Intralipid

Intralipid^® 20% (A 20% Intravenous Fat Emulsion) is a sterile, non-pyrogenic fat emulsion prepared for intravenous administration as a source of calories and essential fatty acids. It is made up of 20% Soybean Oil, 1.2% Egg Yolk Phospholipids, 2.25% Glycerin, and Water for Injection. In addition, sodium hydroxide has been added to adjust the pH so that the final product pH is 8. pH range is 6 to 8.9.

The soybean oil is a refined natural product consisting of a mixture of neutral triglycerides of predominantly unsaturated fatty acids with the following structure:

WhereFigureare saturated and unsaturated fatty acid residues.

The major component fatty acids are linoleic acid (44-62%), oleic acid (19-30%), palmitic acid (7-14%), α-linolenic acid (4-11%) and stearic acid (1.4-5.5%)¹. These fatty acids have the following chemical and structural formulas:

Figure

Purified egg phosphatides are a mixture of naturally occurring phospholipids which are isolated from the egg yolk. These phospholipids have the following general structure:

Figure

Figurecontain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids that abound in neutral fats. R₃ is primarily either the choline or ethanolamine ester of phosphoric acid.

Figure

Glycerin is chemically designated C₃H₈O₃ and is a clear colorless, hygroscopic syrupy liquid. It has the following structural formula:

Figure

Intralipid 20% (A 20% Intravenous Fat Emulsion) has an osmolality of approximately 350 mOsmol/kg water (which represents 260 mOsmoL/L of emulsion) and contains emulsified fat particles of approximately 0.5micron size.

The total caloric value, including fat, phospholipid and glycerin, is 2.0 kcal per mL of Intralipid 20%. The phospholipids present contribute 47 milligrams or approximately 1.5 mmol of phosphorus per 100 mL of the emulsion.

The primary plastic container (Biofine^TM) is made from multilayered film specifically designed for parenteral nutrition drug products. The film is polypropylene based comprising three co-extruded layers. It contains no plasticizers and exhibits virtually no leachables. The container does not contain DEHP (di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) or PVC. The container is nontoxic and biologically inert. This product is not made with natural rubber latex.

The container-emulsion unit is a closed system and is not dependent upon entry of external air during administration.

The container is overwrapped to provide protection from the physical environment and to provide an additional moisture barrier when necessary.

Intralipid 20% is metabolized and utilized as a source of energy causing an increase in heat production, decrease in respiratory quotient and increase in oxygen consumption. The infused fat particles are cleared from the blood stream in a manner thought to be comparable to the clearing of chylomicrons.

Intralipid 20% will prevent the biochemical lesions of essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) and correct the clinical manifestations of the EFAD syndrome.

Intralipid^® 20% is indicated as a source of calories and essential fatty acids for patients requiring parenteral nutrition for extended periods of time (usually for more than 5 days) and as a source of essential fatty acids for prevention of EFAD.

Intralipid 20% is contraindicated in patients with:

• Disturbances of normal fat metabolism such as pathologic hyperlipemia, lipoid nephrosis or acute pancreatitis if accompanied by hyperlipidemia.
• Known hypersensitivity to egg, soybean, peanut protein, or to any of the active ingredients or excipients in Intralipid 20%.

Deaths in preterm infants after infusion of intravenous fat emulsion have been reported in the medical literature².

Autopsy findings included intravascular fat accumulation in the lungs. Treatment of premature and low birth weight infants with intravenous fat emulsion must be based upon careful benefit-risk assessment. Strict adherence to the recommended total daily dose is mandatory; hourly infusion rate should be as slow as possible in each case and should not in any case exceed 1 g fat/kg in four hours. Premature and small for gestational age infants have poor clearance of intravenous fat emulsion and increased free fatty acid plasma levels following fat emulsion infusion; therefore, serious consideration must be given to administration of less than the maximum recommended doses in these patients in order to decrease the likelihood of intravenous fat overload.

The infant's ability to eliminate the infused fat from the circulation must be carefully monitored (such as serum triglycerides and/or plasma free fatty acid levels).

The lipemia must clear between daily infusions.

Caution should be exercised in administering of Intralipid 20% (A 20% Intravenous Fat Emulsion) to patients with severe liver damage, pulmonary disease, anemia, or blood coagulation disorders, or when there is danger of fat embolism.

When Intralipid 20% is administered, the patient's capacity to eliminate the infused fat from the circulation must be monitored by use of an appropriate laboratory determination of serum triglycerides. Overdosage must be avoided.

During intravenous administration with Intralipid 20%, perform liver tests to monitor for PNALD. If patients develop liver test abnormalities, consider discontinuation of Intralipid or dosage reduction. (See WARNINGS section)

Frequent platelet counts should be done in neonatal patients receiving parenteral nutrition with Intralipid 20%.

Drug product contains no more than 25 mcg/L of aluminum.

