When pregnancy is detected, discontinue TWYNSTA as soon as possible [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ) and Use in Specific Populations ( 8.1 )] . Drugs that act directly on the renin-angiotensin system can cause injury and death to the developing fetus [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ) and Use in Specific Populations ( 8.1 )] .
TWYNSTA (telmisartan/amlodipine) tablets are indicated for the treatment of hypertension, alone or with other antihypertensive agents to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. These benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes incl...
Telmisartan is an effective treatment of hypertension in once daily doses of 20 to 80 mg while amlodipine is effective in doses of 2.5 to 10 mg. Dosage must be individualized and may be increased after at least 2 weeks. Most of the antihypertensive effect is apparent within 2 weeks and maximal reduction is generally attained after 4 weeks. The maximum recommended dose of TWYNSTA tablets is 80/10 mg once daily. The...
TWYNSTA tablets are available as non-scored, white–off-white/blue, multilayer tablets of oval, biconvex shape containing telmisartan and amlodipine in the strengths described below. TWYNSTA tablets are debossed with a Boehringer Ingelheim company symbol and an individual product tablet code on one side. TWYNSTA tablets are supplied for oral administration in the following strengths and package configurations: Tabl...
www.fda.gov/medwatchTWYNSTA (telmisartan/amlodipine) tablets are indicated for the treatment of hypertension, alone or with other antihypertensive agents to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. These benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes including angiotensin II receptor blockers and dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers. There are no controlled trials demonstrating risk reduction with TWYNSTA.
Control of high blood pressure should be part of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake. Many patients will require more than one drug to achieve blood pressure goals. For specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program’s Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC).
Numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a variety of pharmacologic classes and with different mechanisms of action, have been shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and it can be concluded that it is blood pressure reduction, and not some other pharmacologic property of the drugs, that is largely responsible for those benefits. The largest and most consistent cardiovascular outcome benefit has been a reduction in the risk of stroke, but reductions in myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality also have been seen regularly.
Elevated systolic or diastolic pressure causes increased cardiovascular risk, and the absolute risk increase per mmHg is greater at higher blood pressures, so that even modest reductions of severe hypertension can provide substantial benefit. Relative risk reduction from blood pressure reduction is similar across populations with varying absolute risk, so the absolute benefit is greater in patients who are at higher risk independent of their hypertension (for example, patients with diabetes or hyperlipidemia), and such patients would be expected to benefit from more aggressive treatment to a lower blood pressure goal.
Some antihypertensive drugs have smaller blood pressure effects (as monotherapy) in black patients, and many antihypertensive drugs have additional approved indications and effects (e.g., on angina, heart failure, or diabetic kidney disease). These considerations may guide selection of therapy.
TWYNSTA tablets may also be used as initial therapy in patients who are likely to need multiple drugs to achieve their blood pressure goals.
Base the choice of TWYNSTA tablets as initial therapy for hypertension on an assessment of potential benefits and risks including whether the patient is likely to tolerate the starting dose of TWYNSTA tablets.
Patients with moderate or severe hypertension are at relatively high risk for cardiovascular events (such as strokes, heart attacks, and heart failure), kidney failure, and vision problems, so prompt treatment is clinically relevant. Consider the patient's baseline blood pressure, the target goal, and the incremental likelihood of achieving goal with a combination compared with monotherapy when deciding whether to use TWYNSTA tablets as initial therapy. Individual blood pressure goals may vary based upon the patient’s risk.
Data from an 8-week, placebo-controlled, multidose, factorial trial provide estimates of the probability of reaching a blood pressure goal with TWYNSTA compared to telmisartan or amlodipine monotherapy and placebo [see Clinical Studies (14.1)].
The figures below provide estimates of the likelihood of achieving systolic and diastolic blood pressure control with TWYNSTA 80/10 mg tablets, based upon baseline systolic or diastolic blood pressure. The curve of each treatment group was estimated by logistic regression modeling. The estimated likelihood at the right tail of each curve is less reliable due to small numbers of subjects with high baseline blood pressures.
Figure 1a: Probability of Achieving Systolic Blood Pressure <140 mmHg at Week 8
Figure 1b: Probability of Achieving Systolic Blood Pressure <130 mmHg at Week 8
Figure 2a: Probability of Achieving Diastolic Blood Pressure <90 mmHg at Week 8
Figure 2b: Probability of Achieving Diastolic Blood Pressure <80 mmHg at Week 8
The figures above provide an approximation of the likelihood of reaching a targeted blood pressure goal at 8 weeks. For example, a patient with a baseline blood pressure of 160/110 mmHg has about a 16% likelihood of achieving a goal of <140 mmHg (systolic) and 16% likelihood of achieving <90 mmHg (diastolic) on placebo. The likelihood of achieving these same goals on telmisartan is about 46% (systolic) and 26% (diastolic). The likelihood of achieving these same goals on amlodipine is about 69% (systolic) and 22% (diastolic). These likelihoods rise to 79% for systolic and 55% for diastolic with TWYNSTA.
Telmisartan is an effective treatment of hypertension in once daily doses of 20 to 80 mg while amlodipine is effective in doses of 2.5 to 10 mg.
Dosage must be individualized and may be increased after at least 2 weeks. Most of the antihypertensive effect is apparent within 2 weeks and maximal reduction is generally attained after 4 weeks. The maximum recommended dose of TWYNSTA tablets is 80/10 mg once daily.
The adverse reactions of telmisartan are uncommon and independent of dose; those of amlodipine are a mixture of dose-dependent phenomena (primarily peripheral edema) and dose-independent phenomena, the former much more common than the latter [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].
TWYNSTA may be taken with or without food.
Patients receiving amlodipine and telmisartan from separate tablets may instead receive TWYNSTA tablets containing the same component doses once daily. When substituting for individual components, increase the dose of TWYNSTA if blood pressure control has not been satisfactory.
TWYNSTA tablets may be used to provide additional blood pressure lowering for patients not adequately controlled with amlodipine (or another dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker) alone or with telmisartan (or another angiotensin receptor blocker) alone.
Patients treated with 10 mg amlodipine who experience any dose-limiting adverse reactions such as edema, may be switched to TWYNSTA 40/5 mg tablets once daily, reducing the dose of amlodipine without reducing the overall expected antihypertensive response [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].
A patient may be initiated on TWYNSTA tablets if it is unlikely that control of blood pressure would be achieved with a single agent. The usual starting dose of TWYNSTA is 40/5 mg once daily. Patients requiring larger blood pressure reductions may be started on TWYNSTA 80/5 mg once daily.
Initial therapy with TWYNSTA is not recommended in patients ≥75 years old or with hepatic impairment [see Dosage and Administration (2.5), Warnings and Precautions (5.4), and Use in Specific Populations (8.5, 8.6)].
Correct imbalances of intravascular volume- or salt-depletion, before initiating therapy with TWYNSTA tablets [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
Renal Impairment
No initial dosage
adjustment is required for patients with mild or moderate renal impairment.
Titrate slowly in patients with severe renal impairment.
Hepatic Impairment
In most patients, initiate amlodipine therapy
at 2.5 mg. Titrate slowly in patients with hepatic impairment.
Patients 75 Years of Age
and Older
In most patients, initiate
amlodipine therapy at 2.5 mg. Titrate slowly in patients 75 years
of age and older.
TWYNSTA tablets are formulated for oral administration in the following strength combinations:
| 40/5 mg | 40/10 mg | 80/5 mg | 80/10 mg | |
| telmisartan | 40 | 40 | 80 | 80 |
| amlodipine equivalent | 5 | 10 | 5 | 10 |
The telmisartan/amlodipine non-scored, multilayer tablets are of oval, biconvex shape. Tablets are white to off-white on one side and blue on the other side. The white side is debossed with the BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM symbol and with either A1, A2, A3, or A4 for the 40/5 mg, 40/10 mg, 80/5 mg, and 80/10 mg strengths, respectively.
TWYNSTA tablets are contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylaxis or angioedema) to telmisartan, amlodipine, or any other component of this product [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)].
Do not co-administer aliskiren with TWYNSTA in patients with diabetes [see Drug Interactions (7.2)].
Use of drugs that act on the renin-angiotensin system during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy reduces fetal renal function and increases fetal and neonatal morbidity and death. Resulting oligohydramnios can be associated with fetal lung hypoplasia and skeletal deformations. Potential neonatal adverse effects include skull hypoplasia, anuria, hypotension, renal failure, and death. When pregnancy is detected, discontinue TWYNSTA as soon as possible [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].
Telmisartan
In patients with an activated renin-angiotensin
system, such as volume- or salt-depleted patients (e.g., those being
treated with high doses of diuretics), symptomatic hypotension may
occur after initiation of therapy with TWYNSTA tablets. Either correct
this condition prior to administration of TWYNSTA tablets, or start
treatment under close medical supervision with a reduced dose.
If hypotension does occur, place the patient in the supine position and, if necessary, give an intravenous infusion of normal saline. A transient hypotensive response is not a contraindication to further treatment, which usually can be continued without difficulty once the blood pressure has stabilized.
Amlodipine
Symptomatic hypotension is possible, particularly in patients with severe aortic stenosis. Because of the gradual onset of action, acute hypotension is unlikely.
Telmisartan
Hyperkalemia may occur in patients on ARBs,
particularly in patients with advanced renal impairment, heart failure,
on renal replacement therapy, or on potassium supplements, potassium-sparing
diuretics, potassium-containing salt substitutes or other drugs that
increase potassium levels. Consider periodic determinations of serum
electrolytes to detect possible electrolyte imbalances, particularly
in patients at risk.
Telmisartan
As the majority
of telmisartan is eliminated by biliary excretion, patients with biliary
obstructive disorders or hepatic insufficiency can be expected to
have reduced clearance. Initiate telmisartan at low doses and titrate
slowly in these patients [see Dosage and Administration
(2.5), Use in Specific Populations
(8.6), and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
Amlodipine
Amlodipine is extensively metabolized by the liver and
the plasma elimination half-life (t1/2) is
56 hours in patients with impaired hepatic function. Since patients
with hepatic impairment have decreased clearance of amlodipine, start
amlodipine or add amlodipine at 2.5 mg in patients with hepatic impairment.
The lowest dose of TWYNSTA is 40/5 mg; therefore, initial therapy
with TWYNSTA tablets is not recommended in hepatically impaired patients [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6)].
