TAZICEF- ceftazidime injection, powder, for solution

Drug Details [pdf]

SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION

for intravenous use
in ADD-Vantage® Vials

PRESCRIBING INFORMATION

Rx only
SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION

To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Tazicef (ceftazidime) and other antibacterial drugs, Tazicef (ceftazidime) should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria.
DESCRIPTION

Ceftazidime is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, beta-lactam antibacterial drug for parenteral administration. It is the pentahydrate of pyridinium, 1-[[7-[[(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)[(1-carboxy-1-methylethoxy) imino]acetyl]amino]-2-carboxy-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-3-yl]methyl]-, hydroxide, inner salt, [6R-[6α,7β(Z)]]. It has the following structure:

The molecular formula is C22H32N6O12S2, representing a molecular weight of 636.6.

Tazicef (ceftazidime for injection, USP) is a sterile, dry-powdered mixture of ceftazidime pentahydrate and sodium carbonate. The sodium carbonate at a concentration of 118 mg/g of ceftazidime activity has been admixed to facilitate dissolution. The total sodium content of the mixture is approximately 51 mg (2.2 mEq)/gram of ceftazidime activity.

Tazicef in sterile crystalline form is supplied in ADD-Vantage® vials equivalent to 1 g or 2 g of anhydrous ceftazidime.

Solutions of Tazicef range in color from light yellow to amber, depending on the diluent and volume used. The pH of freshly constituted solutions usually ranges from 5 to 7.5.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

After IV administration of 500-mg and 1-gram doses of ceftazidime over 5 minutes to normal adult male volunteers, mean peak serum concentrations of 45 and 90 mcg/mL, respectively, were achieved. After IV infusion of 500-mg, 1-gram and 2-gram doses of ceftazidime over 20 to 30 minutes to normal adult male volunteers, mean peak serum concentrations of 42, 69, and 170 mcg/mL, respectively, were achieved. The average serum concentrations following IV infusion of 500-mg, 1-gram and 2-gram doses to these volunteers over an 8-hour interval are given in Table 1.

Table 1. Average Serum Concentrations of Ceftazidime
Ceftazidime IV Dose	Serum Concentrations (mcg/mL)
Ceftazidime IV Dose	0.5 hr	1 hr	2 hr	4 hr	8 hr
500 mg 1 g 2 g	42 60 129	25 39 75	12 23 42	6 11 13	2 3 5

The absorption and elimination of ceftazidime were directly proportional to the size of the dose. The half-life following IV administration was approximately 1.9 hours. Less than 10% of ceftazidime was protein bound. The degree of protein binding was independent of concentration. There was no evidence of accumulation of ceftazidime in the serum in individuals with normal renal function following multiple IV doses of 1 and 2 g every 8 hours for 10 days.

Following intramuscular (IM) administration of 500 mg and 1 gram doses of ceftazidime to normal adult volunteers, the mean peak serum concentrations were 17 and 39 mcg/mL, respectively, at approximately 1 hour. Serum concentrations remained above 4 mcg/mL for 6 and 8 hours after the IM administration of 500 mg and 1 gram doses, respectively. The half-life of ceftazidime in these volunteers was approximately 2 hours.

The presence of hepatic dysfunction had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime in individuals administered 2 g intravenously every 8 hours for 5 days. Therefore, a dosage adjustment from the normal recommended dosage is not required for patients with hepatic dysfunction, provided renal function is not impaired.

Approximately 80% to 90% of an IM or IV dose of ceftazidime is excreted unchanged by the kidneys over a 24-hour period. After the IV administration of single 500 mg or 1 gram doses, approximately 50% of the dose appeared in the urine in the first 2 hours. An additional 20% was excreted between 2 and 4 hours after dosing, and approximately another 12% of the dose appeared in the urine between 4 and 8 hours later. The elimination of ceftazidime by the kidneys resulted in high therapeutic concentrations in the urine.

The mean renal clearance of ceftazidime was approximately 100 mL/min. The calculated plasma clearance of approximately 115 mL/min indicated nearly complete elimination of ceftazidime by the renal route. Administration of probenecid before dosing had no effect on the elimination kinetics of ceftazidime. This suggested that ceftazidime is eliminated by glomerular filtration and is not actively secreted by renal tubular mechanisms.

Since ceftazidime is eliminated almost solely by the kidneys, its serum half-life is significantly prolonged in patients with impaired renal function. Consequently, dosage adjustments in such patients as described in the DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION section are suggested.

