TECHNETIUM TC 99M SESTAMIBI injection

Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi by

Drug Labeling and Warnings

Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi by is a Prescription medication manufactured, distributed, or labeled by Curium US LLC. Drug facts, warnings, and ingredients follow.

Drug Details [pdf]

  • 1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

    Myocardial Imaging: Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi Injection is a myocardial perfusion agent that is indicated for detecting coronary artery disease by localizing myocardial ischemia (reversible defects) and infarction (non-reversible defects), in evaluating myocardial function and developing information for use in patient management decisions. Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi evaluation of myocardial ischemia can be accomplished with rest and cardiovascular stress techniques (e.g., exercise or pharmacologic stress in accordance with the pharmacologic stress agent's labeling).

    It is usually not possible to determine the age of a myocardial infarction or to differentiate a recent myocardial infarction from ischemia.

    Breast Imaging: Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi is indicated for planar imaging as a second line diagnostic drug after mammography to assist in the evaluation of breast lesions in patients with an abnormal mammogram or a palpable breast mass.

    Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi is not indicated for breast cancer screening, to confirm the presence or absence of malignancy, and it is not an alternative to biopsy.

  • 2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

    For Myocardial Imaging: The suggested dose range for I.V. administration of Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi in a single dose to be employed in the average patient (70 Kg) is 370–1110 MBq (10–30 mCi).

    For Breast Imaging: The recommended dose range for I.V. administration of Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi is a single dose of 740–1110 MBq (20–30 mCi).

    2.1 Image Acquisition

    Breast Imaging: It is recommended that images are obtained with a table overlay to separate breast tissue from the myocardium and liver, and to exclude potential activity that may be present in the opposite breast. For lateral images, position the patient prone with the isolateral arm comfortably above the head, shoulders flat against the table, head turned to the side and relaxed, with the breast imaged pendent through an overlay cutout. The breast should not be compressed on the overlay. For anterior images, position the patient supine with both arms behind the head. For either lateral or anterior images, shield the chest and abdominal organs, or remove them from the field of view.

    For complete study, sets of images should be obtained five minutes after the injection, and in the following sequence:

    Beginning five minutes after the injection of Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi:

    • ten-minute lateral image of breast with abnormality
    • ten-minute lateral image of contralateral breast
    • ten-minute anterior image of both breasts

    2.2 Radiation Dosimetry

    The radiation doses to organs and tissues of an average patient (70 Kg) per 1110 MBq (30 mCi) of Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi injected intravenously are shown in Table 1.

    Table 1. Radiation Absorbed Doses from Tc 99m Sestamibi
     

    Radiation dosimetry calculations performed by Radiation Internal Dose Information Center, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PO Box 117, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0117, (865) 576-3448.

      Estimated Radiation Absorbed Dose
      REST
      2.0 hour void  4.8 hour void
     Organ  rads/30 mCi  mGy/1110 MBq  rads/30 mCi  mGy/1110 MBq
     Breasts  0.2  2.0  0.2  1.9
     Gallbladder Wall  2.0  20.0  2.0  20.0
     Small Intestine  3.0  30.0  3.0  30.0
     Upper Large
    Intestine Wall     		 5.4  55.5  5.4  55.5
     Lower Large
    Intestine Wall     		 3.9  40.0  4.2  41.1
     Stomach Wall  0.6  6.1  0.6  5.8
     Heart Wall  0.5  5.1  0.5  4.9
     Kidneys  2.0  20.0  2.0  20.0
     Liver  0.6  5.8  0.6  5.7
     Lungs  0.3  2.8  0.3  2.7
     Bone Surfaces  0.7  6.8  0.7  6.4
     Thyroid  0.7  7.0  0.7  2.4
     Ovaries  1.5  15.5  1.6  15.5
     Testes  0.3  3.4  0.4  3.9
     Red Marrow  0.5  5.1  0.5  5.0
     Urinary Bladder Wall  2.0  20.0  4.2  41.1
     Total Body  0.5  4.8  0.5  4.8
     Estimated Radiation Absorbed Dose
      STRESS
      2.0 hour void  4.8 hour void
     Organ  rads/30 mCi  mGy/1110 MBq  rads/30 mCi  mGy/1110 MBq
     Breasts  0.2  2.0  0.2  1.8
     Gallbladder Wall  2.8  28.9  2.8  27.8
     Small Intestine  2.4  24.4  2.4  24.4
     Upper Large
    Intestine Wall     		 4.5  44.4  4.5  44.4
     Lower Large
    Intestine Wall     		 3.3  32.2  3.3  32.2
     Stomach Wall  0.6  5.3  0.5  5.2
     Heart Wall  0.5  5.6  0.5  5.3
     Kidneys  1.7  16.7  1.7  16.7
     Liver  0.4  4.2  0.4  4.1
     Lungs  0.3  2.6  0.2  2.4
     Bone Surfaces  0.6  6.2  0.6  6.0
     Thyroid  0.3  2.7  0.2  2.4
     Ovaries  1.2  12.2  1.3  13.3
     Testes  0.3  3.1  0.3  3.4
     Red Marrow  0.5  4.6  0.5  4.4
     Urinary Bladder Wall  1.5  15.5  3.0  30.0
     Total Body  0.4  4.2  0.4  4.2