Telmisartan
As a consequence of inhibiting
the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, anticipate changes in renal
function in susceptible individuals. In patients whose renal function
may depend on the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
(e.g., patients with severe congestive heart failure or renal dysfunction),
treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and
angiotensin receptor antagonists has been associated with oliguria
and/or progressive azotemia and (rarely) with acute renal failure
and/or death. Similar results may be anticipated in patients treated
with telmisartan [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
In studies of ACE inhibitors in patients with unilateral or bilateral renal artery stenosis, increases in serum creatinine or blood urea nitrogen were observed. There has been no long-term use of telmisartan in patients with unilateral or bilateral renal artery stenosis, but anticipate an effect similar to that seen with ACE inhibitors.
Telmisartan
Dual blockade of the RAS with angiotensin-receptor
blockers, ACE inhibitors, or aliskiren is associated with increased
risks of hypotension, hyperkalemia, and changes in renal function
(including acute renal failure) compared to monotherapy.
The ONTARGET trial enrolled 25,620 patients ≥55 years old with atherosclerotic disease or diabetes with end-organ damage, randomized them to telmisartan only, ramipril only, or the combination, and followed them for a median of 56 months. Patients receiving the combination of telmisartan and ramipril did not obtain any additional benefit compared to monotherapy, but experienced an increased incidence of renal dysfunction (e.g., acute renal failure) compared with groups receiving telmisartan alone or ramipril alone.
In most patients no benefit has been associated with using two RAS inhibitors concomitantly. In general, avoid combined use of RAS inhibitors. Closely monitor blood pressure, renal function and electrolytes in patients on TWYNSTA and other agents that affect the RAS.
Do not co-administer aliskiren with TWYNSTA in patients with diabetes. Avoid concomitant use of aliskiren with TWYNSTA in patients with renal impairment (GFR <60 mL/min /1.73 m2).
Amlodipine
Worsening angina and acute myocardial infarction can develop after
starting or increasing the dose of TWYNSTA, particularly in patients
with severe obstructive coronary artery disease.
Amlodipine
Closely monitor patients with heart failure.
Amlodipine (5 to 10 mg per day) has been studied in a placebo-controlled trial of 1153 patients with NYHA Class III or IV heart failure on stable doses of ACE inhibitor, digoxin, and diuretics. Follow-up was at least 6 months, with a mean of about 14 months. There was no overall adverse effect on survival or cardiac morbidity (as defined by life-threatening arrhythmia, acute myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for worsened heart failure). Amlodipine has been compared to placebo in four 8 to 12 week studies of patients with NYHA class II/III heart failure, involving a total of 697 patients. In these studies, there was no evidence of worsening of heart failure based on measures of exercise tolerance, NYHA classification, symptoms, or LVEF. In the PRAISE-2 study, 1654 patients with NYHA class III (80%) or IV (20%) heart failure without evidence of underlying ischemic disease, on stable doses of ACE inhibitor (99%), digitalis (99%), and diuretics (99%) were randomized 1:1 to receive placebo or amlodipine and followed for a mean of 33 months. While there was no statistically significant difference between amlodipine and placebo in the primary endpoint of all-cause mortality (95% confidence limits from 8% reduction to 29% increase on amlodipine), there were more reports of pulmonary edema in the patients on amlodipine.
Because clinical studies are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reactions rates observed in the clinical studies of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical studies of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
TWYNSTA Tablets
The concomitant use of telmisartan and amlodipine has
been evaluated for safety in more than 3700 patients with hypertension;
approximately 1900 of these patients were exposed for at least 6 months
and over 160 of these patients were exposed for at least one year.
Adverse reactions have generally been mild and transient in nature
and have only infrequently required discontinuation of therapy.
In the placebo-controlled factorial design study, the population treated with a telmisartan and amlodipine combination had a mean age of 53 years and included approximately 50% males, 79% were Caucasian, 17% Blacks, and 4% Asians. Patients received doses ranging from 20/2.5 mg to 80/10 mg orally, once daily.
The frequency of adverse reactions was not related to gender, age, or race.
The adverse reactions that occurred in the placebo-controlled factorial design trial in ≥2% of patients treated with TWYNSTA and at a higher incidence in TWYNSTA-treated patients (n=789) than placebo-treated patients (n=46) were peripheral edema (4.8% vs 0%), dizziness (3.0% vs 2.2%), and back pain (2.2% vs 0%). Edema (other than peripheral edema), hypotension, and syncope were reported in <2% of patients treated with TWYNSTA tablets.
In the placebo-controlled factorial design trial, discontinuation due to adverse events occurred in 2.2% of all treatment cells of patients in the telmisartan/amlodipine-treated patients and in 4.3% in the placebo-treated group. The most common reasons for discontinuation of therapy with TWYNSTA tablets were peripheral edema, dizziness, and hypotension (each ≤0.5%).
Peripheral edema is a known, dose-dependent adverse reaction of amlodipine, but not of telmisartan. In the factorial design study, the incidence of peripheral edema during the 8 week, randomized, double-blind treatment period was highest with amlodipine 10 mg monotherapy. The incidence was notably lower when telmisartan was used in combination with amlodipine 10 mg.
| Telmisartan | ||||
| Placebo | 40 mg | 80 mg | ||
| Amlodipine | Placebo | 0% | 0.8% | 0.7% |
| 5 mg | 0.7% | 1.4% | 2.1% | |
| 10 mg | 17.8% | 6.2% | 11.3% | |
Telmisartan
Telmisartan has been evaluated for safety in
more than 3700 patients, including 1900 treated for over 6 months
and more than 1300 for over one year. Adverse experiences have generally
been mild and transient in nature and have only infrequently required
discontinuation of therapy.
In placebo-controlled trials involving 1041 patients treated with various doses of telmisartan (20 to 160 mg) monotherapy for up to 12 weeks, an overall incidence of adverse events was similar to the patients treated with placebo.
Adverse events occurring at an incidence of ≥1% in patients treated with telmisartan and at a greater rate than in patients treated with placebo, irrespective of their causal association, are presented in Table 2.
| Telmisartan n=1455 % | Placebo n=380 % | |
| Upper respiratory tract infection | 7 | 6 |
| Back pain | 3 | 1 |
| Sinusitis | 3 | 2 |
| Diarrhea | 3 | 2 |
| Pharyngitis | 1 | 0 |
In addition to the adverse events in the table, the following events occurred at a rate of ≥1% but were at least as frequent in the placebo group: influenza-like symptoms, dyspepsia, myalgia, urinary tract infection, abdominal pain, headache, dizziness, pain, fatigue, coughing, hypertension, chest pain, nausea, and peripheral edema. Discontinuation of therapy because of adverse events was required in 2.8% of 1455 patients treated with telmisartan tablets and 6.1% of 380 placebo patients in placebo-controlled clinical trials.
The incidence of adverse events was not dose-related and did not correlate with gender, age, or race of patients.
The incidence of cough occurring with telmisartan in 6 placebo-controlled trials was identical to that noted for placebo-treated patients (1.6%).
In addition to those listed above, adverse
events that occurred in >0.3% of 3500 patients treated with telmisartan
monotherapy in controlled or open trials are listed below. It cannot
be determined whether these events were causally related to telmisartan
tablets:
Autonomic Nervous System: impotence,
increased sweating, flushing; Body as a Whole: allergy,
fever, leg pain, malaise; Cardiovascular: palpitation,
dependent edema, angina pectoris, tachycardia, leg edema, abnormal
ECG; CNS: insomnia, somnolence, migraine, vertigo,
paresthesia, involuntary muscle contractions, hypoesthesia; Gastrointestinal: flatulence, constipation, gastritis,
vomiting, dry mouth, hemorrhoids, gastroenteritis, enteritis, gastroesophageal
reflux, toothache, non-specific gastrointestinal disorders; Metabolic: gout, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus; Musculoskeletal: arthritis, arthralgia, leg cramps; Psychiatric: anxiety, depression, nervousness; Resistance Mechanism: infection, fungal infection, abscess,
otitis media; Respiratory: asthma, bronchitis, rhinitis,
dyspnea, epistaxis; Skin: dermatitis, rash, eczema,
pruritus; Urinary: micturition frequency, cystitis; Vascular: cerebrovascular disorder; and Special
Senses: abnormal vision, conjunctivitis, tinnitus, earache.
During initial clinical studies, a single case of angioedema was reported (among a total of 3781 patients treated).
Clinical Laboratory
Findings
In placebo-controlled clinical
trials, clinically relevant changes in standard laboratory test parameters
were rarely associated with administration of telmisartan tablets.
Hemoglobin: A greater than
2 g/dL decrease in hemoglobin was observed in 0.8% telmisartan patients
compared with 0.3% placebo patients. No patients discontinued therapy
due to anemia.
Creatinine: A 0.5 mg/dL rise or greater in creatinine was observed
in 0.4% telmisartan patients compared with 0.3% placebo patients.
One telmisartan-treated patient discontinued therapy due to increases
in creatinine and blood urea nitrogen.
Liver Enzymes: Occasional elevations of liver
chemistries occurred in patients treated with telmisartan; all marked
elevations occurred at a higher frequency with placebo. No telmisartan-treated
patients discontinued therapy due to abnormal hepatic function.