Therapeutic concentrations of ceftazidime are achieved in the following body tissues and fluids.

Table 2. Ceftazidime Concentrations in Body Tissues and Fluids
Tissue or Fluid	Dose/Route	No. of Patients	Time of Sample Post Dose	Average Tissue or Fluid Level (mcg/mL or mcg/g)
Urine	500 mg IM 2 g IV	6 6	0 to 2 hr 0 to 2 hr	2,100 12,000
Bile	2 g IV	3	90 min	36.4
Synovial fluid	2 g IV	13	2 hr	25.6
Peritoneal fluid	2 g IV	8	2 hr	48.6
Sputum	1 g IV	8	1 hr	9
Cerebrospinal fluid (inflamed meninges)	2 g q8h IV 2 g q8h IV	5 6	120 min 180 min	9.8 9.4
Aqueous humor	2 g IV	13	1 to 3 hr	11
Blister fluid	1 g IV	7	2 to 3 hr	19.7
Lymphatic fluid	1 g IV	7	2 to 3 hr	23.4
Bone	2 g IV	8	0.67 hr	31.1
Heart muscle	2 g IV	35	30 to 280 min	12.7
Skin	2 g IV	22	30 to 180 min	6.6
Skeletal muscle	2 g IV	35	30 to 280 min	9.4
Myometrium	2 g IV	31	1 to 2 hr	18.7

Microbiology

Mechanism of Action

Ceftazidime is a bactericidal agent that acts by inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Ceftazidime has activity in the presence of some beta-lactamases, both penicillinases and cephalosporinases, of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

Resistance

Resistance to ceftazidime is primarily through hydrolysis by beta-lactamase, alteration of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), and decreased permeability.

Interaction with Other Antimicrobials

In an in vitro study, antagonistic effects have been observed with the combination of chloramphenicol and ceftazidime.

Ceftazidime has been shown to be active against most isolates of the following bacteria, both in vitro and in clinical infections as described in the INDICATIONS AND USAGE section:

Gram-negative bacteria

Citrobacter species
Enterobacter species
Escherichia coli
Klebsiella species
Haemophilus influenzae
Neisseria meningitidis
Proteus mirabilis
Proteus vulgaris
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Serratia species

Gram-positive bacteria

Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus agalactiae

Anaerobic bacteria

Bacteroides species (Note: many isolates of Bacteroides species are resistant)

The following in vitro data are available, but their clinical significance is unknown. At least 90 percent of the following microorganisms exhibit an in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) less than or equal to the susceptible breakpoint for ceftazidime. However, the efficacy of ceftazidime in treating clinical infections due to these microorganisms has not been established in adequate and well-controlled clinical trials.

Gram-negative bacteria

Acinetobacter species
Citrobacter diversus
Citrobacter freundii
Providencia species (including Providencia rettgeri)
Salmonella species
Shigella species
Haemophilus parainfluenzae
Morganella morganii
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Yersinia enterocolitica

Gram-positive bacteria

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Anaerobic bacteria

Clostridium species (Not including Clostridium difficile)
Peptostreptococcus species

Susceptibility Testing

For specific information regarding susceptibility test interpretive criteria and associated test methods and quality control standards recognized by FDA for this drug, please see: https://www.fda.gov/STIC.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Tazicef (ceftazidime for injection, USP) is indicated for the treatment of patients with infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated organisms in the following diseases:
Tazicef (ceftazidime for injection, USP) may be used alone in cases of confirmed or suspected sepsis. Ceftazidime has been used successfully in clinical trials as empiric therapy in cases where various concomitant therapies with other antibacterial drugs have been used.

Tazicef (ceftazidime for injection, USP) may also be used concomitantly with other antibacterial drugs, such as aminoglycosides, vancomycin, and clindamycin; in severe and life-threatening infections' and in the immunocompromised patient. When such concomitant treatment is appropriate, prescribing information in the labeling for the other antibacterial drugs should be followed. The dose depends on the severity of the infection and the patient's condition.