    2.3 Instructions for Preparation

    Preparation of the Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi from the Kit for the Preparation of Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi is done by the following aseptic procedure:

    1. Prior to adding the Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m Injection to the vial, inspect the vial carefully for the presence of damage, particularly cracks, and do not use the vial if found.
    2. Waterproof gloves should be worn during the preparation procedure. Remove the plastic disc from the vial and swab the top of the vial closure with alcohol to sanitize the surface.
    3. Place the vial in a suitable radiation shield with a fitted radiation cap.
    4. With a sterile shielded syringe, aseptically obtain additive-free, sterile, non-pyrogenic Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m Injection [925–5550 MBq, (25–150 mCi)] in approximately 1 to 3 mL.
    5. Aseptically add the Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m Injection to the vial in the lead shield. Without withdrawing the needle, remove an equal volume of headspace to maintain atmospheric pressure within the vial.
    6. Shake vigorously, about 5 to 10 quick upward-downward motions.
    7. Remove the vial from the lead shield and place upright in an appropriately shielded and contained boiling water bath, such that the vial is suspended above the bottom of the bath, and boil for 10 minutes. Timing for 10 minutes is begun as soon as the water begins to boil again. Do not allow the boiling water to come in contact with the aluminum crimp.
    8. Remove the vial from the water bath, place in the lead shield and allow to cool for fifteen minutes.
    9. Using proper shielding, the vial contents should be visually inspected. Use only if the solution is clear and free of particulate matter and discoloration.
    10. Assay the reaction vial using a suitable radioactivity calibration system. Record the Technetium Tc 99m concentration, total volume, assay time and date, expiration time and lot number on the radioassay information label and affix the label to the shield.
    11. Store the reaction vial containing the Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi at 15° to 25°C (59° to 77°F) until use; at such time the product should be aseptically withdrawn. Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi should be used within six hours of preparation. The vial contains no preservative.

    Note: Adherence to the above product reconstitution instructions is recommended.

    Curium US LLC’s Kit for the Preparation of Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi Injection is not to be used with the Recon-o-Stat™ thermal cycler due to the smaller vial size requirements of this heating device.

    The potential for cracking and significant contamination exists whenever vials containing radioactive material are heated.

    Product should be used within 6 hours after preparation.

    Final product with radiochemical purity of at least 90% was used in the clinical trials that established safety and effectiveness. The radiochemical purity was determined by the following method.

    2.4 Determination of Radiochemical Purity in Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi

    1. Obtain a Baker-Flex Aluminum Oxide coated, plastic TLC plate, #1 B-F, pre-cut to 2.5 cm x 7.5 cm.
    2. Dry the plate or plates at 100°C for 1 hour and store in a desiccator. Remove pre-dried plate from the desiccator just prior to use.
    3. Apply 1 drop of ethanol* using a 1 mL syringe with a 22–26 gauge needle, 1.5 cm from the bottom of the plate. THE SPOT SHOULD NOT BE ALLOWED TO DRY.
    4. Add 2 drops of Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi solution, side by side on top of the ethanol* spot. Return the plate to a desiccator and allow the sample spot to dry (typically 15 minutes).
    5. The TLC tank is prepared by pouring ethanol* to a depth of 3–4 mm. Cover the tank and let it equilibrate for ~10 minutes.
    6. Develop the plate in the covered TLC tank in ethanol* for a distance of 5 cm from the point of application.
    7. Cut the TLC plate 4 cm from the bottom and measure the Tc 99m activity in each piece by appropriate radiation detector.
    8. Calculate the % Tc 99m Sestamibi as:

    TLC Plate Diagram 

    *The ethanol used in this procedure should be 95% or greater. Absolute ethanol (99%) should remain at ≥95% ethanol content for one week after opening if stored tightly capped, in a cool dry place.

  • 3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

    Kit for the Preparation of Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi Injection is supplied as a 10 mL vial in a kit of five (5) (NDC # 69945-092-20) or a carton of thirty (30) (NDC # 69945-092-40), sterile and non-pyrogenic.

