Adults
A total of 1333 adults with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) were randomized in two multicenter, multinational, double-blind, non-inferiority trials. Both trials compared SIVEXTRO 200 mg once daily for 6 days versus linezolid 600 mg every 12 hours for 10 days. In Trial 1, patients were treated with oral therapy, while in Trial 2, patients could receive oral therapy after a minimum of one day of intravenous therapy. Patients with cellulitis/erysipelas, major cutaneous abscess, or wound infection were enrolled in the trials. Patients with wound infections could have received aztreonam and/or metronidazole as adjunctive therapy for gram-negative bacterial coverage, if needed. The intent-to-treat (ITT) patient population included all randomized patients.
In Trial 1, 332 patients with ABSSSI were randomized to SIVEXTRO and 335 patients were randomized to linezolid. The majority (91%) of patients treated with SIVEXTRO in Trial 1 were less than 65 years old with a median age of 43 years (range: 18 to 86 years). Patients treated with SIVEXTRO were predominantly male (61%) and White (84%); 13% had BMI ≥35 kg/m2, 8% had diabetes mellitus, 35% were current or recent intravenous drug users, and 2% had moderate to severe renal impairment. The overall median surface area of infection was 188 cm2. The types of ABSSSI included were cellulitis/erysipelas (41%), wound infection (29%), and major cutaneous abscess (30%). In addition to local signs and symptoms of infection, patients were also required to have at least one regional or systemic sign of infection at baseline, defined as lymphadenopathy (87% of patients), temperature 38°C or higher (16% of patients), white blood cell count greater than 10,000 cells/mm3 or less than 4000 cells/mm3 (42%), or 10% or more band forms on white blood cell differential (4%).
The primary endpoint in Trial 1 was early clinical response defined as no increase from baseline lesion area at 48-72 hours after the first dose and oral temperature of ≤37.6°C, confirmed by a second temperature measurement within 24 hours in the ITT population.
In Trial 2, 332 patients with ABSSSI were randomized to SIVEXTRO and 334 patients were randomized to linezolid. The majority (87%) of patients treated with SIVEXTRO in Trial 2 were less than 65 years old with a median age of 46 years (range: 17 to 86 years). Patients treated with SIVEXTRO were predominantly male (68%) and White (86%); 16% had BMI ≥35 kg/m2, 10% had diabetes mellitus, 20% were current or recent intravenous drug users, and 4% had moderate to severe renal impairment. The overall median surface area of infection was 231 cm2. The types of ABSSSI included were cellulitis/erysipelas (50%), wound infection (30%), and major cutaneous abscess (20%). In addition to local signs and symptoms of infection, patients were also required to have at least one regional or systemic sign of infection at baseline, defined as lymphadenopathy (71% of patients), temperature 38°C or higher (31% of patients), white blood cell count greater than 10,000 cells/mm3 or less than 4000 cells/mm3 (53%), or 10% or more band forms on white blood cell differential (16%).
The primary endpoint in Trial 2 was early clinical response defined as at least a 20% decrease from baseline lesion area at 48-72 hours after the first dose in the ITT population (Table 10).
Table 10: Early Clinical Response in the ITT Adult Patient Population | SIVEXTRO (200 mg) | Linezolid (1200 mg) | Treatment Difference (2-sided 95% CI) |
|---|
| CI=confidence interval |
| No increase in lesion surface area from baseline and oral temperature of ≤37.6°C, confirmed by a second temperature measurement within 24 hours at 48-72 hours
|
| Trial 1, N | 332 | 335 | |
| Responder, n (%) | 264 (79.5) | 266 (79.4) | 0.1 (-6.1, 6.2) |
| Trial 2, N | 332 | 334 | |
| Responder, n (%) | 286 (86.1) | 281 (84.1) | 2.0 (-3.5, 7.3) |
| At least a 20% decrease from baseline in lesion area at 48-72 hours
|
| Trial 1, N | 332 | 335 | |
| Responder, n (%) | 259 (78.0) | 255 (76.1) | 1.9 (-4.5, 8.3) |
| Trial 2, N | 332 | 334 | |
| Responder, n (%) | 283 (85.2) | 276 (82.6) | 2.6 (-3.0, 8.2) |
An investigator assessment of clinical response was made at the post-therapy evaluation (PTE) (7 - 14 days after the end of therapy) in the ITT and CE (Clinically Evaluable) populations. Clinical success was defined as resolution or near resolution of most disease-specific signs and symptoms, absence or near resolution of systemic signs of infection if present at baseline (lymphadenopathy, fever, >10% immature neutrophils, abnormal WBC count), and no new signs, symptoms, or complications attributable to the ABSSSI requiring further treatment of the primary lesion (Table 11).
