TOUJEO Max by is a Prescription medication manufactured, distributed, or labeled by Sanofi-Aventis U.S. LLC, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Genzyme Corporation. Drug facts, warnings, and ingredients follow.
Adverse reactions commonly associated with TOUJEO (≥5%) are:
To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact sanofi-aventis at 1-800-633-1610 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
See 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION and FDA-approved patient labeling.
Revised: 12/2019
Type 1 Diabetes
TOUJEO is contraindicated:
TOUJEO SoloStar or TOUJEO Max SoloStar single-patient-use prefilled pens must never be shared between patients, even if the needle is changed. Pen sharing poses a risk for transmission of blood-borne pathogens.
Changes in Insulin Regimen Including Changes to Administration Site
Changes in an insulin regimen (e.g., insulin strength, manufacturer, type, injection site, or method of administration) may affect glycemic control and predispose to hypoglycemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] or hyperglycemia. Repeated insulin injections into areas of lipodystrophy or localized cutaneous amyloidosis have been reported to result in hyperglycemia, and a sudden change in the injection site (to unaffected area) has been reported to result in hypoglycemia [see Adverse Reactions (6)].
Make any changes to a patient's insulin regimen under close medical supervision with increased frequency of blood glucose monitoring. Advise patients who have repeatedly injected into areas of lipodystrophy or localized cutaneous amyloidosis to change the injection site to unaffected areas and closely monitor for hypoglycemia. For patients with type 2 diabetes, dosage adjustments of concomitant oral antidiabetic products may be needed.
Changing to TOUJEO from other Insulins
On a unit-to-unit basis, TOUJEO has a lower glucose lowering effect than LANTUS [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)]. In clinical trials, patients who changed to TOUJEO from other basal insulins experienced higher average fasting plasma glucose levels in the first weeks of therapy compared to patients who were changed to LANTUS. Higher doses of TOUJEO were required to achieve similar levels of glucose control compared to LANTUS in clinical trials [see Clinical Studies (14.1)].
The onset of action of TOUJEO develops over 6 hours following an injection. In type 1 diabetes patients treated with IV insulin, consider the longer onset of action of TOUJEO before stopping IV insulin. The full glucose lowering effect may not be apparent for at least 5 days [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)].
To minimize the risk of hyperglycemia when initiating TOUJEO monitor glucose daily, titrate TOUJEO as described in this prescribing information, and adjust coadministered glucose-lowering therapies per standard of care [see Dosage and Administration (2.2, 2.3)].
Hypoglycemia is the most common adverse reaction associated with insulin, including TOUJEO. Severe hypoglycemia can cause seizures, may be life-threatening, or cause death. Hypoglycemia can impair concentration ability and reaction time; this may place an individual and others at risk in situations where these abilities are important (e.g., driving, or operating other machinery). Hypoglycemia can happen suddenly and symptoms may differ in each individual and change over time in the same individual. Symptomatic awareness of hypoglycemia may be less pronounced in patients with longstanding diabetes, in patients with diabetic nerve disease, in patients using medications that block the sympathetic nervous system (e.g., beta-blockers) [see Drug Interactions (7)], or in patients who experience recurrent hypoglycemia.
Risk Factors for Hypoglycemia
The timing of hypoglycemia usually reflects the time-action profile of the administered insulin formulation. As with all insulin preparations, the glucose lowering effect time course of TOUJEO may vary in different individuals or at different times in the same individual and depends on many conditions, including the area of injection as well as the injection site blood supply and temperature [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)]. Other factors which may increase the risk of hypoglycemia include changes in meal pattern (e.g., macronutrient content or timing of meals), changes in level of physical activity, or changes to coadministered medication [see Drug Interactions (7)]. Patients with renal or hepatic impairment may be at higher risk of hypoglycemia [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6, 8.7)].
Risk Mitigation Strategies for Hypoglycemia
Patients and caregivers must be educated to recognize and manage hypoglycemia. Self-monitoring of blood glucose plays an essential role in the prevention and management of hypoglycemia. In patients at higher risk for hypoglycemia and patients who have reduced symptomatic awareness of hypoglycemia, increased frequency of blood glucose monitoring is recommended. To minimize the risk of hypoglycemia, do not administer TOUJEO intravenously, intramuscularly or in an insulin pump, or dilute or mix TOUJEO with any other insulin products or solutions.
Accidental mix-ups between basal insulin products and other insulins, particularly rapid-acting insulins, have been reported. To avoid medication errors between TOUJEO and other insulins, instruct patients to always check the insulin label before each injection.