    Prior to lyophilization the pH is between 5.6-5.7.  The contents of the vial are lyophilized and stored under nitrogen. Protect from light prior to reconstitution.  Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi contains no preservatives.

    Store at 15° to 25°C (59° to 77°F) before and after reconstitution. 

    Included in each five (5) vial kit is one (1) package insert and five (5) radioassay information labels. Included in each thirty (30) vial carton is one (1) package insert and thirty (30) radioassay information labels.

    This reagent kit is approved by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission for distribution to persons licensed to use by-product material identified in §35.200 to 10 CFR Part 35, to persons who have a similar authorization issued by an Agreement State, and, outside the United States, to persons authorized by the appropriate authority.

  • 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

    None known.

  • 5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

    5.1 Warnings

    In studying patients in whom cardiac disease is known or suspected, care should be taken to assure continuous monitoring and treatment in accordance with safe, accepted clinical procedure. Infrequently, death has occurred 4 to 24 hours after Tc 99m Sestamibi use and is usually associated with exercise stress testing [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].

    Pharmacologic induction of cardiovascular stress may be associated with serious adverse events such as myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, hypotension, bronchoconstriction and cerebrovascular events. Caution should be used when pharmacologic stress is selected as an alternative to exercise; it should be used when indicated and in accordance with the pharmacologic stress agent's labeling.

    Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi has been rarely associated with acute severe allergic and anaphylactic events of angioedema and generalized urticaria. In some patients the allergic symptoms developed on the second injection during Tc 99m Sestamibi imaging. Patients who receive Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi for either myocardial or breast imaging are receiving the same drug. Caution should be exercised and emergency equipment should be available when administering Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi. Also, before administering Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi Injection, patients should be asked about the possibility of allergic reactions to the drug.

    5.2 General Precautions

    The contents of the vial are intended only for use in the preparation of Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi and are not to be administered directly to the patient without first undergoing the preparative procedure.

    Radioactive drugs must be handled with care and appropriate safety measures should be used to minimize radiation exposure to clinical personnel. Also, care should be taken to minimize radiation exposure to the patients consistent with proper patient management.

    Contents of the kit before preparation are not radioactive. However, after the Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m Injection is added, adequate shielding of the final preparation must be maintained. The components of the kit are sterile and non-pyrogenic. It is essential to follow directions carefully and to adhere to strict aseptic procedures during preparation.

    Technetium Tc 99m labeling reactions depend on maintaining the stannous ion in the reduced state. Hence, Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m Injection containing oxidants should not be used.

    Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi should not be used more than six hours after preparation.

    Radiopharmaceuticals should be used only by physicians who are qualified by training and experience in the safe use and handling of radionuclides and whose experience and training have been approved by the appropriate government agency authorized to license the use of radionuclides.

    Stress testing should be performed only under the supervision of a qualified physician and in a laboratory equipped with appropriate resuscitation and support apparatus.

    The most frequent exercise stress test endpoints sufficient to stop the test reported during controlled studies (two-thirds were cardiac patients) were:

    Fatigue 35%
    Dyspnea 17%
    Chest Pain 16%
    ST-depression 7%
    Arrhythmia 1%

  • 6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

    Adverse events were evaluated in 3741 adults who were evaluated in clinical studies. Of these patients, 3068 (77% men, 22% women, and 0.7% of the patients' genders were not recorded) were in cardiac clinical trials and 673 (100% women) in breast imaging trials. Cases of angina, chest pain, and death have occurred [see Warnings and Precautions (5)]. Adverse events reported at a rate of 0.5% or greater after receiving Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi administration are shown in the following table:

    Table 2 Selected Adverse Events Reported in > 0.5% of Patients Who Received Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi in Either Breast or Cardiac Clinical Studies*
     

    * Excludes the 22 patients whose genders were not recorded.

     Body System Breast Studies Cardiac Studies
      Women
    n = 673     		 Women
    n = 685     		 Men
    n = 2361     		 Total
    n = 3046
     Body as a Whole  21 (3.1%)  6 (0.9%)  17 (0.7%)  23 (0.8%)
     Headache  11 (1.6%)  2 (0.3%)  4 (0.2%)  6 (0.2%)
     Cardiovascular  9 (1.3%)  24 (3.5%)  75 (3.2%)  99 (3.3%)
     Chest Pain/Angina  0 (0%)  18 (2.6%)  46 (1.9%)  64 (2.1%)
     ST Segment Changes  0 (0%)  11 (1.6%)  29 (1.2%)  40 (1.3%)
     Digestive System  8 (1.2%)  4 (0.6%)  9 (0.4%)  13 (0.4%)
     Nausea  4 (0.6%)  1 (0.1%)  2 (0.1%)  3 (0.1%)
     Special Senses  132 (19.6%)  62 (9.1%)  160 (6.8%)  222 (7.3%)
     Taste Perversion  129 (19.2%)  60 (8.8%)  157 (6.6%)  217 (7.1%)
     Parosmia  8 (1.2%)  6 (0.9%)  10 (0.4%)  16 (0.5%)

    In the clinical studies for breast imaging, breast pain was reported in 12 (1.7%) of the patients. In 11 of these patients the pain appears to be associated with biopsy/surgical procedures.