To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Tazicef (ceftazidime for injection, USP) and other antibacterial drugs, Tazicef (ceftazidime for injection, USP) should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.
CONTRAINDICATIONS

Tazicef is contraindicated in patients who have shown hypersensitivity to ceftazidime or the cephalosporin group of antibacterial drugs.
WARNINGS

BEFORE THERAPY WITH TAZICEF IS INSTITUTED, CAREFUL INQUIRY SHOULD BE MADE TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE PATIENT HAS HAD PREVIOUS HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS TO CEFTAZIDIME, CEPHALOSPORINS, PENICILLINS, OR OTHER DRUGS. IF THIS PRODUCT IS TO BE GIVEN TO PENICILLIN-SENSITIVE PATIENTS, CAUTION SHOULD BE EXERCISED BECAUSE CROSS-HYPERSENSITIVITY AMONG BETA-LACTAM ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS HAVE BEEN CLEARLY DOCUMENTED AND MAY OCCUR IN UP TO 10% OF PATIENTS WITH A HISTORY OF PENICILLIN ALLERGY. IF AN ALLERGIC REACTION TO TAZICEF OCCURS, DISCONTINUE THE DRUG. SERIOUS ACUTE HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS MAY REQUIRE TREATMENT WITH EPINEPHRINE AND OTHER EMERGENCY MEASURES, INCLUDING OXYGEN, IV FLUIDS, IV ANTIHISTAMINES, CORTICOSTEROIDS, PRESSOR AMINES, AND AIRWAY MANAGEMENT, AS CLINICALLY INDICATED.

Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been reported with use of nearly all antibacterial agents, including ceftazidime, and may range in severity from mild diarrhea to fatal colitis. Treatment with antibacterial agents alters the normal flora of the colon leading to overgrowth of C. difficile.

C. difficile produces toxins A and B which contribute to the development of CDAD. Hypertoxin producing strains of C. difficile cause increased morbidity and mortality, as these infections can be refractory to antimicrobial therapy and may require colectomy. CDAD must be considered in all patients who present with diarrhea following antibacterial drug use. Careful medical history is necessary since CDAD has been reported to occur over two months after the administration of antibacterial agents.

If CDAD is suspected or confirmed, ongoing antibacterial drug use not directed against C. difficile may need to be discontinued. Appropriate fluid and electrolyte management, protein supplementation, antibacterial drug treatment of C. difficile, and surgical evaluation should be instituted as clinically indicated.

Elevated levels of ceftazidime in patients with renal insufficiency can lead to seizures, nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE), encephalopathy, coma, asterixis, neuromuscular excitability, and myoclonia (see PRECAUTIONS).
PRECAUTIONS

General

High and prolonged serum ceftazidime concentrations can occur from usual dosages in patients with transient or persistent reduction of urinary output because of renal insufficiency. The total daily dosage should be reduced when ceftazidime is administered to patients with renal insufficiency (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION). Elevated levels of ceftazidime in these patients can lead to seizures, nonconvulsive status epilepticus, encephalopathy, coma, asterixis, neuromuscular excitability, and myoclonia. Continued dosage should be determined by degree of renal impairment, severity of infection, and susceptibility of the causative organisms.

As with other antibacterial drugs, prolonged use of Tazicef (ceftazidime for injection, USP) may result in overgrowth of nonsusceptible organisms. Repeated evaluation of the patient's condition is essential. If superinfection occurs during therapy, appropriate measures should be taken.

Inducible type I beta-lactamase resistance has been noted with some organisms (e.g., Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Serratia spp.). As with other extended-spectrum beta-lactam antibacterial drugs, resistance can develop during therapy, leading to clinical failure in some cases. When treating infections caused by these organisms, periodic susceptibility testing should be performed when clinically appropriate. If patients fail to respond to monotherapy, an aminoglycoside or similar agent should be considered.

Cephalosporins may be associated with a fall in prothrombin activity. Those at risk include patients with renal and hepatic impairment, or poor nutritional state, as well as patients receiving a protracted course of antimicrobial therapy. Prothrombin time should be monitored in patients at risk and exogenous vitamin K administered as indicated.

Tazicef should be prescribed with caution in individuals with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis.

Distal necrosis can occur after inadvertent intra-arterial administration of ceftazidime.

Prescribing Tazicef (ceftazidime) in the absence of a proven or strongly suspected bacterial infection or a prophylactic indication is unlikely to provide benefit to the patient and increases the risk of the development of drug-resistant bacteria.

Information for Patients

Patients should be counseled that antibacterial drugs, including Tazicef (ceftazidime) should only be used to treat bacterial infections. They do not treat viral infections (e.g., the common cold). When Tazicef (ceftazidime) is prescribed to treat a bacterial infection, patients should be told that although it is common to feel better early in the course of therapy, the medication should be taken exactly as directed. Skipping doses or not completing the full course of therapy may: (1) decrease the effectiveness of the immediate treatment, and (2) increase the likelihood that bacteria will develop resistance and will not be treatable by Tazicef (ceftazidime) or other antibacterial drugs in the future.