Amlodipine
Amlodipine has been evaluated for safety in more than
11,000 patients in U.S. and foreign clinical trials. Most adverse
reactions reported during therapy with amlodipine were of mild or
moderate severity. In controlled clinical trials directly comparing
amlodipine (n=1730) in doses up to 10 mg to placebo (n=1250), discontinuation
of amlodipine due to adverse reactions was required in only about
1.5% of amlodipine-treated patients and was not significantly different
from that seen in placebo-treated patients (about 1%). The most common
side effects were headache and edema. The incidence (%) of side effects
which occurred in a dose-related manner are presented in Table 3.
| Adverse Event | Amlodipine
2.5 mg n=275 % | Amlodipine
5.0 mg n=296 % | Amlodipine
10.0 mg n=268 % | Placebo n=520 % |
| Edema | 1.8 | 3.0 | 10.8 | 0.6 |
| Dizziness | 1.1 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 1.5 |
| Flushing | 0.7 | 1.4 | 2.6 | 0.0 |
| Palpitations | 0.7 | 1.4 | 4.5 | 0.6 |
Other adverse experiences which were not clearly dose related but which were reported with an incidence greater than 1% in placebo-controlled clinical trials are presented in Table 4.
| Adverse Event | Amlodipine n=1730 % | Placebo n=1250 % |
| Headache | 7.3 | 7.8 |
| Fatigue | 4.5 | 2.8 |
| Nausea | 2.9 | 1.9 |
| Abdominal pain | 1.6 | 0.3 |
| Somnolence | 1.4 | 0.6 |
The following events occurred in
<1% but >0.1% of patients in controlled clinical trials or under
conditions of open trials or marketing experience where a causal relationship
is uncertain; they are listed to alert the physician to a possible
relationship:
Cardiovascular: arrhythmia (including ventricular tachycardia and atrial
fibrillation), bradycardia, chest pain, hypotension, peripheral ischemia,
syncope, tachycardia, postural dizziness, postural hypotension, vasculitis; Central and Peripheral Nervous System: hypoesthesia, neuropathy peripheral, paresthesia, tremor, vertigo; Gastrointestinal: anorexia, constipation,
dyspepsia,** dysphagia, diarrhea, flatulence,
pancreatitis, vomiting, gingival hyperplasia, change of bowel habit; General: allergic reaction, asthenia,** back pain, hot flushes, malaise, pain, rigors, weight
gain, weight decrease; Musculoskeletal System: arthralgia, arthrosis, muscle cramps,** myalgia; Psychiatric: sexual dysfunction (male**
and female), insomnia, nervousness, depression, abnormal dreams, anxiety,
depersonalization, mood change; Respiratory System: dyspnea,** epistaxis; Skin and Appendages: angioedema, erythema
multiforme, pruritus,** rash,** rash erythematous, rash maculopapular; Special Senses: abnormal vision, conjunctivitis,
diplopia, eye pain, tinnitus; Urinary System: micturition frequency, micturition disorder, nocturia; Autonomic Nervous System: dry mouth,
sweating increased; Metabolic and Nutritional: hyperglycemia, thirst; Hemopoietic: leukopenia, purpura, thrombocytopenia.
**These events occurred in less than 1% in placebo-controlled
trials, but the incidence of these side effects was between 1% and
2% in all multiple dose studies.
The following events occurred in <0.1% of patients: cardiac failure, pulse irregularity, extrasystoles, skin discoloration, urticaria, skin dryness, alopecia, dermatitis, muscle weakness, twitching, ataxia, hypertonia, migraine, cold and clammy skin, apathy, agitation, amnesia, gastritis, increased appetite, loose stools, coughing, rhinitis, dysuria, polyuria, parosmia, taste perversion, abnormal visual accommodation, and xerophthalmia.
Other reactions occurred sporadically and cannot be distinguished from medications or concurrent disease states such as myocardial infarction and angina.
Amlodipine has not been associated with clinically significant changes in routine laboratory tests. No clinically relevant changes were noted in serum potassium, serum glucose, total triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, or creatinine.
Amlodipine has been used safely in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, well-compensated congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and abnormal lipid profiles.
Adverse reactions reported for amlodipine for indications other than hypertension may be found in the prescribing information for Norvasc®.
The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of telmisartan or amlodipine. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to estimate reliably their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Decisions to include these reactions in labeling are typically based on one or more of the following factors: (1) seriousness of the reaction, (2) frequency of reporting, or (3) strength of causal connection to telmisartan or amlodipine.
Telmisartan
The most frequently
spontaneously reported events include: headache, dizziness, asthenia,
coughing, nausea, fatigue, weakness, edema, face edema, lower limb
edema, angioneurotic edema, urticaria, hypersensitivity, sweating
increased, erythema, chest pain, atrial fibrillation, congestive heart
failure, myocardial infarction, blood pressure increased, hypertension
aggravated, hypotension (including postural hypotension), hyperkalemia,
syncope, dyspepsia, diarrhea, pain, urinary tract infection, erectile
dysfunction, back pain, abdominal pain, muscle cramps (including leg
cramps), myalgia, bradycardia, eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, uric
acid increased, abnormal hepatic function/liver disorder, renal impairment
including acute renal failure, anemia, and increased CPK, anaphylactic
reaction, tendon pain (including tendonitis, tenosynovitis), drug
eruption (e.g., toxic skin eruption mostly reported as toxicoderma,
rash, and urticaria), hypoglycemia (in diabetic patients), and angioedema
(with fatal outcome).
Rare cases of rhabdomyolysis have been reported in patients receiving angiotensin II receptor blockers, including telmisartan.
Amlodipine
Gynecomastia has been reported infrequently and a causal relationship
is uncertain. Jaundice and hepatic enzyme elevations (mostly consistent
with cholestasis or hepatitis), in some cases severe enough to require
hospitalization, have been reported in association with use of amlodipine.
Postmarketing reporting has also revealed a possible association between extrapyramidal disorder and amlodipine.
The pharmacokinetics of amlodipine and telmisartan are not altered when the drugs are co-administered.
No drug interaction studies have been conducted with TWYNSTA tablets and other drugs, although studies have been conducted with the individual amlodipine and telmisartan components of TWYNSTA tablets, as described below:
Aliskiren: Do not co-administer aliskiren with TWYNSTA in patients with diabetes. Avoid use of aliskiren with TWYNSTA in patients with renal impairment (GFR <60 mL/min).
Digoxin: When telmisartan was co-administered with digoxin, median increases in digoxin peak plasma concentration (49%) and in trough concentration (20%) were observed. Therefore, monitor digoxin levels when initiating, adjusting, and discontinuing telmisartan for the purpose of keeping the digoxin level within the therapeutic range.
Lithium: Reversible increases in serum lithium concentrations and toxicity have been reported during concomitant administration of lithium with angiotensin II receptor antagonists including telmisartan. Therefore, monitor serum lithium levels during concomitant use.
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents including Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors (COX-2 Inhibitors): In patients who are elderly, volume-depleted (including those on diuretic therapy), or with compromised renal function, co-administration of NSAIDs, including selective COX-2 inhibitors, with angiotensin II receptor antagonists, including telmisartan, may result in deterioration of renal function, including possible acute renal failure. These effects are usually reversible. Monitor renal function periodically in patients receiving telmisartan and NSAID therapy.
The antihypertensive effect of angiotensin II receptor antagonists, including telmisartan may be attenuated by NSAIDs including selective COX-2 inhibitors.
In clinical trials, amlodipine has been safely administered with thiazide diuretics, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, long-acting nitrates, sublingual nitroglycerin, digoxin, warfarin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, and oral hypoglycemic drugs.
Simvastatin: Co-administration of multiple doses of 10 mg of amlodipine with 80 mg simvastatin resulted in a 77% increase in exposure to simvastatin compared to simvastatin alone. Limit the dose of simvastatin in patients on amlodipine to 20 mg daily.
Immunosuppressants: Amlodipine may increase the systemic exposure of cyclosporine or tacrolimus when co-administered. Frequent monitoring of trough blood levels of cyclosporine and tacrolimus and dose adjustment when appropriate is recommended.
The following have no clinically relevant effects on the pharmacokinetics of amlodipine: cimetidine, grapefruit juice, magnesium and aluminum hydroxide antacid, sildenafil.
Amlodipine has no clinically relevant effects on the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of the following: atorvastatin, digoxin, warfarin.
CYP3A4 Inhibitors: Co-administration of a 180 mg daily dose of diltiazem with 5 mg amlodipine in elderly hypertensive patients resulted in a 60% increase in amlodipine systemic exposure. Erythromycin co-administration in healthy volunteers did not significantly change amlodipine systemic exposure. However, strong inhibitors of CYP3A4 (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole, ritonavir) may increase the plasma concentrations of amlodipine to a greater extent. Monitor for symptoms of hypotension and edema when amlodipine is co-administered with CYP3A4 inhibitors.
CYP3A4 Inducers: No information is available on the quantitative effects of CYP3A4 inducers (e.g., carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, fosphenytoin, primidone, rifampicin, St. John’s Wort) on amlodipine. Patients should be monitored for adequate clinical effect when amlodipine is co-administered with CYP3A4 inducers.
Risk Summary
TWYNSTA can cause fetal harm
when administered to a pregnant woman. Use of drugs that act on the
renin-angiotensin system during the second and third trimesters of
pregnancy reduces fetal renal function and increases fetal and neonatal
morbidity and death (see Clinical
Considerations). Most epidemiologic studies examining
fetal abnormalities after exposure to antihypertensive use in the
first trimester have not distinguished drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin
system from other antihypertensive agents. Studies in rats and rabbits
with telmisartan showed fetotoxicity only at maternally toxic doses (see Data). In animal
reproduction studies, there was no evidence of adverse developmental
effects when pregnant rats and rabbits were treated orally with amlodipine
maleate during organogenesis at doses approximately 10 and 20-times
the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD), respectively. However for
rats, litter size was significantly decreased (by about 50%) and the
number of intrauterine deaths was significantly increased (about 5-fold).
Amlodipine has been shown to prolong both the gestation period and
the duration of labor in rats at this dose (see Data). When pregnancy is detected,
discontinue TWYNSTA as soon as possible.
The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major malformations and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4%, and 15% to 20%, respectively.
Clinical Considerations
Disease-associated maternal and/or embryo/fetal risk
Hypertension in pregnancy increases the maternal risk for pre-eclampsia,
gestational diabetes, premature delivery, and delivery complications
(e.g., need for cesarean section, and post-partum hemorrhage). Hypertension
increases the fetal risk for intrauterine growth restriction and intrauterine
death. Pregnant women with hypertension should be carefully monitored
and managed accordingly.
Fetal/Neonatal adverse reactions
Use
of drugs that act on the RAS in the second and third trimesters of
pregnancy can result in the following: oligohydramnios, reduced fetal
renal function leading to anuria and renal failure, fetal lung hypoplasia,
skeletal deformations, including skull hypoplasia, hypotension, and
death. In the unusual case that there is no appropriate alternative
to therapy with drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin system for a
particular patient, apprise the mother of the potential risk to the
fetus.
In patients taking TWYNSTA during pregnancy, perform serial ultrasound examinations to assess the intra-amniotic environment. Fetal testing may be appropriate, based on the week of gestation. If oligohydramnios is observed, discontinue TWYNSTA, unless it is considered lifesaving for the mother. Patients and physicians should be aware, however, that oligohydramnios may not appear until after the fetus has sustained irreversible injury.