    The following adverse reactions have been reported in ≤ 0.5% of patients: signs and symptoms consistent with seizure occurring shortly after administration of the agent; transient arthritis; angioedema, arrhythmia, dizziness, syncope, abdominal pain, vomiting, and severe hypersensitivity characterized by dyspnea, hypotension, bradycardia, asthenia, and vomiting within two hours after a second injection of Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi. A few cases of flushing, edema, injection site inflammation, dry mouth, fever, pruritus, rash, urticaria and fatigue have also been attributed to administration of the agent.

  • 7 DRUG INTERACTIONS

    Specific drug-drug interactions have not been studied.

  • 8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

    8.1 Pregnancy Category C

    Animal reproduction and teratogenicity studies have not been conducted with Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi. It is also not known whether Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproductive capacity. There have been no studies in pregnant women. Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.

    8.3 Nursing Mothers

    Technetium Tc 99m Pertechnetate is excreted in human milk during lactation. It is not known whether Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi is excreted in human milk. Therefore, formula feedings should be substituted for breast feedings.

    8.4 Pediatric Use

    Safety and effectiveness in the pediatric population have not been established.

    No evidence of diagnostic efficacy or clinical utility of Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi scan was found in clinical studies of children and adolescents with Kawasaki disease.

    A prospective study of 445 pediatric patients with Kawasaki disease was designed to determine the predictive value of Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi rest and stress myocardial perfusion imaging to define a pediatric population with Kawasaki disease that was at risk of developing cardiac events. Cardiac events were defined as cardiac death, MI, hospitalization due to cardiac etiology, heart failure, CABG or coronary angioplasty. The standard of truth was defined as cardiac events occurring 6 months following the administration of Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi. Only three cardiac events were observed at six months in this study. In all three cases, the scan was negative. No clinically meaningful measurements of sensitivity, specificity or other diagnostic performance parameters could be demonstrated in this study.

    A ten year retrospective case history study of pediatric Kawasaki disease patients who completed Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi myocardial perfusion imaging and who had coronary angiography within three months of the Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi scan was designed to measure sensitivity and specificity of Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi scan. Out of 72 patients who had both evaluable Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi scans and evaluable angiographic images, only one patient had both an abnormal angiogram and an abnormal Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi scan. No clinically meaningful measurements of sensitivity, specificity or other diagnostic performance parameters could be demonstrated in this study.

    In a clinical pharmacology study, 46 pediatric patients with Kawasaki disease received Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi administration at the following doses: 0.1-0.2 mCi/kg for rest, 0.3 mCi/kg for stress in one day studies; 0.2 mCi/kg for rest and 0.2 mCi/kg for stress in two day studies. The radioactivity both in younger children and in adolescents exhibited PK profiles similar to those previously reported in adults [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)]. The radiation absorbed doses in adolescents, both at rest and stress, were similar to those observed in adults [see Dosage And Administration (2.2)]. When comparing weight-adjusted radioactivity (up to 0.3 mCi/kg) doses administered to adolescents and younger children to the recommended dose administered to adults (up to 30 mCi), the radiation absorbed doses in both adolescents and younger children were similar to those in adults.

    Adverse events were evaluated in 609 pediatric patients from the three clinical studies described above. The frequency and the type of the adverse events were similar to the ones observed in the studies of Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi in adults. Two of the 609 had a serious adverse event: one patient received a Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi overdose but remained asymptomatic, and one patient had an asthma exacerbation following administration.

    8.5 Geriatric Use

    Of 3068 patients in clinical studies of Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi for myocardial imaging, 693 patients were 65 or older and 121 were 75 or older.

    Of 673 patients in clinical studies of Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi for breast imaging, 138 patients were 65 or older and 30 were 75 or older.

    Based on the evaluation of the frequency of adverse events and review of vital signs data, no overall differences in safety were observed between these subjects and younger subjects. Although reported clinical experience has not identified differences in response between elderly and younger patients, greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out.

  • 9 DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE

    9.1 Controlled Substance

    Not applicable.

    9.2 Abuse

    Not applicable.

    9.3 Dependence

    Not applicable.

  • 10 OVERDOSAGE

    The clinical consequences of overdosing with Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi are not known.