Diarrhea is a common problem caused by antibacterial drugs which usually ends when the antibacterial drug is discontinued. Sometimes after starting treatment with antibacterial drugs, patients can develop watery and bloody stools (with or without stomach cramps and fever) even as late as 2 or more months after having taken the last dose of the antibacterial drug. If this occurs, patients should contact their physician as soon as possible.

Drug Interactions

Nephrotoxicity has been reported following concomitant administration of cephalosporins with aminoglycoside antibacterial drugs or potent diuretics such as furosemide. Renal function should be carefully monitored, especially if higher dosages of the aminoglycosides are to be administered or if therapy is prolonged, because of the potential nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity of aminoglycoside antibacterial drugs. Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity were not noted when ceftazidime was given alone in clinical trials.

Chloramphenicol has been shown to be antagonistic to beta-lactam antibacterial drugs, including ceftazidime, based on in vitro studies and time kill curves with enteric gram-negative bacilli. Due to the possibility of antagonism in vivo, particularly when bactericidal activity is desired, this drug combination should be avoided.

In common with other antibacterial drugs, ceftazidime may affect the gut flora, leading to lower estrogen reabsorption and reduced efficacy of combined oral estrogen/progesterone contraceptives.

Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions

The administration of ceftazidime may result in a false-positive reaction for glucose in the urine when using CLINITEST® tablets, Benedict's solution, or Fehling's solution. It is recommended that glucose tests based on enzymatic glucose oxidase reactions (such as CLINISTIX®) be used.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

Long-term studies in animals have not been performed to evaluate carcinogenic potential. However, a mouse micronucleus test and an Ames test were both negative for mutagenic effects.

Pregnancy

Teratogenic Effects

Pregnancy Category B

Reproduction studies have been performed in mice and rats at doses up to 40 times the human dose and have revealed no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus due to tazicef. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.

Nursing Mothers

Ceftazidime is excreted in human milk in low concentrations. Caution should be exercised when ceftazidime is administered to a nursing woman.

Pediatric Use

See DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION.

Geriatric Use

Of the 2,221 subjects who received ceftazidime in 11 clinical studies, 824 (37%) were 65 and older while 391 (18%) were 75 and older. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these subjects and younger subjects, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater susceptibility of some older individuals to drug effects cannot be ruled out. This drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).
ADVERSE REACTIONS

Ceftazidime is generally well tolerated. The incidence of adverse reactions associated with the administration of ceftazidime was low in clinical trials. The most common were local reactions following IV injection and allergic and gastrointestinal reactions. Other adverse reactions were encountered infrequently. No disulfiram-like reactions were reported.

The following adverse effects from clinical trials were considered to be either related to ceftazidime therapy or were of uncertain etiology:

Local Effects, reported in fewer than 2% of patients, were phlebitis and inflammation at the site of injection (1 in 69 patients).

Hypersensitivity Reactions, reported in 2% of patients, were pruritus, rash, and fever. Immediate reactions, generally manifested by rash and/or pruritus, occurred in 1 in 285 patients. Toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and erythema multiforme have also been reported with cephalosporin antibacterial drugs, including ceftazidime. Angioedema and anaphylaxis (bronchospasm and/or hypotension) have been reported very rarely.

Gastrointestinal Symptoms, reported in fewer than 2% of patients, were diarrhea (1 in 78), nausea (1 in 156), vomiting (1 in 500), and abdominal pain (1 in 416). The onset of pseudomembranous colitis symptoms may occur during or after treatment (see WARNINGS).

Central Nervous System Reactions (fewer than 1%) included headache, dizziness, and paresthesia. Seizures have been reported with several cephalosporins, including ceftazidime. In addition, encephalopathy, coma, asterixis, neuromuscular excitability, and myoclonia have been reported in renally impaired patients treated with unadjusted dosing regimens of ceftazidime (see PRECAUTIONS: General).

Less Frequent Adverse Events (fewer than 1%) were candidiasis (including oral thrush) and vaginitis.

Hematologic

Rare cases of hemolytic anemia have been reported.