Closely observe infants with histories of in utero exposure to TWYNSTA for hypotension, oliguria, and hyperkalemia. If oliguria or hypotension occurs, support blood pressure and renal perfusion. Exchange transfusions or dialysis may be required as a means of reversing hypotension and/or substituting for disordered renal function [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4)].
Data
Animal
Data
No reproductive toxicity studies have been conducted
with the combination of telmisartan and amlodipine besylate. However,
these studies have been conducted for telmisartan and amlodipine besylate
alone.
Telmisartan
No teratogenic effects were observed when telmisartan
was administered to pregnant rats at oral doses of up to 50 mg/kg/day
and to pregnant rabbits at oral doses up to 45 mg/kg/day. In rabbits,
embryolethality associated with maternal toxicity (reduced body weight
gain and food consumption) was observed at 45 mg/kg/day [about 12
times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 80 mg on a mg/m2 basis]. In rats, maternally toxic (reduction in body
weight gain and food consumption) telmisartan doses of 15 mg/kg/day
(about 1.9 times the MRHD on a mg/m2 basis),
administered during late gestation and lactation, were observed to
produce adverse effects in neonates, including reduced viability,
low birth weight, delayed maturation, and decreased weight gain. The
no observed effect doses for developmental toxicity in rats and rabbits,
5 and 15 mg/kg/day, respectively, are about 0.64 and 3.7 times, on
a mg/m2 basis, the maximum recommended
human dose of telmisartan (80 mg/day).
Amlodipine
No
evidence of teratogenicity or embryo/fetal toxicity was found when
pregnant rats and rabbits were treated orally with amlodipine maleate
at doses up to 10 mg amlodipine/kg/day (approximately 10 and 20 times
the MRHD based on body surface area, respectively) during their respective
periods of major organogenesis. However, for rats, litter size was
significantly decreased (by about 50%) and the number of intrauterine
deaths was significantly increased (about 5-fold). Amlodipine has
been shown to prolong both the gestation period and the duration of
labor in rats at this dose.
Risk Summary
There is no information
regarding the presence of TWYNSTA or telmisartan in human milk, the
effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production.
Limited published studies report that amlodipine is present in human
milk. However, there is insufficient information to determine the
effects of amlodipine on the breastfed infant. There is no available
information on the effects of amlodipine on milk production. Telmisartan
is present in the milk of lactating rats (see Data).
Because
of the potential for serious adverse reactions in the breastfed infant
including hypotension, hyperkalemia and renal impairment, advise a
nursing woman not to breastfeed during treatment with TWYNSTA.
Data
Telmisartan was present in the milk of lactating rats at concentrations
1.5 to 2 times those found in plasma from 4 to 8 hours after administration.
Safety and effectiveness of TWYNSTA in pediatric patients have not been established.
Neonates with a history of in utero exposure to TWYNSTA:
If oliguria or hypotension
occurs, support blood pressure and renal perfusion. Exchange transfusions
or dialysis may be required as a means of reversing hypotension and/or
substituting for disordered renal function.
TWYNSTA Tablets
Of the
total number of 3282 hypertensive patients receiving a telmisartan/amlodipine
combination in clinical studies, 605 (18%) patients were 65 years
of age or older and of these, 88 (3%) patients were 75 years and older.
No overall differences in efficacy or safety of TWYNSTA tablets were
observed in this patient population.
Telmisartan
Of
the total number of patients receiving telmisartan in clinical studies,
551 (18.6%) were 65 to 74 years of age and 130 (4.4%) were 75 years
and older. No overall differences in effectiveness and safety were
observed in these patients compared to younger patients and other
reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses
between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity
of some older individuals cannot be ruled out.
Amlodipine
Clinical studies of amlodipine besylate tablets did not include
sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether
they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical
experience has not identified differences in responses between the
elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly
patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the
dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic,
renal or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug
therapy. Elderly patients have decreased clearance of amlodipine with
a resulting increase of AUC of approximately 40% to 60%, and a lower
initial dose may be required. Since patients age 75 and older have
decreased clearance of amlodipine, start amlodipine or add amlodipine
2.5 mg to telmisartan. The lowest dose of TWYNSTA is 40/5 mg; therefore,
initial therapy with TWYNSTA tablets is not recommended in patients
75 years of age and older [see Dosage and Administration
(2.5)].
Monitor carefully and uptitrate slowly in patients with biliary obstructive disorders or hepatic insufficiency [see Dosage and Administration (2) and Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]. Since patients with hepatic impairment have decreased clearance of amlodipine, start amlodipine or add amlodipine 2.5 mg to telmisartan. The lowest dose of TWYNSTA is 40/5 mg; therefore, initial therapy with TWYNSTA tablets is not recommended in hepatically impaired patients [see Dosage and Administration (2.4)].
The magnitude of blood pressure lowering in black patients approached that observed in non-black patients but the number of black patients was limited (237 of 1461 patients).
Telmisartan
Limited data
are available with regard to overdosage in humans. The most likely
manifestations of overdosage with telmisartan tablets would be hypotension,
dizziness, and tachycardia; bradycardia could occur from parasympathetic
(vagal) stimulation. If symptomatic hypotension should occur, supportive
treatment should be instituted. Telmisartan is not removed by hemodialysis.
Amlodipine
Overdosage might be expected to cause excessive peripheral
vasodilation with marked hypotension and possibly a reflex tachycardia.
In humans, experience with intentional overdosage of amlodipine is
limited.
Single oral doses of amlodipine maleate equivalent to 40 mg amlodipine/kg and 100 mg amlodipine/kg in mice and rats, respectively, caused deaths. Single oral amlodipine maleate doses equivalent to 4 or more mg amlodipine/kg or higher in dogs (11 or more times the maximum recommended human dose on a mg/m2 basis) caused a marked peripheral vasodilation and hypotension.
If massive overdose should occur, initiate active cardiac and respiratory monitoring. Frequent blood pressure measurements are essential. Should hypotension occur, provide cardiovascular support including elevation of the extremities and the judicious administration of fluids. If hypotension remains unresponsive to these conservative measures, consider administration of vasopressors (such as phenylephrine) with attention to circulating volume and urine output. As amlodipine is highly protein bound, hemodialysis is not likely to be of benefit.
TWYNSTA is a fixed dose combination of telmisartan and amlodipine.
TWYNSTA tablets contain telmisartan, a non-peptide angiotensin II receptor (type AT1) antagonist. Telmisartan is a white to slightly yellowish solid. It is practically insoluble in water and in the pH range of 3 to 9, sparingly soluble in strong acid (except insoluble in hydrochloric acid), and soluble in strong base. Telmisartan is chemically described as 4'-[(1,4'-dimethyl-2'-propyl [2,6'-bi-1H-benzimidazol]-1'-yl)methyl]-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid. Its empirical formula is C33H30N4O2 and its structural formula is:
TWYNSTA tablets contain the besylate salt of amlodipine, a dihydropyridine calcium-channel blocker (CCB). Amlodipine besylate is a white to pale yellow crystalline powder, slightly soluble in water and sparingly soluble in ethanol. Amlodipine besylate’s chemical name is 3-Ethyl-5-methyl(4RS)-2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate benzenesulphonate. Its empirical formula is C20H25ClN2O5•C6H6O3S and its structural formula is:
TWYNSTA tablets are formulated in four strengths for oral administration with a combination of amlodipine besylate, equivalent to 5 mg or 10 mg of amlodipine free-base, with 40 mg, or 80 mg of telmisartan provided in the following four combinations: 40/5 mg, 40/10 mg, 80/5 mg, and 80/10 mg.
TWYNSTA tablets also contain the following inactive ingredients: sodium hydroxide, povidone, meglumine, sorbitol, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, pregelatinized starch, corn starch, colloidal silicon dioxide, ferric oxide black, ferric oxide yellow and FD&C blue #1.
TWYNSTA tablets are hygroscopic and require protection from moisture.
TWYNSTA tablets require protection from light.
Telmisartan
Angiotensin
II is formed from angiotensin I in a reaction catalyzed by angiotensin-converting
enzyme (ACE, kininase II). Angiotensin II is the principal pressor
agent of the renin-angiotensin system, with effects that include vasoconstriction,
stimulation of synthesis and release of aldosterone, cardiac stimulation,
and renal reabsorption of sodium. Telmisartan blocks the vasoconstrictor
and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II by selectively
blocking the binding of angiotensin II to the AT1 receptor in many tissues, such as vascular smooth muscle and the
adrenal gland. Its action is therefore independent of the pathways
for angiotensin II synthesis.
There is also an AT2 receptor found in many tissues, but AT2 is not known to be associated with cardiovascular homeostasis. Telmisartan has much greater affinity (>3,000 fold) for the AT1 receptor than for the AT2 receptor.
Blockade of the renin-angiotensin system with ACE inhibitors, which inhibit the biosynthesis of angiotensin II from angiotensin I, is widely used in the treatment of hypertension. ACE inhibitors also inhibit the degradation of bradykinin, a reaction also catalyzed by ACE. Because telmisartan does not inhibit ACE (kininase II), it does not affect the response to bradykinin. Whether this difference has clinical relevance is not yet known. Telmisartan does not bind to or block other hormone receptors or ion channels known to be important in cardiovascular regulation.
Blockade of the angiotensin II receptor inhibits the negative regulatory feedback of angiotensin II on renin secretion, but the resulting increased plasma renin activity and angiotensin II circulating levels do not overcome the effect of telmisartan on blood pressure.
Amlodipine
Amlodipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker that inhibits
the transmembrane influx of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscle
and cardiac muscle. Experimental data suggest that amlodipine binds
to both dihydropyridine and nondihydropyridine binding sites. The
contractile processes of cardiac muscle and vascular smooth muscle
are dependent upon the movement of extracellular calcium ions into
these cells through specific ion channels. Amlodipine inhibits calcium
ion influx across cell membranes selectively, with a greater effect
on vascular smooth muscle cells than on cardiac muscle cells. Negative
inotropic effects can be detected in vitro but such effects have not been seen in intact animals at
therapeutic doses. Serum calcium concentration is not affected by
amlodipine. Within the physiologic pH range, amlodipine is an ionized
compound (pKa=8.6), and its kinetic interaction with the calcium channel
receptor is characterized by a gradual rate of association and dissociation
with the receptor binding site, resulting in a gradual onset of effect.