  • 11 DESCRIPTION

    Each 10 mL vial contains a sterile, non-pyrogenic, lyophilized mixture of:

    Tetrakis (2-methoxy isobutyl isonitrile) Copper (I) tetrafluoroborate - 1 mg

    Sodium Citrate Dihydrate - 2.6 mg

    L-Cysteine Hydrochloride Monohydrate - 1 mg

    Mannitol - 20 mg

    Stannous Chloride, Dihydrate, minimum (SnCl22H2O) - 0.025 mg

    Stannous Chloride, Dihydrate (SnCl22H2O) - 0.075 mg

    Tin Chloride (stannous and stannic) Dihydrate, maximum (as SnCl22H2O) - 0.086 mg

    Prior to lyophilization the pH is 5.6 to 5.7, and sodium hydroxide and/or hydrochloric acid may have been added for pH adjustment. The contents of the vial are lyophilized and stored under nitrogen.

    This drug is administered by intravenous injection for diagnostic use after reconstitution with sterile, non-pyrogenic, oxidant-free Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m Injection. The pH of the reconstituted product is 5.5 (5.0–6.0). No bacteriostatic preservative is present.

    The precise structure of the technetium complex is Tc99m[MIBI]6+ where MIBI is 2-methoxy isobutyl isonitrile.

    Tetrakis (2-methoxy isobutyl isonitrile) Copper (I) tetrafluoroborate has the following structural formula:

    Chemical Structure

    The molecular formula is C24H44N4O4BF4Cu, and the molecular weight is 602.98.

    11.1 Physical Characteristics

    Technetium Tc 99m decays by isomeric transition with a physical half-life of 6.02 hours.1 Photons that are useful for detection and imaging studies are listed below in Table 3.

    Table 3. Principal Radiation Emission Data
     

    1Kocher, David, C., Radioactive Decay Data Tables, DOE/TIC-11026, 108(1981).

     Radiation Mean %/
    Disintegration    		 Mean
    Energy (KeV)
     Gamma-2  89.07  140.5

    11.2 External Radiation

    The specific gamma ray constant for Tc 99m is 5.4 microcoulombs/Kg-MBq-hr (0.78 R/mCi-hr) at 1 cm. The first half value layer is 0.017 cm of Pb. A range of values for the relative attenuation of the radiation emitted by this radionuclide that results from interposition of various thicknesses of Pb is shown in Table 4. To facilitate control of the radiation exposure from Megabequerel (millicurie) amounts of this radionuclide, the use of a 0.25 cm thickness of Pb will attenuate the radiation emitted by a factor of 1,000.

    Table 4. Radiation Attenuation by Lead Shielding
     Shield Thickness (Pb) cm Coefficient of Attenuation
     0.017  0.5
     0.08  10–1
     0.16  10–2
     0.25  10–3
     0.33  10–4

    To correct for physical decay of this radionuclide, the fractions that remain at selected intervals after the time of calibration are shown in Table 5.

    Table 5. Physical Decay Chart; Tc 99m Half-Life 6.02 Hours
     

    * Calibration Time

     Hours Fraction
    Remaining    		 Hours Fraction
    Remaining
     0*  1.000  7  0.447
     1  0.891  8  0.398
     2  0.794  9  0.355
     3  0.708  10  0.316
     4  0.631  11  0.282
     5  0.562  12  0.251
     6  0.501   
  • 12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

    12.1 General

    Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi is a cationic Tc 99m complex which has been found to accumulate in viable myocardial tissue in a manner analogous to that of thallous chloride Tl-201. Scintigraphic images obtained in humans after the intravenous administration of the drug have been comparable to those obtained with thallous chloride Tl-201 in normal and abnormal myocardial tissue.

    Animal studies have shown that myocardial uptake is not blocked when the sodium pump mechanism is inhibited. Although studies of subcellular fractionation and electron micrographic analysis of heart cell aggregates suggest that Tc 99m Sestamibi cellular retention occurs specifically within the mitochondria as a result of electrostatic interactions, the clinical relevance of these findings has not been determined.

    The mechanism of Tc 99m Sestamibi localization in various types of breast tissue (e.g., benign, inflammatory, malignant, fibrous) has not been established.

    12.2 Pharmacokinetics

    Pulmonary activity is negligible even immediately after injection. Blood clearance studies indicate that the fast clearing component clears with a t½ of 4.3 minutes at rest, and clears with a t½ of 1.6 minutes under exercise conditions. At five minutes post injection about 8% of the injected dose remains in circulation. There is less than 1% protein binding of Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi in plasma. The myocardial biological half-life is approximately six hours after a rest or exercise injection. The biological half-life for the liver is approximately 30 minutes after a rest or exercise injection. The effective half-life of clearance (which includes both the biological half-life and radionuclide decay) for the heart is approximately 3 hours, and for the liver is approximately 30 minutes, after a rest or exercise injection. The ideal imaging time reflects the best compromise between heart count rate and surrounding organ uptake.