Laboratory Test Changes noted during clinical trials with ceftazidime for injection were transient and included: eosinophilia (1 in 13), positive Coombs test without hemolysis (1 in 23), thrombocytosis (1 in 45), and slight elevations in one or more of the hepatic enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase (AST, SGOT) (1 in 16), alanine aminotransferase (ALT, SGPT) (1 in 15), LDH (1 in 18), GGT (1 in 19), and alkaline phosphatase (1 in 23). As with some other cephalosporins, transient elevations of blood urea, blood urea nitrogen, and/or serum creatinine were observed occasionally. Transient leukopenia, neutropenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and lymphocytosis were seen very rarely.

Postmarketing Experience with Ceftazidime for Injection Products

In addition to the adverse events reported during clinical trials, the following events have been observed during clinical practice in patients treated with tazicef and were reported spontaneously. For some of these events, data are insufficient to allow an estimate of incidence or to establish causation.

General

Anaphylaxis; allergic reactions, which, in rare instances, were severe (e.g., cardiopulmonary arrest); urticaria; pain at injection site.

Hepatobiliary Tract

Hyperbilirubinemia, jaundice.

Renal and Genitourinary

Renal impairment.

Cephalosporin-Class Adverse Reactions

In addition to the adverse reactions listed above that have been observed in patients treated with ceftazidime, the following adverse reactions and altered laboratory tests have been reported for cephalosporin-class antibacterial drugs:

Adverse Reactions

Colitis, toxic nephropathy, hepatic dysfunction including cholestasis, aplastic anemia, hemorrhage.

Altered Laboratory Tests

Prolonged prothrombin time, false-positive test for urinary glucose, pancytopenia.

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Hospira, Inc. at 1-800-441-4100, or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
OVERDOSAGE

Ceftazidime overdosage has occurred in patients with renal failure. Reactions have included seizure activity, encephalopathy, asterixis, neuromuscular excitability, and coma. Patients who receive an acute overdosage should be carefully observed and given supportive treatment. In the presence of renal insufficiency, hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis may aid in the removal of ceftazidime from the body.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Dosage

The usual adult dosage is 1 gram administered intravenously or intramuscularly every 8 to 12 hours. The dosage and route should be determined by the susceptibility of the causative organisms, the severity of infection, and the condition and renal function of the patient.

The guidelines for dosage of Tazicef (ceftazidime for injection, USP) are listed in Table 3. The following dosage schedule is recommended.

Table 3. Recommended Dosage Schedule
* Although clinical improvement has been shown, bacteriologic cures cannot be expected in patients with chronic respiratory disease and cystic fibrosis. † The higher dose should be reserved for immunocompromised pediatric patients or pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis or meningitis.
	Dose	Frequency
Adults
Usual recommended dosage	1 gram intravenous or intramuscular	every 8 to 12 hours
Uncomplicated urinary tract infections	250 mg intravenous or intramuscular	every 12 hours
Bone and joint infections	2 grams intravenous	every 12 hours
Complicated urinary tract infections	500 mg intravenous or intramuscular	every 8 to 12 hours
Uncomplicated pneumonia; mild skin and skin-structure infections	500 mg to 1 gram intravenous or intramuscular	every 8 hours
Serious gynecologic and intra-abdominal infections	2 grams intravenous	every 8 hours
Meningitis	2 grams intravenous	every 8 hours
Very severe life-threatening infections, especially in immunocompromised patients	2 grams intravenous	every 8 hours
Lung infections caused by Pseudomonas spp. in patients with cystic fibrosis with normal renal function*	30 to 50 mg/kg intravenous to a maximum of 6 grams per day	every 8 hours
Neonates (0 to 4 weeks)	30 mg/kg intravenous	every 12 hours
Infants and children (1 month to 12 years)	30 to 50 mg/kg intravenous to a maximum of 6 grams per day†	every 8 hours

Impaired Hepatic Function

No adjustment in dosage is required for patients with hepatic dysfunction.

Impaired Renal Function

Ceftazidime is excreted by the kidneys, almost exclusively by glomerular filtration. Therefore, in patients with impaired renal function (glomerular filtration rate [GFR] <50 mL/min), it is recommended that the dosage of ceftazidime be reduced to compensate for its slower excretion. In patients with suspected renal insufficiency, an initial loading dose of 1 gram of Tazicef may be given. An estimate of GFR should be made to determine the appropriate maintenance dosage. The recommended dosage is presented in Table 4.