To avoid dosing errors and potential overdose, never use a syringe to remove TOUJEO from the TOUJEO SoloStar or TOUJEO Max SoloStar prefilled pen into a syringe [see Dosage and Administration (2.4) and Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
Severe, life-threatening, generalized allergy, including anaphylaxis, can occur with insulin products, including TOUJEO. If hypersensitivity reactions occur, discontinue TOUJEO; treat per standard of care and monitor until symptoms and signs resolve [see Adverse Reactions (6)]. TOUJEO is contraindicated in patients who have had hypersensitivity reactions to insulin glargine or other of the excipients [see Contraindications (4)].
All insulin products, including TOUJEO, cause a shift in potassium from the extracellular to intracellular space, possibly leading to hypokalemia. Untreated hypokalemia may cause respiratory paralysis, ventricular arrhythmia, and death. Monitor potassium levels in patients at risk for hypokalemia, if indicated (e.g., patients using potassium-lowering medications, patients taking medications sensitive to serum potassium concentrations).
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), which are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonists, can cause dose-related fluid retention, particularly when used in combination with insulin. Fluid retention may lead to or exacerbate heart failure. Patients treated with insulin, including TOUJEO, and a PPAR-gamma agonist should be observed for signs and symptoms of heart failure. If heart failure develops, it should be managed according to current standards of care, and discontinuation or dose reduction of the PPAR-gamma agonist must be considered.
The following adverse reactions are discussed elsewhere:
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug, and may not reflect the rates actually observed in clinical practice.
The data in Table 1 reflect the exposure of 304 patients with type 1 diabetes to TOUJEO with mean exposure duration of 23 weeks. The type 1 diabetes population had the following characteristics: Mean age was 46 years and mean duration of diabetes was 21 years. Fifty-five percent were male, 86% were Caucasian, 5% were Black or African American, and 5% were Hispanic. At baseline, the mean eGFR was 82 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 35% of patients had eGFR ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2. The mean BMI was 28 kg/m2. HbA1c at baseline was greater or equal to 8% in 58% of patients.
The data in Table 2 reflect the exposure of 1242 patients with type 2 diabetes to TOUJEO with mean exposure duration of 25 weeks. The type 2 diabetes population had the following characteristics: Mean age was 59 years and mean duration of diabetes was 13 years. Fifty-three percent were male, 88% were Caucasian, 7% were Black or African American, and 17% were Hispanic. At baseline, mean eGFR was 79 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 27% of patients had an eGFR ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2. The mean BMI was 35 kg/m2. HbA1c at baseline was greater or equal to 8% in 66% of patients.
TOUJEO was studied in 233 pediatric patients (6–17 years of age) with type 1 diabetes for a mean duration of 26 weeks [See Clinical Studies (14.1)].
Common adverse reactions (occurring ≥5%) in TOUJEO-treated subjects during clinical trials in adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus are listed in Table 1 and Table 2, respectively. Common adverse reactions for TOUJEO-treated pediatric subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus were similar to the adverse reactions listed in Table 1. Hypoglycemia is discussed in a dedicated subsection below.
TOUJEO + Mealtime Insulin*, % (n=304) |
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Nasopharyngitis | 12.8 |
Upper respiratory tract infection | 9.5 |
TOUJEO*, % (n=1242) |
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Nasopharyngitis | 7.1 |
Upper respiratory tract infection | 5.7 |
Hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia is the most commonly observed adverse reaction in patients using insulin, including TOUJEO [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]. The rates of reported hypoglycemia depend on the definition of hypoglycemia used, diabetes type, insulin dose, intensity of glucose control, background therapies, and other intrinsic and extrinsic patient factors. For these reasons, comparing rates of hypoglycemia in clinical trials for TOUJEO with the incidence of hypoglycemia for other products may be misleading and also may not be representative of hypoglycemia rates that will occur in clinical practice.
In the TOUJEO adult program, severe hypoglycemia was defined as an event requiring assistance of another person to administer a resuscitative action. In the pediatric program, severe hypoglycemia was defined as an event with semiconsciousness, unconsciousness, coma and/or convulsions in a patient who had altered mental status and could not assist in his own care, and who may have required glucagon or intravenous glucose.
The incidence of severe hypoglycemia in adult patients with type 1 diabetes receiving TOUJEO as part of a multiple daily injection regimen was 6.6% at 26 weeks. The incidence of hypoglycemia with a glucose level less than 54 mg/dL with or without symptoms was 77.7% at 26 weeks.