    Myocardial uptake which is coronary flow dependent is 1.2% of the injected dose at rest and 1.5% of the injected dose at exercise. Table 6 illustrates the biological clearance as well as effective clearance (which includes biological clearance and radionuclide decay) of Tc 99m Sestamibi from the heart and liver.

    [Organ concentrations expressed as percentage of injected dose; data based on an average of 5 subjects at rest and 5 subjects during exercise.]

    Table 6
      REST
     Heart Liver
     Time Biological Effective Biological Effective
     5 min.  1.2  1.2  19.6  19.4
     30 min.  1.1  1.0  12.2  11.5
     1 hour  1.0  0.9  5.6  5.0
     2 hours  1.0  0.8  2.2  1.7
     4 hours  0.8  0.5  0.7  0.4
      STRESS
     Heart Liver
     Time Biological Effective Biological Effective
     5 min.  1.5  1.5  5.9  5.8
     30 min.  1.4  1.3  4.5  4.2
     1 hour  1.4  1.2  2.4  2.1
     2 hours  1.2  1.0  0.9  0.7
     4 hours  1.0  0.6  0.3  0.2

    A study in a dog myocardial ischemia model reported that Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi undergoes myocardial distribution (redistribution), although more slowly and less completely than thallous chloride Tl-201. A study in a dog myocardial infarction model reported that the drug showed no redistribution of any consequence. Definitive human studies to demonstrate possible redistribution have not been reported. In patients with documented myocardial infarction, imaging revealed the infarct up to four hours post dose.

    12.3 Metabolism

    The agent is excreted without any evidence of metabolism.

    12.4 Elimination

    The major pathway for clearance of Tc 99m Sestamibi is the hepatobiliary system. Activity from the gall bladder appears in the intestines within one hour of injection. Twenty-seven percent of the injected dose is excreted in the urine, and approximately thirty-three percent of the injected dose is cleared through the feces in 48 hours.

  • 13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

    13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

    In comparison with most other diagnostic technetium labeled radiopharmaceuticals, the radiation dose to the ovaries (1.5 rads/30 mCi at rest, 1.2 rads/30 mCi at exercise) is high. Minimal exposure (ALARA) is necessary in women of childbearing capability [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].

    The active intermediate, Cu(MIBI)4BF4, was evaluated for genotoxic potential in a battery of five tests. No genotoxic activity was observed in the Ames, CHO/HPRT and sister chromatid exchange tests (all in vitro). At cytotoxic concentrations (>20 μg/mL), an increase in cells with chromosome aberrations was observed in the in vitro human lymphocyte assay. Cu(MIBI)4BF4 did not show genotoxic effects in the in vivo mouse micronucleus test at a dose which caused systemic and bone marrow toxicity (9 mg/kg, > 600 X maximal human dose).

  • 14 CLINICAL STUDIES

    Clinical Trials:

    Myocardial Imaging: In a trial of rest and stress Tc 99m Sestamibi imaging, the relationship of normal or abnormal perfusion scans and long term cardiac events was evaluated in 521 patients (511 men, 10 women) with stable chest pain. There were 73.9% Caucasians, 25.9% Blacks and 0.2% Asians. The mean age was 59.6 years (range: 29 to 84 years). All patients had a baseline rest and exercise Tc 99m Sestamibi scan and were followed for 13.2 ± 4.9 months (range: 1 to 24 months). Images were correlated with the occurrence of a cardiac event (cardiac death or non-fatal myocardial infarction). In this trial as summarized in Table 7, 24/521 (4.6%) had a cardiac event.

    Table 7. Cardiac Events

    (a) Note: Similar findings were found in two studies with patients who had pharmacologic stress Tc 99m Sestamibi imaging.

    (b) p<0.01

     Baseline Scan(a) Proportion of
    patients with events by scan results(a)    		 Proportion of scan result in patients with events; N=24(a) Proportion of event-free patients by scan result(a)
     Normal  1/206 (0.5%)  1/24 (4.2%)  205/206 (99.5%)
     Abnormal  23/315 (7.3%)(b) 23/24 (95.8%)(b) 292/315 (92.7%)(b)

    Although patients with normal images had a lower cardiac event rate than those with abnormal images, in all patients with abnormal images it was not possible to predict which patient would be likely to have further cardiac events; i.e., such individuals were not distinguishable from other patients with abnormal images.

    The findings were not evaluated for defect location, disease duration, specific vessel involvement or intervening management.

