestine wall 12
    Small intestine wall 13
    Stomach wall 14
    Upper large intestine wall 13
    Heart wall 52
    Kidneys 14
    Liver33
    Lungs 34
    Muscle 11
    Ovaries 13
    Pancreas 102
    Red bone marrow 25
    Osteogenic cells 23
    Skin 8
    Spleen 24
    Testes 17
    Thymus gland 12
    Thyroid 10
    Urinary bladder wall 25
    Uterus45
    Total body13
    Effective dose 22 (microSv/MBq)
  • 3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

    Injection: supplied as a clear, colorless solution in a 30 mL multiple-dose vial containing 335 to 8200 MBq/mL (9 to 221 mCi/mL) fluciclovine F 18 at calibration time and date.

  • 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

    None

  • 5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

    5.1 Risk for Image Misinterpretation

    Image interpretation errors can occur with Axumin PET imaging. A negative image does not rule out the presence of recurrent prostate cancer and a positive image does not confirm the presence of recurrent prostate cancer. The performance of Axumin seems to be affected by PSA levels [See Clinical Studies (14)]. Fluciclovine F 18 uptake is not specific for prostate cancer and may occur with other types of cancer and benign prostatic hypertrophy in primary prostate cancer. Clinical correlation, which may include histopathological evaluation of the suspected recurrence site, is recommended.

    5.2 Hypersensitivity Reactions

    Hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis may occur in patients who receive Axumin. Emergency resuscitation equipment and personnel should be immediately available.

    5.3 Radiation Risks

    Axumin use contributes to a patient's overall long-term cumulative radiation exposure. Long-term cumulative radiation exposure is associated with an increased risk for cancer. Ensure safe handling to minimize radiation exposure to the patient and health care providers [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)].

  • 6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

    Clinical Trials Experience

    Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The clinical trial database for Axumin includes data from 877 subjects including 797 males diagnosed with prostate cancer. Most patients received a single administration of Axumin, a small number of subjects (n = 50) received up to five administrations of the drug. The mean administered activity was 370 MBq (range, 163 to 485 MBq).

    Adverse reactions were reported in ≤1% of subjects during clinical studies with Axumin. The most common adverse reactions were injection site pain, injection site erythema and dysgeusia.

  • 8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

    8.1 Pregnancy

    Risk Summary

    Axumin is not indicated for use in females and there is no information on the risk of adverse development outcomes in pregnant women or animals with the use of fluciclovine F 18.

    8.2 Lactation

    Risk Summary

    Axumin is not indicated for use in females and there is no information of the presence of fluciclovine F 18 in human milk.

    8.4 Pediatric Use

    Safety and effectiveness have not been established in pediatric patients.

    8.5 Geriatric Use

    Of the total number of patients in clinical studies of Axumin, the average age was 66 years with a range of 21 to 90 years. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between older subjects and younger subjects.

  • 10 OVERDOSAGE

    In case of overdose of Axumin, encourage patients to maintain hydration and to void frequently to minimize radiation exposure.

  • 11 DESCRIPTION

    11.1 Chemical Characteristics

    Axumin contains the fluorine 18 (F 18) labeled synthetic amino acid analog fluciclovine. Fluciclovine F 18 is a radioactive diagnostic agent used with PET imaging. Chemically, fluciclovine F 18 is (1r, 3r)-1-amino-3[18F]fluorocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid. The molecular weight is 132.1 and the structural formula is:

    Chemical Structure

    Axumin is a sterile, non-pyrogenic, clear, colorless, hyperosmolal (approximately 500 - 540 mOsm/kg) injection for intravenous use. Each milliliter contains up to 2 micrograms of fluciclovine, 335 to 8200 MBq (9 to 221 mCi) fluciclovine F 18 at calibration time and date, and 20 mg trisodium citrate in water for injection. The solution also contains hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide and has a pH between 4 and 6.