Table 4. Recommended Maintenance Dosages of Tazicef (ceftazidime for injection, USP) in Renal Insufficiency
Creatinine Clearance (mL/min)	Recommended Unit Dose of Tazicef	Frequency of Dosing
Note: if the dose recommended in table 3 above is lower than that recommended for patients with renal insufficiency as outlined in table 4, the lower dose should be used.
50 to 31	1 gram	every 12 hours
30 to 16	1 gram	every 24 hours
15 to 6	500 mg	every 24 hours
less than 5	500 mg	every 48 hours

When only serum creatinine is available, the following formula (Cockcroft's equation)1 may be used to estimate creatinine clearance. The serum creatinine should represent a steady state of renal function:

Males: Creatinine clearance (mL/min) =	Weight (kg) × (140 - age)
Males: Creatinine clearance (mL/min) =	72 × serum creatinine (mg/dL)
Females: 0.85 × male value

In patients with severe infections who would normally receive 6 grams of Tazicef daily were it not for renal insufficiency, the unit dose given in the table above may be increased by 50% or the dosing frequency may be increased appropriately. Further dosing should be determined by therapeutic monitoring, severity of the infection, and susceptibility of the causative organism.

In pediatric patients as for adults, the creatinine clearance should be adjusted for body surface area or lean body mass, and the dosing frequency should be reduced in cases of renal insufficiency.

In patients undergoing hemodialysis, a loading dose of 1 gram is recommended, followed by 1 gram after each hemodialysis period.

Tazicef (ceftazidime for injection, USP) can also be used in patients undergoing intraperitoneal dialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. In such patients, a loading dose of 1 gram of Tazicef may be given, followed by 500 mg every 24 hours. In addition to IV use, Tazicef can be incorporated in the dialysis fluid at a concentration of 250 mg for 2 L of dialysis fluid.

Note: Generally, Tazicef should be continued for 2 days after the signs and symptoms of infection have disappeared, but in complicated infections longer therapy may be required.

Administration

Tazicef may be given intravenously. Intra-arterial administration should be avoided (see PRECAUTIONS).

Note: Tazicef in ADD-Vantage® vials is not intended for direct IV or IM injection.

Intravenous Administration

The IV route is preferable for patients with bacterial septicemia, bacterial meningitis, peritonitis, or other severe or life-threatening infections, or for patients who may be poor risks because of lowered resistance resulting from such debilitating conditions as malnutrition, trauma, surgery, diabetes, heart failure, or malignancy, particularly if shock is present or pending.

Intermittent intravenous infusion with a Y-type administration set can be accomplished with compatible solutions. However, during infusion of a solution containing ceftazidime, it is desirable to discontinue the other solution.

ADD-Vantage® vials are to be constituted only with 50 or 100 mL of 5% Dextrose Injection, 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, or 50 mL of 0.45% Sodium Chloride Injection in ADD-Vantage® diluent (see Instructions for Use). ADD-Vantage® vials should be reconstituted only when it is certain that the patient is ready to receive the drug. Tazicef in ADD-Vantage® vials is stable for 24 hours at room temperature.

Note: Tazicef (ceftazidime for injection, USP) in the ADD-Vantage® vial is intended to be administered as a single-dose intravenous infusion with the ADD-Vantage® flexible diluent container.

All vials of Tazicef as supplied are under reduced pressure. When Tazicef is dissolved, carbon dioxide is released and a positive pressure develops. For ease of use please follow the recommended techniques of constitution described on the instructions for use section of this insert.

Solutions of Tazicef, like those of most beta-lactam antibacterial drugs, should not be added to solutions of aminoglycoside antibacterial drugs because of potential interaction.

However, if concurrent therapy with Tazicef and an aminoglycoside is indicated, each of these antibacterial drugs can be administered separately to the same patient.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
DIRECTIONS FOR USE OF TAZICEF® (CEFTAZIDIME FOR INJECTION, USP)

ADD-VANTAGE® VIALS:

1g, 2g

To Open Diluent Container:

Peel the corner of the ADD-Vantage® diluent overwrap and remove flexible diluent container. Some opacity of the plastic due to moisture absorption during the sterilization process may be observed. This is normal and does not affect the solution quality or safety. The opacity will diminish gradually.