    In earlier trials, using a template consisting of the anterior wall, inferior-posterior wall and isolated apex, localization in the anterior or inferior-posterior wall in patients with suspected angina or coronary artery disease was shown. Disease localization isolated to the apex has not been established. In adults, Tc 99m Sestamibi has not been studied or evaluated in cardiac disorders other than coronary artery disease.

    Breast Imaging: Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi was evaluated in two multicenter, clinical trials of a total of 673 woman patients. Overall the mean age was 52 (range 23 to 87 years). The racial and ethnic representation was 70% Caucasian, 15% African-American, 14% Hispanic and 1% Asian.

    Both clinical studies evaluated women who were referred for further evaluation for either: 1) a mammographically detected (with varying degrees of malignant likelihood) but not palpable breast lesion (study A, n=387, mean age = 54 years), or 2) a palpable breast lesion (study B, n=286, mean age = 50 years). In both studies all patients were scheduled for biopsy.

    Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi (20–30 mCi) was injected intravenously in a vein that was contralateral to the breast lesion in question. Planar imaging was completed with a high resolution collimator with a 10% window centered at 140 KeV, and 128 x 128 matrix. An initial marker image, that was not used in the data analysis, was obtained using a cobalt Co57 point source as a marker of a palpable mass. Images were obtained 5 minutes after injection as follows: lateral image of the affected breast for 10 minutes, lateral image of the contralateral breast for 10 minutes, and an anterior image of both breasts for 10 minutes. For the lateral image the patients were positioned in a prone position. For the anterior image, the patients were supine. The Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi scintigraphic images were read in a randomized method by two groups of three blinded readers. Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi uptake was scored as: normal (no uptake), equivocal, low, moderate, or high uptake. The results of Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi images and mammography were analyzed in comparison to histopathologic findings of malignant or non-malignant disease.

    As shown in Table 8 for the 483 evaluable patients, the sensitivity and specificity of any degree of Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi uptake appear to vary with the presence or absence of palpable mass.

    Table 8 Overall Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi Blinded Results of Target Lesions(a) Identified at Study Entry(b)
     (a) Excludes all discordant lesions not identified at entry and excludes 25 equivocal interpretations from Study A and 32 equivocal interpretations from Study B (see Tables 9 and 10)
     (b) some patients had more than one target lesion

    (c) Median and approximated 95% Confidence Interval

    (d) PPV = Positive Predict Value; NPV = Negative Predict Value

     STATISTIC  Study A
    Non-Palpable Mass and an
    Abnormal Mammogram     		 Study B
    Palpable Mass
     Number of Patients and Lesions  N=277 Patients with 300 Lesions  N=206 Patients with 240 Lesions
     Sensitivity  52(42,62)(c) 76(67,83)
     Specificity  94(89,96)  85(77,91)
     PPV(d) 79(67,88)  83(74,89)
     NPV(d) 80(74,85)  78(69,84)
     Agreement  80(75,85)  80(75,85)
     Prevalence  32(27,37)  49(43,56)

    In separate retrospective subset analyses of 259 patients with dense (heterogeneously/extremely dense) and 275 patients with fatty (almost entirely fat/numerous vague densities) breast tissue, the Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi results were similar. Overall, the studies were not designed to compare the performance of Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi with the performance of mammography in patients with breast densities or other coexistent breast tissue disorders.

    In general the histology seems to correlate with the degree of Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi uptake. As shown in Tables 9 and 10, the majority of the normal Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi images are associated with non-malignant tissue (78–81%) and the majority of low, moderate or high uptake Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi images are associated with malignant disease (79–83%). In an individual patient, however, the intensity of Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi uptake can not be used to confirm the presence or absence of malignancy. Equivocal results do not have a correlation with histology.

    Table 9 Degree of Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi Breast Imaging Uptake in Comparison to Histopathology Results in Patients with Mammographically Detected Non-Palpable Lesions* (Study A)

    * Median finding for 3 blinded readers

    ** Includes benign tissue, fibroadenoma, benign intramammary nodes, radial scar

      Normal Uptake
    N = 249 lesions     		 Equivocal Uptake
    N = 25 lesions     		 Low, Moderate or
    High Uptake
    N = 66 lesions
     Non-malignant**  201 (81%)  14 (56%)  14 (21%)
     Malignant  48 (19%)  11 (44%)  52 (79%)
    Table 10 Degree of Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi Breast Imaging Uptake in Comparison to Histopathology Results in Patients with Palpable Lesions* (Study B)

    * Median finding for 3 blinded readers

    ** Includes benign tissue, fibroadenoma, benign intramammary nodes, radial scar

      Normal Uptake
    N = 129 lesions     		 Equivocal Uptake
    N = 32 lesions     		 Low, Moderate or
    High Uptake
    N = 115 lesions
     Non-malignant**  100 (78%)  19 (59%)  20 (17%)
     Malignant  29 (22%)  13 (41%)  95 (83%)

    An estimate of the likelihood of malignancy based on the Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi uptake score in combination with the mammographic score has not been studied.