    11.2 Physical Characteristics

    Fluorine 18 (F 18) is a cyclotron produced radionuclide that decays by positron emission (ß+ decay, 96.7%) and orbital electron capture (3.3%) to stable oxygen 18 with a physical half-life of 109.7 minutes. The positron can undergo annihilation with an electron to produce two gamma rays; the energy of each gamma ray is 511 keV (Table 2).

    Table 2: Principal Radiation Produced from Decay of Fluorine 18 Radiation
    Energy (keV) Abundance (%)
    Positron 249.8 96.7
    Gamma511.0193.5

    11.3 External Radiation

    The point source air-kerma coefficient for F 18 is 3.75 × 10-17 Gy m2/(Bq s). The first half-value thickness of lead (Pb) for F 18 gamma rays is approximately 6 mm. The relative reduction of radiation emitted by F 18 that results from various thicknesses of lead shielding is shown in Table 3. The use of 8 cm of Pb will decrease the radiation transmission (i.e., exposure) by a factor of about 10,000.

    Table 3: Radiation Attenuation of 511 keV Gamma Rays by Lead Shielding
    Shield Thickness cm of Lead (Pb) Coefficient of Attenuation
    0.6 0.5
    20.1
    4 0.01
    6 0.001
    8 0.0001
  • 12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

    12.1 Mechanism of action

    Fluciclovine F 18 is a synthetic amino acid transported across mammalian cell membranes by amino acid transporters, such as LAT-1 and ASCT2, which are upregulated in prostate cancer cells. Fluciclovine F 18 is taken up to a greater extent in prostate cancer cells compared with surrounding normal tissues.

    12.2 Pharmacodynamics

    Following intravenous administration, the tumor-to-normal tissue contrast is highest between 4 and 10 minutes after injection, with a 61% reduction in mean tumor uptake at 90 minutes after injection.

    12.3 Pharmacokinetics

    Distribution

    Following intravenous administration, fluciclovine F 18 distributes to the liver (14% of administered activity), pancreas (3%), lung (7%), red bone marrow (12%) and myocardium (4%). With increasing time, fluciclovine F 18 distributes to skeletal muscle.

    Excretion

    Across the first four hours post-injection, 3% of administered radioactivity was excreted in the urine. Across the first 24 hours post-injection, 5% of administered radioactivity was excreted in the urine.

  • 13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

    13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

    Carcinogenesis

    No long term studies in animals have been performed to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of fluciclovine.

    Mutagenesis

    Fluciclovine was not mutagenic in vitro in reverse mutation assay in bacterial cells and in chromosome aberration test in cultured mammalian cells, and was negative in an in vivo clastogenicity assay in rats after intravenous injection of doses up to 43 mcg/kg. However, fluciclovine F 18 has the potential to be mutagenic because of the F 18 radioisotope.

    Impairment of Fertility

    No studies in animals have been performed to evaluate potential impairment of fertility in males or females.

  • 14 CLINICAL STUDIES

    The safety and efficacy of Axumin were evaluated in two studies (Study 1 and Study 2) in men with suspected recurrence of prostate cancer based on rising PSA levels following radical prostatectomy and/or radiotherapy.

    Study 1 evaluated 105 Axumin scans in comparison to histopathology obtained by biopsy of the prostate bed and biopsies of lesions suspicious by imaging. PET/CT imaging generally included the abdomen and pelvic regions. The Axumin images were originally read by on-site readers. The images were subsequently read by three blinded independent readers. Table 4 shows the performance of Axumin in the detection of recurrence in each patient scan and, specifically, within the prostatic bed and extra-prostatic regions, respectively. The results of the independent read were generally consistent with one another and confirmed the results of the on-site reads.

