Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinion by is a Prescription medication manufactured, distributed, or labeled by Prasco Laboratories. Drug facts, warnings, and ingredients follow.
Observed local treatment-related adverse reactions (≥ 1%) in clinical trials with Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel were application site reactions, including dryness, irritation, exfoliation, erythema, pruritus, and dermatitis. Sunburn was also reported. (6.1)
To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Aqua Pharmaceuticals, at 1-866-665-2782 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
See 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION and FDA-approved patient labeling.
Revised: 4/2018
Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel should be applied once daily in the evening, gently rubbing the medication to lightly cover the entire affected area. Approximately a pea-sized amount will be needed for each application. Avoid the eyes, lips, and mucous membranes.
Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel is not for oral, ophthalmic, or intravaginal use.
Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel, containing clindamycin phosphate 1.2% and tretinoin 0.025%, is a yellow, opaque topical gel. Each gram of Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel contains, as dispensed, 10 mg (1%) clindamycin as clindamycin phosphate, and 0.25 mg (0.025%) tretinoin solubilized in an aqueous-based gel.
Systemic absorption of clindamycin has been demonstrated following topical use. Diarrhea, bloody diarrhea, and colitis (including pseudomembranous colitis) have been reported with the use of topical clindamycin. If significant diarrhea occurs, Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel should be discontinued.
Severe colitis has occurred following oral or parenteral administration of clindamycin with an onset of up to several weeks following cessation of therapy. Antiperistaltic agents such as opiates and diphenoxylate with atropine may prolong and/or worsen severe colitis. Severe colitis may result in death.
Studies indicate a toxin(s) produced by clostridia is one primary cause of antibiotic-associated colitis. The colitis is usually characterized by severe persistent diarrhea and severe abdominal cramps and may be associated with the passage of blood and mucus. Stool cultures for Clostridium difficile and stool assay for C. difficile toxin may be helpful diagnostically.
Exposure to sunlight, including sunlamps, should be avoided during the use of Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel. Patients with sunburn should be advised not to use the product until fully recovered because of heightened susceptibility to sunlight as a result of the use of tretinoin. Patients who may be required to have considerable sun exposure due to occupation and those with inherent sensitivity to the sun should exercise particular caution. Daily use of sunscreen products and protective apparel (e.g., a hat) are recommended. Weather extremes, such as wind or cold, also may be irritating to patients under treatment with Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel.
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared with rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice.
The safety data reflect exposure to Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel in 1,104 subjects with acne vulgaris. Subjects were 12 years and older and were treated once daily in the evening for 12 weeks. Adverse reactions that were reported in ≥1% of subjects treated with Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel are presented in Table 1.
Table 1. Treatment-Related Adverse Reactions Reported by ≥1% of Subjects
Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel N = 1,104 n (%) |
Clindamycin Gel N = 1,091 n (%) |
Tretinoin Gel N = 1,084 n (%) |
Vehicle Gel N = 552 n (%) |
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Patients with at least one adverse reaction | 140 (13) | 38 (3) | 141 (13) | 17 (3) | |
Application site dryness | 64 (6) | 12 (1) | 62 (6) | 3 (1) | |
Application site irritation | 50 (5) | 4 (<1) | 57 (5) | 5 (<1) | |
Application site exfoliation | 50 (5) | 2 (<1) | 56 (5) | 2 (<1) | |
Application site erythema | 40 (4) | 6 (1) | 39 (4) | 3 (1) | |
Application site pruritus | 26 (2) | 7 (1) | 23 (2) | 6 (1) | |
Sunburn | 11 (1) | 6 (1) | 7 (1) | 3 (1) | |
Application site dermatitis | 6 (1) | 0 (0) | 8 (1) | 1 (<1) |
Local skin reactions actively assessed at baseline and end of treatment with a score >0 are presented in Table 2.
Table 2. Local Skin Reactions in Subjects Treated With Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel
Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel | Vehicle Gel |
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Local Reaction |
Baseline N=476 (%) |
End of Treatment N= 409 (%) |
Baseline N=219 (%) |
End of Treatment N=209 (%) |
Erythema | 24% | 21% | 31% | 35% |
Scaling | 8% | 19% | 14% | 12% |
Dryness | 11% | 22% | 18% | 13% |
Burning | 8% | 13% | 8% | 4% |
Itching | 17% | 15% | 22% | 14% |
During the 12 weeks of treatment, each local skin reaction peaked at Week 2 and gradually reduced thereafter.
Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel should not be used in combination with erythromycin-containing products due to possible antagonism to the clindamycin component. In vitro studies have shown antagonism between these 2 antimicrobials. The clinical significance of this in vitro antagonism is not known.