Table 11: Investigator-Assessed Clinical Response at Post-therapy Evaluation in ITT and CE Adult Patient Populations from Two Phase 3 ABSSSI Trials | SIVEXTRO (200 mg) n/N (%) | Linezolid (1200 mg) n/N (%) | Treatment Difference (2-sided 95% CI) |
|---|
| CI=confidence interval; ITT=intent-to-treat; CE=clinically evaluable |
| Trial 1 | | | |
| ITT | 284/332 (85.5) | 288/335 (86.0) | -0.5 (-5.8, 4.9) |
| CE | 264/279 (94.6) | 267/280 (95.4) | -0.8 (-4.6, 3.0) |
| Trial 2 | | | |
| ITT | 292/332 (88.0) | 293/334 (87.7) | 0.3 (-4.8, 5.3) |
| CE | 268/290 (92.4) | 269/280 (96.1) | -3.7 (-7.7, 0.2) |
Clinical success by baseline pathogens from the primary infection site or blood cultures for the microbiological intent-to-treat (MITT) patient population for two integrated Phase 3 ABSSSI studies are presented in Table 12 and Table 13.
Table 12: Early Clinical Response by Baseline Pathogen from Two Phase 3 ABSSSI Adult Trials (MITT Population)| Pathogen | No increase in lesion surface area from baseline and oral temperature of ≤37.6°C
| At least a 20% decrease from baseline in lesion area
|
|---|
SIVEXTRO (200 mg) n/N (%) | Linezolid (1200 mg) n/N (%) | SIVEXTRO (200 mg) n/N (%) | Linezolid (1200 mg) n/N (%) |
|---|
| Pooled analysis; n=number of patients in the specific category; N=Number of patients with the specific pathogen isolated from the ABSSSI |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 276/329 (83.9) | 278/342 (81.3) | 280/329 (85.1) | 276/342 (80.7) |
| Methicillin-resistant S. aureus
| 112/141 (79.4) | 113/146 (77.4) | 114/141 (80.9) | 111/146 (76.0) |
| Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus
| 164/188 (87.2) | 167/198 (84.3) | 166/188 (88.3) | 167/198 (84.3) |
| Streptococcus pyogenes | 27/33 (81.8) | 18/20 (90.0) | 25/33 (75.8) | 16/20 (80.0) |
| Streptococcus anginosus Group | 22/30 (73.3) | 26/28 (92.9) | 22/30 (73.3) | 25/28 (89.3) |
| Streptococcus agalactiae | 6/9 (66.7) | 8/10 (80.0) | 6/9 (66.7) | 7/10 (70.0) |
| Enterococcus faecalis | 7/10 (70.0) | 3/4 (75.0) | 6/10 (60.0) | 1/4 (25.0) |
Baseline bacteremia in the tedizolid arm with relevant pathogens included two subjects with MRSA, four subjects with MSSA, two subjects with S. pyogenes, one subject with S.
agalactiae, and one subject with S. constellatus. All of these subjects were Responders at the 48-72 hour evaluation. At the Post-therapy Evaluation (PTE), 8 of 10 subjects were considered clinical successes.