    Table 4: Performance of Axumin in Patients with Biochemically Suspected Recurrent Prostate Cancer, at the Patient Level and at the Prostate Bed and Extraprostatic Region Levels
    Reader 1Reader 2Reader 3
    N = number of patient scans evaluated
    PatientN = 104N = 105N = 99
      True Positive757263
      False Positive242313
      True Negative5715
      False Negative038
     
    Prostate Bed N = 98N = 97N = 96
      True Positive585647
      False Positive292615
      True Negative101224
      False Negative1310
     
    Extraprostatic N = 28N = 28N = 25
      True Positive252622
      False Positive222
      True Negative000
      False Negative101

    The detection rate of Axumin seems to be affected by PSA levels [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. In general, patients with negative scans had lower PSA values than those with positive scans. The detection rate (number with positive scans/total scanned) for patients with a PSA value of less than or equal to 1.78 ng/mL (1st PSA quartile) was 15/25, of which 11 were histologically confirmed as positive. In the remaining three PSA quartiles, the detection rate was 71/74, of which 58 were histologically confirmed. Among the 25 patients in the first PSA quartile, there were 4 false positive scans and 1 false negative scan. For the 74 patients with PSA levels greater than1.78 ng/mL, there were 13 false positive scans and no false negative scans.

    Study 2 evaluated the concordance between 96 Axumin and C11 choline scans in patients with median PSA value of 1.44 ng/mL (interquartile range = 0.78 to 2.8 ng/mL). The C 11 choline scans were read by on-site readers. The Axumin scans were read by the same three blinded independent readers used for Study 1. The agreement values between the Axumin and C11 choline reads were 61%, 67% and 77%, respectively.

  • 16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING

    16.1 How Supplied

    Axumin is supplied as a clear, colorless injection in a 30 mL multiple-dose glass vial containing approximately 26 mL solution of 335-8200 MBq/mL (9-221 mCi/mL) fluciclovine F 18 at calibration time and date.

    30 mL sterile multiple-dose vial: NDC: 69932-001-30

    16.2 Storage and Handling

    Store Axumin at controlled room temperature (USP) 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F). Axumin does not contain a preservative. Store Axumin within the original container in radiation shielding.

    This preparation is approved for use by persons under license by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission or the relevant regulatory authority of an Agreement State.

  • 17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION

    • Instruct patients to avoid significant exercise for at least a day before the PET scan.
    • Instruct patients not to eat or drink for at least 4 hours before the PET scan (other than small amounts of water for taking medications).
  • SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION

    Marketed by Blue Earth Diagnostics Ltd. Oxford, UK OX4 4GA
    Axumin™ is a trademark of Blue Earth Diagnostics Ltd.
    © 2016 Blue Earth Diagnostics Ltd – all rights reserved.

  • PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 30 mL Multiple-Dose Vial Label

    Sterile

    Axumin™

    Non-pyrogenic

    (fluciclovine F 18) injection
    9 - 221 mCi/mL at End of Synthesis (EOS)
    Diagnostic - For Intravenous Use Only
    Expires 10 hours after EOS