Amlodipine is a peripheral arterial vasodilator that acts directly on vascular smooth muscle to cause a reduction in peripheral vascular resistance and reduction in blood pressure.
TWYNSTA Tablets
TWYNSTA
tablets have been shown to be effective in lowering blood pressure.
TWYNSTA is a combination of two drugs with antihypertensive properties:
a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist (calcium ion antagonist or slow-channel
blocker), amlodipine besylate, and an angiotensin II receptor blocker,
telmisartan.
Both telmisartan and amlodipine lower blood pressure by reducing peripheral resistance but through complementary mechanisms.
Telmisartan
In normal volunteers, a dose of telmisartan 80 mg inhibited the
pressor response to an intravenous infusion of angiotensin II by about
90% at peak plasma concentrations with approximately 40% inhibition
persisting for 24 hours.
Plasma concentration of angiotensin II and plasma renin activity (PRA) increased in a dose-dependent manner after single administration of telmisartan to healthy subjects and repeated administration to hypertensive patients. The once-daily administration of up to 80 mg telmisartan to healthy subjects did not influence plasma aldosterone concentrations. In multiple dose studies with hypertensive patients, there were no clinically significant changes in electrolytes (serum potassium or sodium), or in metabolic function (including serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, glucose, or uric acid).
In 30 hypertensive patients with normal renal function treated for 8 weeks with telmisartan 80 mg or telmisartan 80 mg in combination with hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg, there were no clinically significant changes from baseline in renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, filtration fraction, renovascular resistance, or creatinine clearance.
Telmisartan has indications other than hypertension which can be found in the Micardis® (telmisartan) tablets package insert.
Amlodipine
Following administration of therapeutic doses
to patients with hypertension, amlodipine produces vasodilation resulting
in a reduction of supine and standing blood pressures. These decreases
in blood pressure are not accompanied by a significant change in heart
rate or plasma catecholamine levels with chronic dosing. Although
the acute intravenous administration of amlodipine decreases arterial
blood pressure and increases heart rate in hemodynamic studies of
patients with chronic stable angina, chronic oral administration of
amlodipine in clinical trials did not lead to clinically significant
changes in heart rate or blood pressures in normotensive patients
with angina.
With chronic once daily administration, antihypertensive effectiveness is maintained for at least 24 hours. Plasma concentrations correlate with effect in both young and elderly patients. The magnitude of reduction in blood pressure with amlodipine is also correlated with the height of pretreatment elevation; thus, individuals with moderate hypertension (diastolic pressure 105 to 114 mmHg) had about a 50% greater response than patients with mild hypertension (diastolic pressure 90 to 104 mmHg). Normotensive subjects experienced no clinically significant change in blood pressure (+1/-2 mmHg).
In hypertensive patients with normal renal function, therapeutic doses of amlodipine resulted in a decrease in renal vascular resistance and an increase in glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow without change in filtration fraction or proteinuria.
As with other calcium channel blockers, hemodynamic measurements of cardiac function at rest and during exercise (or pacing) in patients with normal ventricular function treated with amlodipine have generally demonstrated a small increase in cardiac index without significant influence on dP/dt or on left ventricular end diastolic pressure or volume. In hemodynamic studies, amlodipine has not been associated with a negative inotropic effect when administered in the therapeutic dose range to intact animals and man, even when co-administered with beta-blockers to man. Similar findings, however, have been observed in normal or well-compensated patients with heart failure with agents possessing significant negative inotropic effects.
Amlodipine does not change sinoatrial nodal function or atrioventricular conduction in intact animals or man. In patients with chronic stable angina, intravenous administration of 10 mg did not significantly alter A-H and H-V conduction and sinus node recovery time after pacing. Similar results were obtained in patients receiving amlodipine and concomitant beta-blockers. In clinical studies in which amlodipine was administered in combination with beta-blockers to patients with either hypertension or angina, no adverse effects of electrocardiographic parameters were observed. In clinical trials with angina patients alone, amlodipine therapy did not alter electrocardiographic intervals or produce higher degrees of AV blocks.
Amlodipine has indications other than hypertension which can be found in the Norvasc® package insert.
TWYNSTA Tablets
The
pharmacokinetics of amlodipine and telmisartan when combined are similar
to the pharmacokinetics of amlodipine and telmisartan when administered
separately.
After administering TWYNSTA 80/10 mg tablet with a high-fat meal, the total area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and Cmax for telmisartan decreased by about 24% and 60%, respectively. For amlodipine, AUC and Cmax were not altered [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)].
Telmisartan
Following
oral administration, peak concentrations (Cmax) of telmisartan are reached in 0.5 to 1 hour after dosing. Food
slightly reduces the bioavailability of telmisartan, with a reduction
in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of about
6% with the 40 mg tablet and about 20% after a 160 mg dose. The absolute
bioavailability of telmisartan is dose dependent. At 40 and 160 mg
the bioavailability was 42% and 58%, respectively. The pharmacokinetics
of orally administered telmisartan are nonlinear over the dose range
20 to 160 mg, with greater than proportional increases of plasma concentrations
(Cmax and AUC) with increasing doses. Telmisartan
shows bi-exponential decay kinetics with a terminal elimination half
life of approximately 24 hours. Trough plasma concentrations of telmisartan
with once daily dosing are about 10% to 25% of peak plasma concentrations.
Telmisartan has an accumulation index in plasma of 1.5 to 2.0 upon
repeated once daily dosing.
Amlodipine
Peak plasma concentrations
of amlodipine are reached 6 to 12 hours after administration of amlodipine
alone. Absolute bioavailability has been estimated to be between 64%
and 90%. The bioavailability of amlodipine is not altered by the presence
of food.
Elimination of amlodipine from the plasma is biphasic with a terminal elimination half-life of about 30 to 50 hours. Steady state plasma levels of amlodipine are reached after 7 to 8 days of consecutive daily dosing.
Distribution
Telmisartan
Telmisartan is highly bound to plasma proteins
(>99.5%), mainly albumin and α1 - acid glycoprotein.
Plasma protein binding is constant over the concentration range achieved
with recommended doses. The volume of distribution for telmisartan
is approximately 500 liters indicating additional tissue binding.
Amlodipine
The apparent volume of distribution of amlodipine
is 21 L/kg. Approximately 93% of circulating amlodipine is bound to
plasma proteins in hypertensive patients.
Metabolism and
Elimination
Telmisartan
Following either
intravenous or oral administration of 14C-labeled telmisartan, most of the administered dose (>97%) was eliminated
unchanged in feces via biliary excretion; only minute amounts were
found in the urine (0.91% and 0.49% of total radioactivity, respectively).
Telmisartan is metabolized by conjugation to form a pharmacologically inactive acylglucuronide; the glucuronide of the parent compound is the only metabolite that has been identified in human plasma and urine. After a single dose, the glucuronide represents approximately 11% of the measured radioactivity in plasma. The cytochrome P450 isoenzymes are not involved in the metabolism of telmisartan.
Total plasma clearance of telmisartan is >800 mL/min. Terminal half-life and total clearance appear to be independent of dose.
Amlodipine
Amlodipine is extensively (about 90%) converted
to inactive metabolites via hepatic metabolism with 10% of the parent
compound and 60% of the metabolites excreted in the urine.
Specific
Populations
Renal Insufficiency
Telmisartan: No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients with decreased
renal function. Telmisartan is not removed from blood by hemofiltration [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)].
Amlodipine: The pharmacokinetics of amlodipine are not significantly influenced by renal impairment. Patients with renal failure may therefore receive the usual initial dose.
Hepatic Insufficiency
Telmisartan: In patients with hepatic insufficiency, plasma concentrations of telmisartan are increased, and absolute bioavailability approaches 100% [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) and Use in Specific Populations (8.6)].
Amlodipine: Patients with hepatic insufficiency have decreased clearance of amlodipine with a resulting increase in AUC of approximately 40% to 60%. Therefore, start with a low initial dose of amlodipine.
Gender
Plasma concentrations of telmisartan are generally 2 to 3 times higher in females than in males. In clinical trials, however, no significant increases in blood pressure response or in the incidence of orthostatic hypotension were found in women. No dosage adjustment is necessary.
Geriatric Patients
Telmisartan: The pharmacokinetics
of telmisartan do not differ between the elderly and those younger
than 65 years [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)].
Amlodipine: Elderly patients have decreased clearance of amlodipine with a resulting increase in AUC of approximately 40% to 60%. Therefore, start with a low initial dose of amlodipine [see Dosage and Administration (2.5)].
Drug Interaction Studies
Telmisartan
Ramipril and Ramiprilat: Co-administration of telmisartan 80 mg once daily and ramipril 10
mg once daily to healthy subjects increases steady-state Cmax and AUC of ramipril 2.3- and 2.1-fold, respectively,
and Cmax and AUC of ramiprilat 2.4- and 1.5-fold,
respectively. In contrast, Cmaxand AUC of telmisartan
decrease by 31% and 16%, respectively. When co-administering telmisartan
and ramipril, the response may be greater because of the possibly
additive pharmacodynamic effects of the combined drugs, and also because
of the increased exposure to ramipril and ramiprilat in the presence
of telmisartan.
Other Drugs: Co-administration of telmisartan did not result in a clinically significant interaction with acetaminophen, amlodipine, glyburide, simvastatin, hydrochlorothiazide, warfarin, or ibuprofen. Telmisartan is not metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system and had no effects in vitro on cytochrome P450 enzymes, except for some inhibition of CYP2C19. Telmisartan is not expected to interact with drugs that inhibit cytochrome P450 enzymes; it is also not expected to interact with drugs metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes, except for possible inhibition of the metabolism of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
Telmisartan
There was no evidence of carcinogenicity when
telmisartan was administered in the diet to mice and rats for up to
2 years. The highest doses administered to mice (1000 mg/kg/day) and
rats (100 mg/kg/day) are, on a mg/m2 basis,
about 59 and 13 times, respectively, the maximum recommended human
dose (MRHD) of telmisartan. These same doses have been shown to provide
average systemic exposures to telmisartan >100 times and >25 times,
respectively, the systemic exposure in humans receiving the MRHD (80
mg/day).