Pregnancy Category C.
There are no well-controlled studies in pregnant women treated with Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel. Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. A limit teratology study performed in Sprague Dawley rats treated topically with Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel or 0.025% tretinoin gel at a dose of 2 mL/kg during gestation days 6 to 15 did not result in teratogenic effects. Although no systemic levels of tretinoin were detected, craniofacial and heart abnormalities were described in drug-treated groups. These abnormalities are consistent with retinoid effects and occurred at 16 times the recommended clinical dose assuming 100% absorption and based on body surface area comparison. For purposes of comparison of the animal exposure to human exposure, the recommended clinical dose is defined as 1 g of Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel applied daily to a 50-kg person.
Clindamycin: Reproductive developmental toxicity studies performed in rats and mice using oral doses of clindamycin up to 600 mg/kg/day (480 and 240 times the recommended clinical dose based on body surface area comparison, respectively) or subcutaneous doses of clindamycin up to 180 mg/kg/day (140 and 70 times the recommended clinical dose based on body surface area comparison, respectively) revealed no evidence of teratogenicity.
Tretinoin: Oral tretinoin has been shown to be teratogenic in mice, rats, hamsters, rabbits, and primates. It was teratogenic and fetotoxic in Wistar rats when given orally at doses greater than 1 mg/kg/day (32 times the recommended clinical dose based on body surface area comparison). However, variations in teratogenic doses among various strains of rats have been reported. In the cynomologous monkey, a species in which tretinoin metabolism is closer to humans than in other species examined, fetal malformations were reported at oral doses of 10 mg/kg/day or greater, but none were observed at 5 mg/kg/day (324 times the recommended clinical dose based on body surface area comparison), although increased skeletal variations were observed at all doses. Dose-related teratogenic effects and increased abortion rates were reported in pigtail macaques.
With widespread use of any drug, a small number of birth defect reports associated temporally with the administration of the drug would be expected by chance alone. Thirty cases of temporally associated congenital malformations have been reported during 2 decades of clinical use of another formulation of topical tretinoin. Although no definite pattern of teratogenicity and no causal association have been established from these cases, 5 of the reports describe the rare birth defect category, holoprosencephaly (defects associated with incomplete midline development of the forebrain). The significance of these spontaneous reports in terms of risk to fetus is not known.
It is not known whether clindamycin is excreted in human milk following use of Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel. However, orally and parenterally administered clindamycin has been reported to appear in breast milk. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother. It is not known whether tretinoin is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel is administered to a nursing woman.
Safety and effectiveness of Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel in pediatric patients younger than 12 years have not been established.
Clinical trials of Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel included 2,086 subjects aged 12 through 17 years with acne vulgaris. [See Clinical Studies (14).]
Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel, 1.2%/0.025%, is a fixed combination of 2 solubilized active ingredients in an aqueous-based gel. Clindamycin phosphate is a water soluble ester of the semi-synthetic antibiotic produced by a 7(S)-chloro-substitution of the 7(R)-hydroxyl group of the parent antibiotic lincomycin.
The chemical name for clindamycin phosphate is methyl 7-chloro-6,7,8-trideoxy-6-(1-methyl-trans-4-propyl-L-2-pyrrolidinecarboxamido)-1-thio-L-threo-α-D-galacto-octopyranoside 2-(dihydrogen phosphate). The structural formula for clindamycin phosphate is represented below:
Molecular Formula: C18H34ClN2O8PS
Molecular Weight: 504.97
The chemical name for tretinoin is all-trans 3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoic acid. It is a member of the retinoid family of compounds.
The structural formula for tretinoin is represented below:
Molecular Formula: C20H28O2
Molecular Weight: 300.44
Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel contains the following inactive ingredients: anhydrous citric acid, butylated hydroxytoluene, carbomer homopolymer (type C), edetate disodium, laureth 4, methylparaben, propylene glycol, purified water, and tromethamine.
Clindamycin:[See Microbiology (12.4).]
Tretinoin: Although the exact mode of action of tretinoin is unknown, current evidence suggests that topical tretinoin decreases cohesiveness of folliculare epithelial cells with decreased microcomedone formation. Additionally, tretinoin stimulates mitotic activity and increased turnover of follicular epithelial cells causing extrusion of the comedones.