The adverse reactions observed can be separated into two classes:

1. Those more frequently encountered are due: either to contamination of the intravenous catheter and result in sepsis, or to vein irritation by concurrently infused hypertonic solutions and may result in thrombophlebitis. These adverse reactions are inseparable from the hyperalimentation procedure with or without Intralipid 20% (A 20% I.V. Fat Emulsion).
2. Less frequent reactions more directly related to Intralipid20% are: a) immediate or early adverse reactions, each of which has been reported to occur in clinical trials, in an incidence of less than 1%; dyspnea, cyanosis, allergic reactions, hyperlipemia, hypercoagulability, nausea, vomiting, headache, flushing, increase in temperature, sweating, sleepiness, pain in the chest and back, slight pressure over the eyes, dizziness, and irritation at the site of infusion, and, rarely, thrombocytopenia in neonates; b) delayed adverse reactions such as hepatomegaly, jaundice due to central lobular cholestasis, splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, transient increases in liver tests, and overloading syndrome (focal seizures, fever, leukocytosis, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and shock).

The deposition of a brown pigmentation in the reticuloendothelial system, the so-called “intravenous fat pigment,” has been reported in patients infused with Intralipid 20%. The causes and significance of this phenomenon are unknown.

In the event of fat overload during therapy, stop the infusion of Intralipid 20% until visual inspection of the plasma, determination of triglyceride concentrations, or measurement of plasma light-scattering activity by nephelometry indicates the lipid has cleared. Re- evaluate the patient and institute appropriate corrective measures. See WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS.

Intralipid 20% should be administered as a part of Intravenous nutrition via peripheral vein or by central venous infusion.

Intralipid 20% (A 20% I.V. Fat Emulsion) may be mixed with Amino Acid and Dextrose Injections where compatibility have been demonstrated. Additives known to be incompatible should not be used. Please consult with pharmacist. If, in the informed judgment of the physician, it is deemed advisable to introduce additives, use aseptic technique. Mix thoroughly when additives have been introduced. Do not store solutions containing additives (e.g., Vitamins and Minerals).

Protect the admixed PN solution from light.

When being mixed the following proper mixing sequence must be followed to minimize pH related problems by ensuring that typically acidic Dextrose Injections are not mixed with lipid emulsions alone:

1. Transfer Dextrose Injection to the TPN Admixture Container
2. Transfer Amino Acid Injection
3. Transfer Intralipid 20% (A 20% Intravenous Fat Emulsion)

Note: Amino Acid Injection, Dextrose Injection and Intralipid 20% may be simultaneously transferred to the admixture container. Admixing should be accompanied by gentle agitation to avoid localized concentration effects.

Additives must not be added directly to Intralipid 20% and in no case should Intralipid 20% be added to the TPN container first. Bags should be shaken gently after each addition to minimize localized concentration.

If the admixture is not used immediately, the in-use storage time and conditions prior to use are the responsibility of the user and should normally not be longer than 24 hours at 2-8°C. After removal from storage at 2-8°C, the admixture should be infused within 24 hours.

It is essential that the admixture be prepared using strict aseptic techniques as this nutrient mixture is a good growth medium for microorganisms.

Supplemental electrolytes, trace metals or multivitamins may be required in accordance with the prescription of the attending physician.

The prime destabilizers of emulsions are excessive acidity (low pH) and inappropriate electrolyte content. Careful consideration should be given to additions of divalent cations (Ca⁺⁺ and Mg⁺⁺) which have been shown to cause emulsion instability. Amino acid solutions exert a buffering effect protecting the emulsion. The admixture should be inspected carefully for “breaking or oiling out” of the emulsion. “Breaking or oiling out” is described as the separation of the emulsion and can be visibly identified by a yellowish streaking or the accumulation of yellowish droplets in the admixed emulsion. The admixture should also be examined for particulates. The admixture must be discarded if any of the above is observed.

Intralipid 20% is supplied as a sterile emulsion in the following fill sizes: 100 mL, 250 mL and 500 mL.

100 mL: 0338-0519-58

250 mL: 0338-0519-09

500 mL: 0338 0519-13

Intralipid 20% is also available as Pharmacy Bulk Package in the following fill size. 1000 mL: 0338-0519-14

Intralipid 20% should not be stored above 25°C (77°F). Do not freeze Intralipid 20%. If accidentally frozen, discard the bag.

1. Padley FB: “Major Vegetable Fats”, The Lipid Handbook (Gunstone FD, Harwood JL, Padley FB, eds.), Chapman and Hall Ltd., Cambridge, UK (1986), pp. 88-9.
2. Levene MI, Wigglesworth JS, Desai R: Pulmonary fat accumulation after Intralipid infusion in the preterm infant. Lancet 1980; 2(8199):815-8.
3. American Academy of Pediatrics: Use of intravenous fat emulsion in pediatric patients. Pediatrics 1981; 68:5(Nov) 738-43.

(Rev May 2022)

Manufactured for
Baxter Healthcare Corporation
Deerfield, IL 60015 USA

Manufactured by
Fresenius Kabi,
Uppsala, Sweden

Intralipid^® is a registered trademark of Fresenius Kabi AB.

Instruction for Use - Intralipid^® 20% Container

PACKAGE LABEL - PRINCIPAL DISPLAY - Intralipid 250 mL Container Label

NDC 0338-0519-09

Intralipid ^®  20%

A 20% I.V. Fat Emulsion

250 mL
For Intravenous Use

Rx only

  bag 20