Table 13: Clinical Response at PTE by Baseline Pathogen from Two Phase 3 ABSSSI Adult Trials (MITT Population)| Pathogen | Clinical Response at PTE |
|---|
SIVEXTRO (200 mg) n/N (%) | Linezolid (1200 mg) n/N (%) |
|---|
| Pooled analysis; n=number of patients in the specific category; N=Number of patients with the specific pathogen isolated from the ABSSSI |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 291/329 (88.5) | 303/342 (88.6) |
| Methicillin-resistant S. aureus
| 118/141 (83.7) | 119/146 (81.5) |
| Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus
| 173/188 (92.0) | 186/198 (93.9) |
| Streptococcus pyogenes | 30/33 (90.9) | 19/20 (95.0) |
| Streptococcus anginosus Group | 21/30 (70.0) | 25/28 (89.3) |
| Streptococcus agalactiae | 8/9 (88.9) | 8/10 (80.0) |
| Enterococcus faecalis | 7/10 (70.0) | 4/4 (100.0) |
Baseline bacteremia in the tedizolid arm with relevant pathogens included two subjects with MRSA, four subjects with MSSA, two subjects with S. pyogenes, one subject with S.
agalactiae, and one subject with S. constellatus. All of these subjects were Responders at the 48-72 hour evaluation. At the Post-therapy Evaluation (PTE) 8 of 10 subjects were considered clinical successes.
Pediatric Patients
The safety and efficacy of SIVEXTRO were investigated in Pediatric Trials 1 and 2. Pediatric Trial 1 included pediatric patients 12 to < 18 years of age who were investigated in a randomized, single blind, active-controlled trial of 120 patients with clinically documented ABSSSI (91 receiving tedizolid, 29 receiving comparator). Patients were randomized in a 3:1 ratio with stratification by geographic region to receive SIVEXTRO IV and/or oral therapy, dosed 200 mg once daily for 6 days, or comparator IV and/or oral therapy, dosed over 10 days. Comparator therapy was selected by the investigator from a list of 5 IV and 4 oral comparators per local standard of care. The most frequently used comparators were cefazolin (11 patients) and vancomycin (8 patients).
Additionally, Pediatric Trial 2 (NCT03176134) evaluated the safety and efficacy of SIVEXTRO in pediatric patients 4 months to <12 years of age in a randomized, single blind, active-controlled trial of 100 patients with clinically documented ABSSSI (75 receiving tedizolid, 25 receiving comparator). Patients were randomized in a 3:1 ratio to receive SIVEXTRO for 6 to 10 days or comparator for 10 to 14 days. SIVEXTRO (IV and/or oral) was dosed as a weight-based dose of 2 to 2.5 mg/kg every 12 hours or as 200 mg given once daily. Patients who received oral therapy received an oral suspension formulation that is not currently approved for use. Comparator therapy was selected from a pre-specified list by the investigator and dosed per local standard of care.
The primary objective of Pediatric Trials 1 and 2 was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of SIVEXTRO. The trials were not powered for comparative inferential efficacy analysis. Clinical response at the test of cure visit (Day 18-25) was assessed by a blinded investigator in the ITT population (all randomized patients). Clinical successes were required to have resolution or near resolution of all related signs and symptoms such that no further antibacterial therapy was needed. Early clinical response, defined as at least a 20% reduction in lesion size at 48-72 hours after start of treatment, was also assessed in the ITT population.
In Pediatric Trial 1, clinical success at test of cure was 96.7% (88/91) in the tedizolid group and 93.1% (27/29) in the comparator group (difference: 3.6%, 95% CI: -6.3, 13.5). Early clinical response at 48-72 hours was 92.3% (84/91) in the tedizolid group and 96.6% (28/29) in the comparator group (difference: -4.2%, 95% CI: -12.9, 4.4).
In Pediatric Trial 2, clinical success at test of cure was 93.3% (70/75) in the tedizolid group and 92.0% (23/25) in the comparator group (difference: 1.3%, 95% CI: -10.7, 13.4). Early clinical response was not adequately assessed in Pediatric Trial 2 because an in-person outpatient visit at this timepoint was not required during the COVID-19 pandemic.