To Assemble Vial and Flexible Diluent Container:

(Use Aseptic Technique)
- 1. Remove the protective covers from the top of the vial and the vial port on the diluent container as follows:
  - a. To remove the breakaway vial cap, swing the pull ring over the top of the vial and pull down far enough to start the opening (SEE FIGURE 1), then pull straight up to remove the cap. (SEE FIGURE 2.)
    Note: Once the breakaway cap has been removed, do not access vial with syringe.
- - b. To remove the vial port cover, grasp the tab on the pull ring, pull up to break the three tie strings, then pull back to remove the cover. (SEE FIGURE 3.)
- 2. Screw the vial into the vial port until it will go no further. THE VIAL MUST BE SCREWED IN TIGHTLY TO ASSURE A SEAL. This occurs approximately ½ turn (180°) after the first audible click. (SEE FIGURE 4.) The clicking sound does not assure a seal; the vial must be turned as far as it will go.
  Note: Once vial is sealed, do not attempt to remove. (SEE FIGURE 4.)
- 3. Recheck the vial to assure that it is tight by trying to turn it further in the direction of assembly.
- 4. Label appropriately.
To Prepare Admixture:
1. Squeeze the bottom of the diluent container gently to inflate the portion of the container surrounding the end of the drug vial.
2. With the other hand, push the drug vial down into the container, telescoping the walls of the container. Grasp the inner cap of the vial through the walls of the container. (SEE FIGURE 5.)
3. Pull the inner cap from the drug vial. (SEE FIGURE 6.) Verify that the rubber stopper has been pulled out, allowing the drug and diluent to mix.
4. Mix container contents thoroughly and use within the specified time.
Preparation for Administration:

(Use Aseptic Technique)
1. Confirm the activation and admixture of vial contents.
2. Check for leaks by squeezing container firmly. If leaks are found discard unit as sterility may be impaired.
3. Close flow control clamp of administration set.
4. Remove cover from outlet port at bottom of container.
5. Insert piercing pin of administration set into port with a twisting motion until the pin is firmly seated.
  Note: See full directions on administration set carton.
6. Lift the free end of the hanger loop on the bottom of the vial, breaking the two tie strings. Bend the loop outward to lock it in the upright position, then suspend container from hanger.
7. Squeeze and release drip chamber to establish proper fluid level in chamber.
8. Open flow control clamp and clear air from set. Close clamp.
9. Attach set to venipuncture device. If device is not in-dwelling, prime and make venipuncture.
10. Regulate rate of administration with flow control clamp.
WARNING: Do not use flexible container in series connections.

COMPATIBILITY AND STABILITY

Intravenous
Solutions of Tazicef in 5% Dextrose and 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection are stable for at least 6 hours at room temperature in plastic tubing, drip chambers and volume control devices of common IV infusion sets.

Vancomycin solution exhibits a physical incompatibility when mixed with a number of drugs, including ceftazidime. The likelihood of precipitation with ceftazidime is dependent on the concentrations of vancomycin and ceftazidime present. It is therefore recommended, when both drugs are to be administered by intermittent IV infusion, that they be given separately, flushing the IV lines (with one of the compatible IV fluids) between the administration of these two agents.

ADD-Vantage® Vials: Ordinarily, ADD-Vantage® vials should be reconstituted only when it is certain that the patient is ready to receive the drug. However, Tazicef in ADD-Vantage® vials is stable for 24 hours at room temperature when reconstituted as directed (DIRECTIONS FOR USE).

Note: Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter prior to administration whenever solution and container permit.

As with other cephalosporins, Tazicef powder, as well as solutions, tends to darken depending on storage conditions; within the stated recommendations, however, product potency is not adversely affected.
HOW SUPPLIED

Tazicef in the dry state should be stored at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature] and protected from light. Tazicef (ceftazidime for injection, USP) is a dry, white to off-white powder supplied in vials as follows:

ADD-Vantage® Vials: equivalent to 1 gram and 2 grams of ceftazidime.

1 gram: NDC: 0409-5092-16

2 gram: NDC: 0409-5093-11

Also available as:

Vials: equivalent to 1 gram and 2 grams of ceftazidime.

1 gram (tray of 25): NDC: 0409-5082-16

2 gram (tray of 10): NDC: 0409-5084-11

Pharmacy Bulk Bottles: equivalent to 6 grams of ceftazidime.

6 gram (tray of 10): NDC: 0409-5086-11
REFERENCES
1. Cockcroft DW, Gault MH. Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron. 1976;16:31-41.
CLINITEST and CLINISTIX are registered trademarks of Ames Division, Miles Laboratories, Inc.
SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION

Manufactured by Sandoz GmbH for Hospira, Inc.,
Lake Forest, IL 60045, USA.