Genotoxicity assays did not reveal any telmisartan-related effects at either the gene or chromosome level. These assays included bacterial mutagenicity tests with Salmonella and E. coli (Ames), a gene mutation test with Chinese hamster V79 cells, a cytogenetic test with human lymphocytes, and a mouse micronucleus test.
No drug-related effects on the reproductive performance of male and female rats were noted at 100 mg/kg/day (the highest dose administered), about 13 times, on a mg/m2 basis, the MRHD of telmisartan. This dose in the rat resulted in an average systemic exposure (telmisartan AUC as determined on day 6 of pregnancy) at least 50 times the average systemic exposure in humans at the MRHD (80 mg/day).
Amlodipine
Rats and mice treated
with amlodipine maleate in the diet for up to two years, at concentrations
calculated to provide daily dosage levels of 0.5, 1.25, and 2.5 mg
amlodipine/kg/day, showed no evidence of a carcinogenic effect of
the drug. For the mouse, the highest dose was, on mg/m2 basis, similar to the maximum recommended human dose
[MRHD] of 10 mg amlodipine/day. For the rat, the highest dose was,
on a mg/m2 basis, about two and a half
times the MRHD. (Calculations based on a 60 kg patient.)
Mutagenicity studies conducted with amlodipine maleate revealed no drug-related effects at either the gene or chromosome level.
There was no effect on the fertility of rats treated orally with amlodipine maleate (males for 64 days and females for 14 days prior to mating) at doses of up to 10 mg amlodipine/kg/day (about 10 times the MRHD of 10 mg/day on a mg/m2 basis).
The efficacy of TWYNSTA tablets for treatment of hypertension was studied in 1 placebo-controlled and 2 active-controlled trials.
An 8-week multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group factorial study in patients with mild to severe hypertension was conducted to determine if treatment with TWYNSTA was more effective in reducing blood pressure compared to the respective monotherapies. The study randomized 1461 patients with baseline systolic blood pressure between 117 and 179 mmHg (mean 153 mmHg) and a baseline diastolic blood pressure between 90 and 119 (mean 102 mmHg) to one of the 16 treatment arms. Patients assigned to receive amlodipine 10 mg started on amlodipine 5 mg or combinations thereof for the first two weeks. The four key treatment combinations (including combinations of telmisartan 40 or 80 mg and amlodipine 5 or 10 mg) had statistically significant reduction in in-clinic seated trough cuff systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to the respective individual monotherapies (Table 5).
| Amlodipine, mg | Telmisartan, mg | ||
| 0 | 40 | 80 | |
| 0 | — | -12.1/-7.2 | -11.8/-7.8 |
| 5 | -12.9/-7.2 | -19.3/-10.3 | -19.6/-12.0 |
| 10 | -18.2/-10.9 | -22.2/-14.0 | -23.9/-13.9 |
The majority of the antihypertensive effect of the telmisartan/amlodipine combination was attained within 2 weeks after initiation of therapy. In patients receiving a telmisartan/amlodipine combination significantly larger reductions in seated diastolic and systolic blood pressure compared to patients treated with the respective monotherapies were observed at every assessment (Week 2, 4, 6, and 8).
The antihypertensive effect of TWYNSTA tablets was similar in patients ≥65 years than below 65 years of age, in male and female patients, and in patients with and without diabetes.
The magnitude of blood pressure lowering in black patients approached that observed in non-black patients but the number of black patients was limited (237 of 1461 patients).
Automated ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) performed in a subset of 562 patients confirmed the results seen with in-clinic systolic and diastolic blood pressure reductions over the entire 24-hour dosing period.
In a double-blind, active-controlled study, a total of 1097 patients with mild to severe hypertension (mean baseline systolic/diastolic BP 149.5/96.6 mmHg) who were not adequately controlled on amlodipine 5 mg received TWYNSTA (40/5 mg or 80/5 mg) or amlodipine alone (5 mg or 10 mg). After 8 weeks administration, each of the combination treatments was statistically significantly superior to both amlodipine monotherapy doses in reducing diastolic and systolic blood pressures. Edema related events (peripheral edema, generalized edema, and edema) in patients who received TWYNSTA (40/5 mg or 80/5 mg) were significantly lower as compared to patients who received amlodipine 10 mg (4.3% vs 27.2%, respectively).
| *p<0.05 1Mean change from baseline at Week 8 in seated systolic/diastolic blood pressure | |||
| Treatment Group | Mean Change1 | Difference from amlodipine 5 mg | Difference from amlodipine 10 mg |
| Twynsta 40/5 mg; n=270 | -13.6 / -9.4 | -7.4* / -3.6* | -2.4* / -1.4* |
| Twynsta 80/5 mg; n=271 | -15.0 / -10.6 | -8.8* / -4.9* | -3.9* / -2.7* |
| Amlodipine 5 mg; n=255 | -6.2 / -5.7 | ---- | ---- |
| Amlodipine 10 mg; n=261 | -11.1 / -8.0 | ---- | ---- |
In a second double-blind, active-controlled study, a total of 947 patients with mild to severe hypertension (mean baseline systolic/diastolic BP 147.5/95.6 mmHg) who were not adequately controlled on amlodipine 10 mg received TWYNSTA (40/10 mg or 80/10 mg) or amlodipine alone (10 mg). After 8 weeks, each of the combination treatments was statistically significantly superior to amlodipine monotherapy in reducing diastolic and systolic blood pressures.
| *p<0.05 1Mean change from baseline at Week 8 in seated systolic/diastolic blood pressure | ||
| Treatment Group | Mean Change1 | Difference from amlodipine 10 mg |
| Twynsta 40/10 mg; n=306 | -11.1 / -9.2 | -3.7* / -2.8* |
| Twynsta 80/10 mg; n=310 | -11.3 / -9.3 | -3.9* / -2.8* |
| Amlodipine 10 mg; n=305 | -7.4 / -6.5 | ---- |
There are no trials of TWYNSTA demonstrating reductions in cardiovascular risk in patients with hypertension, but at least one pharmacologically similar drug has demonstrated such benefits.
The antihypertensive effects of telmisartan have been demonstrated in six principal placebo-controlled clinical trials, studying a range of 20 to 160 mg; one of these examined the antihypertensive effects of telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide in combination. The studies involved a total of 1773 patients with mild to moderate hypertension (diastolic blood pressure of 95 to 114 mmHg), 1031 of whom were treated with telmisartan. Following once daily administration of telmisartan, the magnitude of blood pressure reduction from baseline after placebo subtraction was approximately (SBP/DBP) 6-8/6 mmHg for 20 mg, 9-13/6-8 mmHg for 40 mg, and 12-13/7-8 mmHg for 80 mg. Larger doses (up to 160 mg) did not appear to cause a further decrease in blood pressure.
Upon initiation of antihypertensive treatment with telmisartan, blood pressure was reduced after the first dose, with a maximal reduction by about 4 weeks. With cessation of treatment with telmisartan tablets, blood pressure gradually returned to baseline values over a period of several days to one week. During long-term studies (without placebo control) the effect of telmisartan appeared to be maintained for up to at least one year. The antihypertensive effect of telmisartan is not influenced by patient age, gender, weight, or body mass index. Blood pressure response in black patients (usually a low-renin population) is noticeably less than that in Caucasian patients. This has been true for most, but not all, angiotensin II antagonists and ACE inhibitors.
In a controlled study, the addition of telmisartan to hydrochlorothiazide produced an additional dose-related reduction in blood pressure that was similar in magnitude to the reduction achieved with telmisartan monotherapy. Hydrochlorothiazide also had an added blood pressure effect when added to telmisartan.
The onset of antihypertensive activity occurs within 3 hours after administration of a single oral dose. At doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg, the antihypertensive effect of once daily administration of telmisartan is maintained for the full 24-hour dose interval. With automated ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and conventional blood pressure measurements, the 24-hour trough-to-peak ratio for 40 to 80 mg doses of telmisartan was 70% to 100% for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The incidence of symptomatic orthostasis after the first dose in all controlled trials was low (0.04%).
There were no changes in the heart rate of patients treated with telmisartan in controlled trials.
The antihypertensive efficacy of amlodipine has been demonstrated in a total of 15 double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized studies involving 800 patients on amlodipine and 538 on placebo. Once daily administration produced statistically significant placebo-corrected reductions in supine and standing blood pressures at 24 hours post-dose, averaging about 12/6 mmHg in the standing position and 13/7 mmHg in the supine position in patients with mild to moderate hypertension. Maintenance of the blood pressure effect over the 24-hour dosing interval was observed, with little difference in peak and trough effect.
TWYNSTA tablets are available as non-scored, white–off-white/blue, multilayer tablets of oval, biconvex shape containing telmisartan and amlodipine in the strengths described below. TWYNSTA tablets are debossed with a Boehringer Ingelheim company symbol and an individual product tablet code on one side. TWYNSTA tablets are supplied for oral administration in the following strengths and package configurations:
| Tablet strength
(telmisartan/ amlodipine equivalent) mg | Package Configuration | NDC# | Product Code |
| 40/5 mg | Blister of 30 | 0597-0124-37 | A1 |
| 40/10 mg | Blister of 30 | 0597-0125-37 | A2 |
| 80/5 mg | Blister of 30 | 0597-0126-37 | A3 |
| 80/10 mg | Blister of 30 | 0597-0127-37 | A4 |
Storage
Store at 25°C (77°F); excursions
permitted to 15°–30°C (59°–86°F) [see USP Controlled
Room Temperature]. Do not remove from blisters until immediately before
administration. Protect from moisture and light.
Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Patient Information).
Pregnancy
Advise female patients of childbearing age
about the consequences of exposure to TWYNSTA during pregnancy. Discuss
treatment options with women planning to become pregnant. Tell patients
to report pregnancies to their physicians as soon as possible [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].
Lactation
Advise nursing
women not to breastfeed during treatment with TWYNSTA [see
Use in Specific Populations (8.2)].
Symptomatic Hypotension
Advise patients
that lightheadedness can occur, especially during the first days of
therapy, and to report it to their healthcare provider. Inform patients
that inadequate fluid intake, excessive perspiration, diarrhea, or
vomiting can lead to an excessive fall in blood pressure, with the
same consequences of lightheadedness and possible syncope. Advise
patients to contact their healthcare provider if syncope occurs [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
Norvasc is a registered trademark of Pfizer Inc.