    Batch #: ________________________________

    EOS Date: __________ EOS Time: __________

    Activity @ EOS: ___________________ mCi

    Concentration: ___________________ mCi/mL

    Volume: ___________________ mL

    Exp. Date: __________ Exp. Time: __________

    PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 30 mL Multiple-Dose Vial Label
  • INGREDIENTS AND APPEARANCE
    AXUMIN 
    fluciclovine f-18 injection, solution
    Product Information
    Product TypeHUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUGItem Code (Source)NDC: 69932-001
    Route of AdministrationINTRAVENOUS
    Active Ingredient/Active Moiety
    Ingredient NameBasis of StrengthStrength
    Fluciclovine F-18 (UNII: 38R1Q0L1ZE) (Fluciclovine F-18 - UNII:38R1Q0L1ZE) Fluciclovine F-18221 mCi  in 1 mL
    Inactive Ingredients
    Ingredient NameStrength
    Sodium Citrate, Unspecified Form (UNII: 1Q73Q2JULR)  
    Hydrochloric Acid (UNII: QTT17582CB)  
    Sodium Hydroxide (UNII: 55X04QC32I)  
    Water (UNII: 059QF0KO0R)  
    Packaging
    #Item CodePackage DescriptionMarketing Start DateMarketing End Date
    1NDC: 69932-001-3030 mL in 1 VIAL, MULTI-DOSE; Type 0: Not a Combination Product05/27/2016
    Marketing Information
    Marketing CategoryApplication Number or Monograph CitationMarketing Start DateMarketing End Date
    NDANDA20805405/27/2016
    Labeler - Blue Earth Diagnostics (219742530)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    PETNET Solutions, Inc.796129646POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY DRUG PRODUCTION(69932-001)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    PETNET Solutions, Inc.111110727POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY DRUG PRODUCTION(69932-001)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    The University of Utah DBA Cyclotron Radiochemistry Lab, Huntsman Cancer Institute018432646MANUFACTURE(69932-001)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    PETNET Solutions, Inc.102326340POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY DRUG PRODUCTION(69932-001)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    PETNET Solutions, Inc.123562576POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY DRUG PRODUCTION(69932-001)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    PETNET Solutions, Inc.004201823POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY DRUG PRODUCTION(69932-001)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    PETNET Solutions, Inc.961597072POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY DRUG PRODUCTION(69932-001)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    PETNET Solutions, Inc.079262099POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY DRUG PRODUCTION(69932-001)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    PETNET Solutions, Inc.603833208POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY DRUG PRODUCTION(69932-001)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    PETNET Solutions, Inc.961593279POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY DRUG PRODUCTION(69932-001)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    PETNET Solutions, Inc.078575242POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY DRUG PRODUCTION(69932-001)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    PETNET Solutions, Inc.961597213POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY DRUG PRODUCTION(69932-001)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    PETNET Solutions, Inc.125568688POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY DRUG PRODUCTION(69932-001)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    PETNET Solutions, Inc.125764907POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY DRUG PRODUCTION(69932-001)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    PETNET Solutions, Inc.801519914POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY DRUG PRODUCTION(69932-001)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    PETNET Solutions, Inc.961593337POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY DRUG PRODUCTION(69932-001)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    PETNET Solutions, Inc.961592982POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY DRUG PRODUCTION(69932-001)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    PETNET Solutions, Inc.961597122POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY DRUG PRODUCTION(69932-001)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    PETNET Solutions, Inc.134146484POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY DRUG PRODUCTION(69932-001)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    PETNET Solutions, Inc.128523862POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY DRUG PRODUCTION(69932-001)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    PETNET Solutions, Inc.961593386POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY DRUG PRODUCTION(69932-001)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    PETNET Solutions, Inc.799246256POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY DRUG PRODUCTION(69932-001)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    PETNET Solutions, Inc.965557486POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY DRUG PRODUCTION(69932-001)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    PETNET Solutions, Inc.078575260POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY DRUG PRODUCTION(69932-001)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    PETNET Solutions, Inc.968897954POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY DRUG PRODUCTION(69932-001)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    PETNET Solutions, Inc.798884966POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY DRUG PRODUCTION(69932-001)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    PETNET Solutions, Inc.080547824POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY DRUG PRODUCTION(69932-001)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    PETNET Solutions, Inc.026659644POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY DRUG PRODUCTION(69932-001)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    PETNET Solutions, Inc.018537881POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY DRUG PRODUCTION(69932-001)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    PETNET Solutions, Inc.788930480POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY DRUG PRODUCTION(69932-001)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    PETNET Solutions, Inc.961593220POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY DRUG PRODUCTION(69932-001)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    PETNET Solutions, Inc.840517945POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY DRUG PRODUCTION(69932-001)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    PETNET Solutions, Inc.154173350POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY DRUG PRODUCTION(69932-001)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    PETNET Solutions, Inc.961682551POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY DRUG PRODUCTION(69932-001)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    P.E.T.NET Houston, LLC621380547POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY DRUG PRODUCTION(69932-001)

  • Trademark Results [Axumin]

    Mark Image

    Registration | Serial
    Company
    Trademark
    Application Date
    AXUMIN
    AXUMIN
    86554828 4986372 Live/Registered
    Blue Earth Diagnostics Limited
    2015-03-05

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