LAB-1134-3.0

Revised: 10/2018
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 1 gram Vial Label

NDC: 0409-5092-11
equivalent to
1 gram ceftazidime

TAZICEF®
CEFTAZIDIME
FOR INJECTION, USP

For Intravenous Infusion Only

Rx only

Hospira
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 1 gram Vial Carton

25 ADD-Vantage® Vials

NDC: 0409-5092-16

TAZICEF®
CEFTAZIDIME FOR INJECTION, USP

equivalent to 1 gram ceftazidime

Rx only

For Intravenous Infusion Only

Note: For use only with ADD-Vantage® diluent container.

Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F)
[See USP Controlled Room Temperature].

Hospira
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 2 gram Vial Label

NDC: 0409-5093-14

equivalent to
2 grams ceftazidime

TAZICEF®
CEFTAZIDIME
FOR INJECTION, USP

For Intravenous Infusion Only

Rx only

Hospira
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 2 gram Vial Carton

NDC: 0409-5093-11

TAZICEF®
CEFTAZIDIME FOR INJECTION, USP

Rx only

equivalent to 2 grams ceftazidime

For Intravenous Infusion Only

10 ADD-Vantage® Vials

Hospira

INGREDIENTS AND APPEARANCE

TAZICEF
ceftazidime injection, powder, for solution

Product Information
Product Type	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG	Item Code (Source)	NDC: 0409-5092
Route of Administration	INTRAVENOUS

Ingredient Name	Basis of Strength	Strength
Active Ingredient/Active Moiety
CEFTAZIDIME (UNII: 9M416Z9QNR) (CEFTAZIDIME ANHYDROUS - UNII:DZR1ENT301)	CEFTAZIDIME ANHYDROUS	1 g

Ingredient Name	Strength
Inactive Ingredients
SODIUM CARBONATE (UNII: 45P3261C7T)	118 mg

#	Item Code	Package Description	Marketing Start Date
Packaging
1	NDC: 0409-5092-16	25 in 1 TRAY	05/08/2006
1	NDC: 0409-5092-11	1 in 1 VIAL, PATENT DELIVERY SYSTEM; Type 2: Prefilled Drug Delivery Device/System (syringe, patch, etc.)

Marketing Category	Application Number or Monograph Citation	Marketing Start Date	Marketing End Date
Marketing Information
ANDA	ANDA064032	05/08/2006

TAZICEF
ceftazidime injection, powder, for solution

Product Information
Product Type	HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG	Item Code (Source)	NDC: 0409-5093
Route of Administration	INTRAVENOUS

Ingredient Name	Basis of Strength	Strength
Active Ingredient/Active Moiety
CEFTAZIDIME (UNII: 9M416Z9QNR) (CEFTAZIDIME ANHYDROUS - UNII:DZR1ENT301)	CEFTAZIDIME ANHYDROUS	2 g

Ingredient Name	Strength
Inactive Ingredients
SODIUM CARBONATE (UNII: 45P3261C7T)	236 mg

#	Item Code	Package Description	Marketing Start Date
Packaging
1	NDC: 0409-5093-11	10 in 1 TRAY	04/05/2006
1	NDC: 0409-5093-14	1 in 1 VIAL, PATENT DELIVERY SYSTEM; Type 2: Prefilled Drug Delivery Device/System (syringe, patch, etc.)

Marketing Category	Application Number or Monograph Citation	Marketing Start Date	Marketing End Date
Marketing Information
ANDA	ANDA064032	04/05/2006

Labeler - Hospira, Inc. (141588017)

Name	Address	ID/FEI	Business Operations
Establishment
Pfizer Healthcare India Private Limited		650490118	ANALYSIS(0409-5092, 0409-5093) , LABEL(0409-5092, 0409-5093) , MANUFACTURE(0409-5092, 0409-5093) , PACK(0409-5092, 0409-5093)

Name	Address	ID/FEI	Business Operations
Establishment
Sandoz GmbH		300220969	ANALYSIS(0409-5092, 0409-5093) , API MANUFACTURE(0409-5092, 0409-5093) , LABEL(0409-5092, 0409-5093) , MANUFACTURE(0409-5092, 0409-5093) , PACK(0409-5092, 0409-5093)

Trademark Results [TAZICEF]

Mark Image Registration \| Serial	Company Trademark Application Date
TAZICEF 77918467 3837729 Live/Registered	Hospira, Inc. 2010-01-22
TAZICEF 74334058 1783825 Dead/Cancelled	SmithKline Beecham Corporation 1992-11-23
TAZICEF 73489701 1412941 Dead/Cancelled	SMITHKLINE BECKMAN CORPORATION 1984-07-13