    In these two studies approximately 150 additional, non-biopsied lesions were found to be positive after Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi imaging. These lesions were identified in sites that did not physically correlate with identified entry criteria mammographic lesions and these lesions were not palpable. These lesions were not biopsied. Whether these lesions were benign or malignant is not known. Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi uptake can occur in both benign and malignant disease. THE CLINICAL USEFULNESS OF A POSITIVE Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi IMAGE IN THE ABSENCE OF AN ABNORMAL MAMMOGRAM OR A PALPABLE LESION IS NOT KNOWN.

  • 15 REFERENCES

    Not applicable.

  • 16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING

    The patient dose should be measured by a suitable radioactivity calibration system immediately prior to patient administration. Radiochemical purity should be checked prior to patient administration.

    Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration whenever solution and container permit.

    Store at 15° to 25°C (59° to 77°F) before and after reconstitution.  Protect from light prior to reconstitution.

  • 17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION

    CARDIOLITE® and MIRALUMA® are different names for the same drug (Kit for the Preparation of Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi Injection). Patients should be advised to inform their health care provider if they had an allergic reaction to either drug or if they had an imaging study with either drug.

    Curium and the Curium logo are trademarks of a Curium company.
    ©2018 Curium US LLC. All Rights Reserved.

    CARDIOLITE, MIRALUMA and Recon-o-Stat are trademarks of Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc.

    A092I3

    Manufactured by:
    Curium US LLC
    2703 Wagner Place
    Maryland Heights, MO 63043

    Made in USA

    Issued R12/2018

    CURIUM™

  • Package Label - Principal Display Panel - Vial Label

    Kit for the Preparation of Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi Injection

    FOR INTRAVENOUS USE AFTER LABELING WITH ADDITIVE-FREE TECHNETIUM Tc 99m

    See package insert for full prescribing information.

    Rx only

    Each sterile and non-pyrogenic vial contains: Tetrakis (2-methoxy isobutyl isonitrile) Copper (I) tetrafluoroborate-1mg; Stannous Chloride Dihydrate-0.075 mg; L-Cysteine Hydrochloride Monohydrate-1mg; Sodium Citrate Dihydrate-2.6 mg; Mannitol-20 mg. The pH is adjusted to 5.6 to 5.7 with HCl or NaOH prior to lyophilization. Sealed under nitrogen.

    Store at 15° to 25°C (59° to 77°F). Protect from light.

    Manufactured by:
    Curium US LLC
    Maryland Heights, MO 63043

    Made in USA

    CURIUM™

    A092V3

    R12/2018

    Display Panel A092V3
  • INGREDIENTS AND APPEARANCE
    TECHNETIUM TC 99M SESTAMIBI 
    technetium tc 99m sestamibi injection
    Product Information
    Product TypeHUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUGItem Code (Source)NDC: 69945-092
    Route of AdministrationINTRAVENOUS
    Active Ingredient/Active Moiety
    Ingredient NameBasis of StrengthStrength
    TETRAKIS(2-METHOXYISOBUTYLISOCYANIDE)COPPER(I) TETRAFLUOROBORATE (UNII: N6OU7HJ70P) (TETRAKIS(2-METHOXYISOBUTYLISOCYANIDE)COPPER(I) TETRAFLUOROBORATE - UNII:N6OU7HJ70P) TETRAKIS(2-METHOXYISOBUTYLISOCYANIDE)COPPER(I) TETRAFLUOROBORATE1 mg  in 1 mL
    Inactive Ingredients
    Ingredient NameStrength
    TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE (UNII: B22547B95K)  
    CYSTEINE HYDROCHLORIDE (UNII: ZT934N0X4W)  
    MANNITOL (UNII: 3OWL53L36A)  
    STANNOUS CHLORIDE (UNII: 1BQV3749L5)  
    Packaging
    #Item CodePackage DescriptionMarketing Start DateMarketing End Date
    1NDC: 69945-092-205 in 1 CELLO PACK10/31/2011
    110 mL in 1 VIAL; Type 0: Not a Combination Product
    2NDC: 69945-092-4030 in 1 CARTON10/31/2011
    210 mL in 1 VIAL; Type 0: Not a Combination Product
    Marketing Information
    Marketing CategoryApplication Number or Monograph CitationMarketing Start DateMarketing End Date
    ANDAANDA07809810/31/2011
    Labeler - Curium US LLC (079875617)
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