In an open-label trial of 17 subjects with moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris, topical administration of approximately 3 grams of Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel once daily for 5 days, clindamycin concentrations were quantifiable in all 17 subjects starting from 1 hour post-dose. All plasma clindamycin concentrations were ≤5.56 ng/mL on Day 5, with the exception of 1 subject who had a maximum clindamycin concentration of 8.73 ng/mL at 4 hours post-dose. There was no appreciable increase in systemic exposure to tretinoin, as compared with the baseline value. The average tretinoin concentration across all sampling times on Day 5 ranged from 1.19 to 1.23 ng/mL compared with the corresponding baseline mean tretinoin concentration range of 1.16 to 1.30 ng/mL.
No microbiology studies were conducted in the clinical trials with this product.
Mechanism of Action: Clindamycin binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria and prevents elongation of peptide chains by interfering with peptidyl transfer, thereby suppressing protein synthesis. Clindamycin has been shown to have in vitro activity against Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), an organism that has been associated with acne vulgaris; however, the clinical significance of this activity against P. acnes was not examined in clinical trials with Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel. P. acnes resistance to clindamycin has been documented.
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance: The treatment of acne with antimicrobials is associated with the development of antimicrobial resistance in P. acnes as well as other bacteria (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes). The use of clindamycin may result in developing inducible resistance in these organisms. This resistance is not detected by routine susceptibility testing.
Cross Resistance: Resistance to clindamycin is often associated with resistance to erythromycin.
Long-term animal studies have not been performed to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel or the effect of Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel on fertility. Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel was negative for mutagenic potential when evaluated in an in vitro Ames Salmonella reversion assay. Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel was equivocal for clastogenic potential in the absence of metabolic activation when tested in an in vitro chromosomal aberration assay.
Clindamycin: Once-daily dermal administration of 1% clindamycin as clindamycin phosphate in the gel vehicle (32 mg/kg/day, 13 times the recommended clinical dose based on body surface area comparison) to mice for up to 2 years did not produce evidence of tumorigenicity.
Fertility studies in rats treated orally with up to 300 mg/kg/day of clindamycin (240 times the recommended clinical dose based on body surface area comparison) revealed no effects on fertility or mating ability.
Tretinoin: In 2 independent mouse studies where tretinoin was administered topically (0.025% or 0.1%) 3 times per week for up to 2 years no carcinogenicity was observed, with maximum effects of dermal amyloidosis. However, in a dermal carcinogenicity study in mice, tretinoin applied at a dose of 5.1 mcg (1.4 times the recommended clinical dose based on body surface area comparison) 3 times per week for 20 weeks acted as a weak promoter of skin tumor formation following a single application of dimethylbenz[α]anthracene (DMBA).
In a study in female SENCAR mice, papillomas were induced by topical exposure to DMBA followed by promotion with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate or mezerein for up to 20 weeks. Topical application of tretinoin prior to each application of promoting agent resulted in a reduction in the number of papillomas per mouse. However, papillomas resistant to topical tretinoin suppression were at higher risk for pre-malignant progression.
Tretinoin has been shown to enhance photocarcinogenicity in properly performed specific studies, employing concurrent or intercurrent exposure to tretinoin and UV radiation. The photocarcinogenic potential of the clindamycin tretinoin combination is unknown. Although the significance of these studies to humans is not clear, patients should avoid exposure to sun.
The genotoxic potential of tretinoin was evaluated in an in vitro Ames Salmonella reversion test and an in vitrochromosomal aberration assay in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Both tests were negative.
In oral fertility studies in rats treated with tretinoin, the no-observed-effect-level was 2 mg/kg/day (64 times the recommended clinical dose based on body surface area comparison).
The safety and efficacy of Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel, applied once daily for the treatment of acne vulgaris, was evaluated in 12-week multi-center, randomized, blinded trials in subjects 12 years and older.
Treatment response was defined as the percent of subjects who had a 2-grade improvement from baseline to Week 12 based on the Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA) and a mean absolute change from baseline to Week 12 in 2 out of 3 (total, inflammatory and non-inflammatory) lesion counts. The IGA scoring scale used in all the clinical trials for Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel is as follows:
0 | Clear | Normal, clear skin with no evidence of acne vulgaris. |
1 |
Almost Clear | Skin almost clear; rare non-inflammatory lesions present, with rare non-inflamed papules (papules must be resolving and may be hyperpigmented, though not pink-red) requiring no further treatment in the Investigator's opinion. |
2 | Mild | Some non-inflammatory lesions are present, with few inflammatory lesions (papules/pustules only, no nodulo-cystic lesions). |
3 | Moderate | Non-inflammatory lesions predominate, with multiple inflammatory lesions evident; several-to-many comedones and papules/pustules, and there may or may not be 1 small nodulo-cystic lesion. |
4 | Severe | Inflammatory lesions are more apparent; many comedones and papules/pustules, there may or may not be a few nodulo-cycstic lesions. |
5 | Very Severe | Highly inflammatory lesions predominate; variable numbers of comedones, many papules/pustules and nodulo-cystic lesions. |
In Trial 1, 1,649 subjects were randomized to Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel, clindamycin gel, tretinoin gel, and vehicle gel. The median age of subjects was 17 years and 58% were females. At baseline, subjects had an average of 71 total lesions of which the mean number of inflammatory lesions was 25.5 lesions and the mean number of non-inflammatory lesions was 45.1 lesions. The majority of subjects enrolled with a baseline IGA score of 3. The efficacy results at Week 12 are presented in Table 3.