Distributed by:
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals,
Inc.
Ridgefield, CT 06877 USA
Licensed from:
Boehringer Ingelheim International
GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
Copyright
© 2018 Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH
ALL RIGHTS
RESERVED
TWYNSTA® is a registered trademark of and used under license
from Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH.
The other
brands listed are trademarks of their owners.
OT25024AAB072018
Patient Information
TWYNSTA® (TWIN-stah)
(telmisartan/amlodipine)
Tablets
Read this Patient Information before you start taking TWYNSTA tablets and each time you get a refill. There may be new information. This information does not take the place of talking to your doctor about your medical condition or your treatment.
What is the most important information I should know about TWYNSTA tablets?
TWYNSTA can cause harm or death to an unborn baby. Talk to your doctor about other ways to lower your blood pressure if you plan to become pregnant. If you get pregnant while taking TWYNSTA, tell your doctor right away.
What is TWYNSTA?
TWYNSTA is a prescription medicine that contains telmisartan and amlodipine.
TWYNSTA tablets may be used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension):
It is not known if TWYNSTA is safe and effective in children.
Who should not take TWYNSTA?
You should not take TWYNSTA tablets if you are allergic (hypersensitive) to the active ingredients (telmisartan or amlodipine) or any of the other ingredients listed at the end of this leaflet.
For patients with diabetes, if you are taking TWYNSTA you should not take aliskiren.
What should I tell my doctor before taking TWYNSTA tablets?
Before you take TWYNSTA tablets, tell your doctor if you:
Tell your doctor about all the medicines you take, including prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins and herbal supplements.
For patients with diabetes, if you are taking TWYNSTA you should not take aliskiren.
TWYNSTA may affect the way other medicines work, and other medicines may affect how TWYNSTA works. Especially tell your doctor if you take:
Know the medicines you take. Keep a list of them and show it to your doctor or pharmacist when you get a new medicine.
How should I take TWYNSTA tablets?
What are possible side effects of TWYNSTA tablets?
TWYNSTA tablets may cause serious side effects, including:
Rare, serious allergic reactions may happen. Tell your doctor right away if you get any of these symptoms:
The most common side effects of TWYNSTA tablets include:
These are not all the possible side effects of TWYNSTA tablets. Tell your doctor if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
How should I store TWYNSTA tablets?
Keep TWYNSTA tablets and all medicines out of the reach of children.
General information about TWYNSTA tablets
Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Patient Information leaflet. Do not use TWYNSTA tablets for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give TWYNSTA tablets to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that you have. It may harm them.
This Patient Information leaflet summarizes the most important information about TWYNSTA tablets. If you would like more information, talk with your doctor. You can ask your pharmacist or doctor for information about TWYNSTA tablets that is written for health professionals.
For current prescribing information, scan the code below or call Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. at 1-800-542-6257, or (TTY) 1-800-459-9906.
What are the ingredients in TWYNSTA tablets?
Active ingredients: telmisartan and amlodipine besylate
Inactive ingredients: sodium hydroxide, povidone, meglumine, sorbitol, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, pregelatinized starch, corn starch, colloidal silicon dioxide, ferric oxide black, ferric oxide yellow and FD&C blue #1.
What is high blood pressure (hypertension)?
Blood pressure is the force in your blood vessels when your heart beats and when your heart rests. You have high blood pressure when the force is too much. TWYNSTA tablets can help your blood vessels relax so your blood pressure is lower. Medicines that lower your blood pressure lower your chance of having a stroke or heart attack.
High blood pressure makes the heart work harder to pump blood throughout the body and causes damage to the blood vessels. If high blood pressure is not treated, it can lead to stroke, heart attack, heart failure, kidney failure, and vision problems.
How to open the blister:
1. Tear (You may also use scissors to tear the blister apart)
2. Peel (Peel off the paper layer from the aluminum foil)
3. Push (Push the tablet through the foil)
This Patient Information has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
Distributed by:
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals,
Inc.
Ridgefield, CT 06877 USA
Licensed from:
Boehringer Ingelheim International
GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
Copyright
© 2018 Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH
ALL
RIGHTS RESERVED
TWYNSTA® is a registered trademark of and used under license
from Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH.
The other
brands listed are trademarks of their owners.
Revised: February 2018
OT25024AAB072018
Twynsta 40 mg/5 mg Tablets
NDC 0597-0124-37
Twynsta 40 mg/10 mg Tablets
NDC 0597-0125-37
Twynsta 80 mg/5 mg Tablets
NDC 0597-0126-37
Twynsta 80 mg/10 mg Tablets
NDC 0597-0127-37
| Package NDC | Billing unit | Product NDC | DailyMed indexing SPL | SPL version | Effective |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0597-0127-37 | EA - Each | 0597-0127 | 763db05f-6b25-429f-9098-19f8ddd3de76 | 1 | 2012-07-24 |
| 0597-0124-37 | EA - Each | 0597-0124 | e3ec71e8-929f-4de7-aa13-6cba8fb10430 | 1 | 2012-07-24 |
| 0597-0126-37 | EA - Each | 0597-0126 | c571ba82-c443-4210-aa54-c2da65ba1ea6 | 1 | 2012-07-24 |
| 0597-0125-37 | EA - Each | 0597-0125 | b03c8108-0e31-4eb8-91e4-774ad33f2712 | 1 | 2012-07-24 |
| Ingredient | Type | UNII | SPL version | Uploaded |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AMLODIPINE BESYLATE | ACTIVE INGREDIENT | 864V2Q084H | 25 | |
| TELMISARTAN | ACTIVE INGREDIENT | U5SYW473RQ | 25 | |
| AMLODIPINE | ACTIVE MOIETY | 1J444QC288 | 25 | |
| TELMISARTAN | ACTIVE MOIETY | U5SYW473RQ | 25 |
Every source-derived product name is available through these pages.
| Product NDC | Package NDC |
|---|---|
| 0597-0127 | 0597-0127-37 |
| 0597-0124 | 0597-0124-37 |
| 0597-0126 | 0597-0126-37 |
| 0597-0125 | 0597-0125-37 |
Every source-derived ingredient row is available through these pages.
| Name | UNII | Kind |
|---|---|---|
| TELMISARTAN | U5SYW473RQ | ACTIB |
| AMLODIPINE BESYLATE | 864V2Q084H | ACTIM |
| TELMISARTAN | U5SYW473RQ | ACTIB |
| AMLODIPINE BESYLATE | 864V2Q084H | ACTIM |
| TELMISARTAN | U5SYW473RQ | ACTIB |
| AMLODIPINE BESYLATE | 864V2Q084H | ACTIM |
| TELMISARTAN | U5SYW473RQ | ACTIB |
| AMLODIPINE BESYLATE | 864V2Q084H | ACTIM |
All distinct exact application/product contexts derived from this label’s complete NDC list are paginated below.
| Application-product | Trade name | Ingredient | Strength | Dosage form / route | TE codes | RLD / RS | Approval date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N022401-001 | TWYNSTA | AMLODIPINE BESYLATE; TELMISARTAN | EQ 5MG BASE;40MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | |
| N022401-002 | TWYNSTA | AMLODIPINE BESYLATE; TELMISARTAN | EQ 10MG BASE;40MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | |
| N022401-003 | TWYNSTA | AMLODIPINE BESYLATE; TELMISARTAN | EQ 5MG BASE;80MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | |
| N022401-004 | TWYNSTA | AMLODIPINE BESYLATE; TELMISARTAN | EQ 10MG BASE;80MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 |
Observed FDA ZIP history: Each table is queried independently by exact application/product key from successfully parsed Orange Book snapshots. Capture times identify archived source observations; absence or a change between snapshots is not inferred. FDA publication files that were not recoverable as structured ZIP data are not represented as states.
