A prospective, open-label, non-controlled, multicenter trial was conducted in the US to determine the efficacy, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of HYQVIA in patients with PI. Two cohorts of patients were enrolled. Thirty-one patients had been treated intravenously for three months and then subcutaneously each week at 137% of the intravenous dose for approximately one year before transitioning to the HYQVIA trial. The remaining patients also were treated intravenously for 3 months and then immediately began treatment with HYQVIA in the trial.
One week after the last intravenous or subcutaneous infusion, each subject began subcutaneous treatment with HYQVIA. After placing the subcutaneous needle set, the rHuPH20 of HYQVIA was infused through the needle set followed within 10 minutes by the immune globulin of HYQVIA at 108% of the intravenous dose. Dosing began with a 1-week equivalent dose. One week later, a 2-week dose was administered, followed 2 weeks later with a 3-week dose. For those patients who were on a 4-week dose interval prior to entering the trial, 3 weeks later the 4-week dose was administered. This ramp-up period allowed patients to become familiar with the large volumes required for a full 3- or 4-week treatment. Subsequently, patients continued the 3- or 4-week dosing for the remainder of the trial. After 3 doses at the full volume, a serum IgG trough level was obtained for all patients and used to individually adapt the subcutaneous dose of HYQVIA to compensate for individual variation from the mean value of 108% [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) and Administration (2.2)]. All patients who completed the trial received a minimum of 12 infusions at this individually adapted dose. The period after the ramp-up was considered the efficacy period and used for safety and efficacy analyses.
Outcome measures included the rate of infections, adverse reactions, tolerability of the infusions of HYQVIA, number of infusion sites per month, and infusion rate. Eighty-nine patients were enrolled, 87 treated intravenously and 83 treated with HYQVIA. The majority were Caucasian (79/87, 90.8%). Median age was 35.0 years (range 4 to 78 years). Forty-four of the patients were naïve to subcutaneous treatment. Median serum IgG trough levels for the 6 months before enrollment were 1033.5 mg/dL (range: 405 to 3200 mg/dL) in subcutaneous-experienced patients and 1000 mg/dL (range: 636 to 3200 mg/dL) in the subcutaneous-naïve patients.
The 83 patients received a total of 1,359 infusions of HYQVIA during the entire trial. Of these, 1,129 were administered after the ramp-up when the patients were on a consistent interval of 3 or 4 weeks, which was predetermined to be the efficacy period for data analysis.
Median duration of treatment in the IGIV period was 91 days (range 84 to 122 days). Median duration of HYQVIA treatment during the dose ramp up period was 42 days (range 20 to 49), and during the efficacy period was 366 days (range 42 to 507 days). None of the patients withdrew due to a severe or serious local or systemic adverse reaction [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].
There were two acute serious bacterial infections (aSBI), both of which were episodes of pneumonia treated as outpatients with oral antibiotics during the 12-month efficacy period; an additional pneumonia requiring hospitalization occurred during the ramp-up. Based on this, the annualized rate of aSBI while treated with HYQVIA was 0.025, with an upper 99% confidence limit of 0.089, which is significantly less than (p<0.0001) the rate of one infection per year.
The overall rates of infections throughout both the efficacy and extension trials are shown in Table 15. The secondary endpoints evaluated in the efficacy trial were the annual rate of all infections and other efficacy measures.
Table 15: Summary of Infections and Other Secondary Efficacy Endpoints| Annual Rate |
|---|
| Parameter | Mean | 95% CI |
|---|
| Infections per patient per year (Efficacy Trial) | 2.97 | 2.51 to 3.47 |
| Infections per patient per year (Efficacy and Extension Trials) | 2.99 | 2.60 to 3.42 |
| Days off school/work | 3.31 | 2.37 to 4.47 |
| Days on antibiotics | 20.26 | 15.45 to 25.98 |
| Unscheduled physician visits for infections | 4.78 | 3.83 to 5.88 |
| Days in hospital due to infection | 0.037 | 0.009 to 0.095 |
An objective of the trial was to achieve the same number or fewer infusions with HYQVIA per month as with intravenous administration and significantly fewer than with conventional subcutaneous administration. A summary of intravenous administration compared with HYQVIA administration is presented in Table 16.