Table 3. Efficacy Results at Week 12
Trial 1 |
Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel N = 476 |
Clindamycin Gel N=467 |
Tretinoin Gel N=464 |
Vehicle Gel N=242 |
Investigator's Global Assessment
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Percentage of subjects achieving 2-Grade Improvement | 36.3% | 26.6% | 26.1% | 20.2% |
Percentage of subjects achieving an IGA of 0 or 1 with a 2-Grade Improvement | 33.2% | 24.0% | 22.6% | 17.8% |
Inflammatory Lesions: Mean absolute reduction Mean percentage (%) reduction |
15.5 60.4% |
14.5 56.5% |
13.9 54.5% |
11.1 43.3% |
Non-Inflammatory Lesions: Mean absolute reduction Mean percentage (%) reduction |
23.2 51.0% |
19.5 42.9% |
22.1 47.3% |
17.0 36.0% |
Total Lesions: Mean absolute reduction Mean percentage (%) reduction |
38.7 55.0% |
34.0 49.0% |
36.0 50.5% |
28.1 39.1% |
The safety and efficacy of clindamycin-tretinoin gel was also evaluated in 2 additional 12-week, multi-centered, randomized, blinded trials in subjects 12 years and older. A total of 2,219 subjects with mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris were treated once daily for 12 weeks. Of the 2,219 subjects, 634 subjects were treated with clindamycin-tretinoin gel. These trials demonstrated consistent outcomes.
How Supplied
Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel is supplied as follows:
Storage and Handling
See FDA-approved patient labeling (Patient Information).
PATIENT INFORMATION
Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel, 1.2%/0.025%
IMPORTANT: For use on skin only (topical use). Do not get Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel in your mouth, eyes, or vagina. |
Read the Patient Information that comes with Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel before
you start using it and each time you get a refill. There may be new
information. This leaflet does not take the place of talking with your
doctor about your medical condition or your treatment.
What is Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel?
Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel is prescription medicine used on the skin to treat acne in people 12 years and older.
It is not known if Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel is safe and effective in children
younger than 12 years.
Who should not use Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel?
Do not use Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel if you have:
Talk to your doctor if you are not sure if you have one of these
conditions.
What should I tell my doctor before using Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel?
Before using Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel, tell your doctor if you:
Tell your doctor about all the medicines and skin products you use. Especially tell your doctor if you take medicine that contains erythromycin. Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel should not be used with products that contain erythromycin.
Know the medicines you take. Keep a list of
your medicines and show it to your doctor and pharmacist when you
get a new medicine.
How should I use Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel?
Instructions for applying Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel:
What should I avoid while using Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel?
What are the possible side effects of Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel?
Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel may cause serious side effects, including:
Common side effects of Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel include:
Talk to your doctor about any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the side effects with Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may
report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
How should I store Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel?
General information about Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel
Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in the patient information leaflet. Do not use Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel to other people, even if they have the same symptoms you have. It may harm them.
This patient information leaflet summarizes the most important information about Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel. If you would like more information, talk with your doctor. You can also ask your pharmacist or doctor for information about Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel that is written for healthcare professionals. For more information call 1-866-665-2782.
What are the ingredients in Clindamycin Phosphate and Tretinoin Gel?
Active Ingredients: clindamycin phosphate and tretinoin
Inactive ingredients: anhydrous citric acid, butylated hydroxytoluene, carbomer homopolymer (type C), edetate disodium, laureth 4, methylparaben, propylene glycol, purified water, and tromethamine.
This Patient Information has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Manufactured by DPT Laboratories, San Antonio, TX 78215
Manufactured for Prasco Laboratories, Mason, OH 45040 USA
140954 Revised 04/2018
CLINDAMYCIN PHOSPHATE AND TRETINION
clindamycin phosphate and tretinoin gel |
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Labeler - Prasco Laboratories (065969375) |