| Captured | Edition | Application-product | Trade name | Strength | Dosage form / route | Product TE source text | RLD / RS | Approval date | Source SHA-256 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-09-14 22:38:34 | 2026-08 | N022401-001 | TWYNSTA | EQ 5MG BASE;40MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | 84e616aacf4f… | |
| 2026-09-14 22:38:34 | 2026-08 | N022401-002 | TWYNSTA | EQ 10MG BASE;40MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | 84e616aacf4f… | |
| 2026-09-14 22:38:34 | 2026-08 | N022401-003 | TWYNSTA | EQ 5MG BASE;80MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | 84e616aacf4f… | |
| 2026-09-14 22:38:34 | 2026-08 | N022401-004 | TWYNSTA | EQ 10MG BASE;80MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | 84e616aacf4f… | |
| 2026-08-18 06:07:40 | 2026-07 | N022401-001 | TWYNSTA | EQ 5MG BASE;40MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | caaa826d4ba7… | |
| 2026-08-18 06:07:40 | 2026-07 | N022401-002 | TWYNSTA | EQ 10MG BASE;40MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | caaa826d4ba7… | |
| 2026-08-18 06:07:40 | 2026-07 | N022401-003 | TWYNSTA | EQ 5MG BASE;80MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | caaa826d4ba7… | |
| 2026-08-18 06:07:40 | 2026-07 | N022401-004 | TWYNSTA | EQ 10MG BASE;80MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | caaa826d4ba7… | |
| 2026-02-19 14:30 UTC | 2026-02 | N022401-001 | TWYNSTA | EQ 5MG BASE;40MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | 011fe1cb6892… | |
| 2026-02-19 14:30 UTC | 2026-02 | N022401-002 | TWYNSTA | EQ 10MG BASE;40MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | 011fe1cb6892… | |
| 2026-02-19 14:30 UTC | 2026-02 | N022401-003 | TWYNSTA | EQ 5MG BASE;80MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | 011fe1cb6892… | |
| 2026-02-19 14:30 UTC | 2026-02 | N022401-004 | TWYNSTA | EQ 10MG BASE;80MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | 011fe1cb6892… | |
| 2025-12-14 10:44 UTC · 2 captures of this ZIP | 2025-12 | N022401-001 | TWYNSTA | EQ 5MG BASE;40MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | 31067a03dcf5… | |
| 2025-12-14 10:44 UTC · 2 captures of this ZIP | 2025-12 | N022401-002 | TWYNSTA | EQ 10MG BASE;40MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | 31067a03dcf5… | |
| 2025-12-14 10:44 UTC · 2 captures of this ZIP | 2025-12 | N022401-003 | TWYNSTA | EQ 5MG BASE;80MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | 31067a03dcf5… | |
| 2025-12-14 10:44 UTC · 2 captures of this ZIP | 2025-12 | N022401-004 | TWYNSTA | EQ 10MG BASE;80MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | 31067a03dcf5… | |
| 2025-08-23 18:47 UTC | 2025-08 | N022401-001 | TWYNSTA | EQ 5MG BASE;40MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | 6a471c1ec25d… | |
| 2025-08-23 18:47 UTC | 2025-08 | N022401-002 | TWYNSTA | EQ 10MG BASE;40MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | 6a471c1ec25d… | |
| 2025-08-23 18:47 UTC | 2025-08 | N022401-003 | TWYNSTA | EQ 5MG BASE;80MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | 6a471c1ec25d… | |
| 2025-08-23 18:47 UTC | 2025-08 | N022401-004 | TWYNSTA | EQ 10MG BASE;80MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | 6a471c1ec25d… | |
| 2025-03-22 03:13 UTC · 3 captures of this ZIP | 2025-03 | N022401-001 | TWYNSTA | EQ 5MG BASE;40MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | fd3edfee7708… | |
| 2025-03-22 03:13 UTC · 3 captures of this ZIP | 2025-03 | N022401-002 | TWYNSTA | EQ 10MG BASE;40MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | fd3edfee7708… | |
| 2025-03-22 03:13 UTC · 3 captures of this ZIP | 2025-03 | N022401-003 | TWYNSTA | EQ 5MG BASE;80MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | fd3edfee7708… | |
| 2025-03-22 03:13 UTC · 3 captures of this ZIP | 2025-03 | N022401-004 | TWYNSTA | EQ 10MG BASE;80MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | fd3edfee7708… | |
| 2025-02-26 10:13 UTC · 3 captures of this ZIP | 2025-02 | N022401-001 | TWYNSTA | EQ 5MG BASE;40MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | b8a1b40f171c… | |
| 2025-02-26 10:13 UTC · 3 captures of this ZIP | 2025-02 | N022401-002 | TWYNSTA | EQ 10MG BASE;40MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | b8a1b40f171c… | |
| 2025-02-26 10:13 UTC · 3 captures of this ZIP | 2025-02 | N022401-003 | TWYNSTA | EQ 5MG BASE;80MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | b8a1b40f171c… | |
| 2025-02-26 10:13 UTC · 3 captures of this ZIP | 2025-02 | N022401-004 | TWYNSTA | EQ 10MG BASE;80MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | b8a1b40f171c… | |
| 2025-01-19 17:59 UTC · 7 captures of this ZIP | 2025-01 | N022401-001 | TWYNSTA | EQ 5MG BASE;40MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | 03ed91905a0d… | |
| 2025-01-19 17:59 UTC · 7 captures of this ZIP | 2025-01 | N022401-002 | TWYNSTA | EQ 10MG BASE;40MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | 03ed91905a0d… | |
| 2025-01-19 17:59 UTC · 7 captures of this ZIP | 2025-01 | N022401-003 | TWYNSTA | EQ 5MG BASE;80MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | 03ed91905a0d… | |
| 2025-01-19 17:59 UTC · 7 captures of this ZIP | 2025-01 | N022401-004 | TWYNSTA | EQ 10MG BASE;80MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | 03ed91905a0d… | |
| 2024-12-13 21:23 UTC · 2 captures of this ZIP | 2024-12 | N022401-001 | TWYNSTA | EQ 5MG BASE;40MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | 2680178bc6a6… | |
| 2024-12-13 21:23 UTC · 2 captures of this ZIP | 2024-12 | N022401-002 | TWYNSTA | EQ 10MG BASE;40MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | 2680178bc6a6… | |
| 2024-12-13 21:23 UTC · 2 captures of this ZIP | 2024-12 | N022401-003 | TWYNSTA | EQ 5MG BASE;80MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | 2680178bc6a6… | |
| 2024-12-13 21:23 UTC · 2 captures of this ZIP | 2024-12 | N022401-004 | TWYNSTA | EQ 10MG BASE;80MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | 2680178bc6a6… | |
| 2024-09-14 05:58 UTC · 2 captures of this ZIP | 2024-09 | N022401-001 | TWYNSTA | EQ 5MG BASE;40MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | 5bbf6a4d5a75… | |
| 2024-09-14 05:58 UTC · 2 captures of this ZIP | 2024-09 | N022401-002 | TWYNSTA | EQ 10MG BASE;40MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | 5bbf6a4d5a75… | |
| 2024-09-14 05:58 UTC · 2 captures of this ZIP | 2024-09 | N022401-003 | TWYNSTA | EQ 5MG BASE;80MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | 5bbf6a4d5a75… | |
| 2024-09-14 05:58 UTC · 2 captures of this ZIP | 2024-09 | N022401-004 | TWYNSTA | EQ 10MG BASE;80MG **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons** | TABLET / ORAL | RLD | 2009-10-16 | 5bbf6a4d5a75… |
| Captured | Edition | Application-product | TE code | Order | Source SHA-256 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-12-13 00:20 UTC | 2019-12 | N022401-001 | AB | 1 | 74a2ff9319b5… |
| 2019-12-13 00:20 UTC | 2019-12 | N022401-002 | AB | 1 | 74a2ff9319b5… |
| 2019-12-13 00:20 UTC | 2019-12 | N022401-003 | AB | 1 | 74a2ff9319b5… |
| 2019-12-13 00:20 UTC | 2019-12 | N022401-004 | AB | 1 | 74a2ff9319b5… |
| 2021-12-28 21:50 UTC | 2021-12 | N022401-001 | AB | 1 | 782e0a99824c… |
| 2021-12-28 21:50 UTC | 2021-12 | N022401-002 | AB | 1 | 782e0a99824c… |
| 2021-12-28 21:50 UTC | 2021-12 | N022401-003 | AB | 1 | 782e0a99824c… |
| 2021-12-28 21:50 UTC | 2021-12 | N022401-004 | AB | 1 | 782e0a99824c… |
| 2021-05-05 16:15 UTC · 3 captures of this ZIP | 2021-05 | N022401-001 | AB | 1 | 87673890dc5c… |
| 2021-05-05 16:15 UTC · 3 captures of this ZIP | 2021-05 | N022401-002 | AB | 1 | 87673890dc5c… |
| 2021-05-05 16:15 UTC · 3 captures of this ZIP | 2021-05 | N022401-003 | AB | 1 | 87673890dc5c… |
| 2021-05-05 16:15 UTC · 3 captures of this ZIP | 2021-05 | N022401-004 | AB | 1 | 87673890dc5c… |
| 2021-03-12 10:30 UTC | 2021-03 | N022401-001 | AB | 1 | 5aa47cf7b7d7… |
| 2021-03-12 10:30 UTC | 2021-03 | N022401-002 | AB | 1 | 5aa47cf7b7d7… |
| 2021-03-12 10:30 UTC | 2021-03 | N022401-003 | AB | 1 | 5aa47cf7b7d7… |
| 2021-03-12 10:30 UTC | 2021-03 | N022401-004 | AB | 1 | 5aa47cf7b7d7… |
| 2020-12-22 03:56 UTC | 2020-12 | N022401-001 | AB | 1 | 8869cabd3fbd… |
| 2020-12-22 03:56 UTC | 2020-12 | N022401-002 | AB | 1 | 8869cabd3fbd… |
| 2020-12-22 03:56 UTC | 2020-12 | N022401-003 | AB | 1 | 8869cabd3fbd… |
| 2020-12-22 03:56 UTC | 2020-12 | N022401-004 | AB | 1 | 8869cabd3fbd… |
| 2020-11-12 02:37 UTC | 2020-11 | N022401-001 | AB | 1 | c0c555d07b60… |
| 2020-11-12 02:37 UTC | 2020-11 | N022401-002 | AB | 1 | c0c555d07b60… |
| 2020-11-12 02:37 UTC | 2020-11 | N022401-003 | AB | 1 | c0c555d07b60… |
| 2020-11-12 02:37 UTC | 2020-11 | N022401-004 | AB | 1 | c0c555d07b60… |
| 2019-12-14 00:12 UTC | 2019-12 | N022401-001 | AB | 1 | 3f01610625f2… |
| 2019-12-14 00:12 UTC | 2019-12 | N022401-002 | AB | 1 | 3f01610625f2… |
| 2019-12-14 00:12 UTC | 2019-12 | N022401-003 | AB | 1 | 3f01610625f2… |
| 2019-12-14 00:12 UTC | 2019-12 | N022401-004 | AB | 1 | 3f01610625f2… |
| 2019-09-15 20:21 UTC | 2019-09 | N022401-001 | AB | 1 | b00525d2431f… |
| 2019-09-15 20:21 UTC | 2019-09 | N022401-002 | AB | 1 | b00525d2431f… |
| 2019-09-15 20:21 UTC | 2019-09 | N022401-003 | AB | 1 | b00525d2431f… |
| 2019-09-15 20:21 UTC | 2019-09 | N022401-004 | AB | 1 | b00525d2431f… |
| 2019-07-19 19:46 UTC | 2019-07 | N022401-001 | AB | 1 | ea99ee380514… |
| 2019-07-19 19:46 UTC | 2019-07 | N022401-002 | AB | 1 | ea99ee380514… |
| 2019-07-19 19:46 UTC | 2019-07 | N022401-003 | AB | 1 | ea99ee380514… |
| 2019-07-19 19:46 UTC | 2019-07 | N022401-004 | AB | 1 | ea99ee380514… |
OpenFDA label data provides additional search and identifier links. DailyMed’s Structured Product Label is the canonical label on FDA.report. Matching records are deduplicated before they are shown below.
| Brand | Generic | Manufacturer | SPL set ID | Effective date | Available safety fields | Join |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 427f37e4-ed20-4b6f-a773-d631818a063e | 627146d8-fa8e-4c8b-b703-29ee080a6d5b | 2021-08-27 | Boxed warning, Warnings, Adverse reactions | 627146d8-fa8e-4c8b-b703-29ee080a6d5b |
Adverse event summaries are temporarily unavailable. Other product information remains available.