Table 16: Summary of Infusions| Parameter | Intravenous | HYQVIA |
|---|
| Median monthly number of infusion sites | 1.34 (1.2 to 1.7) | 1.09 (1.0 to 3.5) |
| Mean volume per site (mL) | 339 (75 to 800) | 292 (91 to 648) |
| Dose per site (g) | 33.9 (7.5 to 80.0) | 29.2 (9.1 to 64.8) |
| Median duration of individual infusions (hr) | 2.33 (0.92 to 6.33) | 2.08 (0.83 to 4.68) |
| Monthly median infusion time (hr/month) | 3.2 | 2.64 |
| Median maximum infusion rate (mL/hr) | 246 (60 to 668) | 300 (10 to 300) |
| Percent (%) of infusion completed without change in rate, interruption, and discontinuation | 95.9 | 97.7 |
Sixteen of 83 patients (19.3%) were infused every 3 weeks and 67 (80.7%) were infused every 4 weeks. Seventy-eight of 83 (94%) patients attained the same 3- or 4-week dosing as their previous IV treatment. One decreased from 4 to 3 weeks, one from 4 to 2 weeks and one from 3 to 2 weeks. The primary reason for decreasing the interval was discomfort due to swelling.
In a separate study evaluating subcutaneous treatment with Immune Globulin Infusion (Human), 10% a median of 21.43 sites were required each month with a median monthly infusion time of 5.35 hours.
Pediatric Study
A prospective, open-label, non-controlled, multicenter trial was conducted in the US to determine the efficacy, safety, immunogenicity and pharmacokinetics (PK) of HYQVIA in pediatric patients with PI who had received IVIG or SCIG treatment before enrollment into the trial. A total of 44 patients were enrolled, and the median age of pediatric patients was 9.5 years (range: 3 to 15 years). Of the enrolled patients, 26 patients (59.1%) were male, 18 patients (40.9%) were female, and 40 patients (90.9%) were White. Most patients were not Hispanic or Latino (39 patients [88.6%]).
Pediatric patients switched to HYQVIA SC immunoglobulin treatment schedule administered at doses (volumes and treatment intervals) typical for IVIG administration. Treatment intervals and doses gradually increased in a ramp-up phase to an interval of 3 or 4 weeks. Data were analyzed when all patients completed 12 months of participation (one year of observation) in the trial. Overall, the median number of infusions per month was 1.1 (range: 1.0 to 1.5) and was comparable across the age groups. The median number of infusion sites per month was 2.2 (range: 1.1 to 2.9), with a similar median number for all age categories. There were no clinically meaningful differences in trough IgG levels across age groups.
The primary analysis for efficacy was based on the rate of aSBIs, defined as bacteremia/sepsis, bacterial meningitis, osteomyelitis/septic arthritis, bacterial pneumonia, and visceral abscess, per subject per year. Secondary analyses included the annual rate of other infections and health resource utilization outcome measures (e.g., days out of work/school/daycare).
During the 12-month trial period, the mean aSBI rate per year was 0.04 (with an upper 1-sided 99% confidence interval of 0.21, p<0.001), which met the predefined success rate of less than one aSBI per subject per year. One subject experienced two aSBIs of bacterial pneumonia, and there were no other episodes of serious bacterial infections reported in this trial. The mean rate of all infections per subject-year was 3.20, with an upper limit of the 95% CI of 4.05. The overall rate of infections per subject is consistent with results obtained in the pivotal clinical study. Pediatric patients missed a mean (95% CI) of 5.0 (2.2 to 7.9) days of work/school/daycare.