The incidence of severe hypoglycemia in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes receiving TOUJEO as part of a multiple daily injection regimen was 6% at 26 weeks and the incidence of hypoglycemia accompanied by a self-monitored or plasma glucose value less than 54 mg/dL regardless of symptoms was 80.3%.
The incidence of severe hypoglycemia in adult patients with type 2 diabetes was 5% at 26 weeks in patients receiving TOUJEO as part of a multiple daily injection regimen, and 1.0% and 0.9% respectively at 26 weeks in the two studies where patients received TOUJEO as part of a basal-insulin only regimen. The incidence of hypoglycemia accompanied by a self-monitored or plasma glucose value less than 54 mg/dL regardless of symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving TOUJEO ranged from 9% to 44.6% at 26 weeks and the highest risk was again seen in patients receiving TOUJEO as part of a multiple daily injection regimen.
Insulin Initiation and Intensification of Glucose Control
Intensification or rapid improvement in glucose control has been associated with a transitory, reversible ophthalmologic refraction disorder, worsening of diabetic retinopathy, and acute painful peripheral neuropathy. However, long-term glycemic control decreases the risk of diabetic retinopathy and neuropathy.
Peripheral Edema
Insulin, including TOUJEO, may cause sodium retention and edema, particularly if previously poor metabolic control is improved by intensified insulin therapy.
Lipodystrophy
Long-term use of insulin, including TOUJEO, can cause lipoatrophy (depression in the skin) or lipohypertrophy (enlargement or thickening of tissue) in some patients and may affect insulin absorption [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)].
Weight Gain
Weight gain has occurred with some insulin therapies including TOUJEO and has been attributed to the anabolic effects of insulin and the decrease in glucosuria.
Allergic Reactions
Some patients taking insulin therapy, including TOUJEO have experienced erythema, local edema, and pruritus at the site of injection. These conditions were usually self-limiting.
Severe cases of generalized allergy (anaphylaxis) have been reported [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)].
Cardiovascular Safety
No clinical studies to establish the cardiovascular safety of TOUJEO have been conducted. A cardiovascular outcomes trial, ORIGIN, has been conducted with LANTUS. It is unknown whether the results of ORIGIN can be applied to TOUJEO.
The Outcome Reduction with Initial Glargine Intervention trial (i.e., ORIGIN) was an open-label, randomized, 12,537 patient study that compared LANTUS to standard care on the time to first occurrence of a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE). MACE was defined as the composite of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction and nonfatal stroke. The incidence of MACE was similar between LANTUS and standard care in ORIGIN (Hazard Ratio [95% CI] for MACE; 1.02 [0.94, 1.11]).
In the ORIGIN trial, the overall incidence of cancer (all types combined) (Hazard Ratio [95% CI]; 0.99 [0.88, 1.11]) or death from cancer (Hazard Ratio [95% CI]; 0.94 [0.77, 1.15]) was also similar between treatment groups.
As with all therapeutic proteins, there is potential for immunogenicity.
In a 6-month study of type 1 diabetes patients, 79% of patients who received TOUJEO once daily were positive for anti-insulin antibodies (AIA) at least once during the study, including 62% that were positive at baseline and 44% of patients who developed antidrug antibody (i.e., anti-insulin glargine antibody [ADA]) during the study. Eighty percent of the AIA-positive patients on TOUJEO with antibody test at baseline remained AIA positive at month 6.
In two 6-month studies in type 2 diabetes patients, 25% of patients who received TOUJEO once daily were positive for AIA at least once during the study, including 42% who were positive at baseline and 20% of patients who developed ADA during the study. Ninety percent of the AIA-positive patients on TOUJEO with antibody test at baseline, remained AIA positive at month 6.
The detection of antibody formation is highly dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the assay and may be influenced by several factors such as: assay methodology, sample handling, timing of sample collection, concomitant medication, and underlying disease. For these reasons, comparison of the incidence of antibodies to TOUJEO with the incidence of antibodies in other studies or to other products may be misleading.
The following additional adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of TOUJEO. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
Localized cutaneous amyloidosis at the injection site has occurred. Hyperglycemia has been reported with repeated insulin injections into areas of localized cutaneous amyloidosis; hypoglycemia has been reported with a sudden change to an unaffected injection site.
Table 3 includes clinically significant drug interactions with TOUJEO.
Drugs That May Increase the Risk of Hypoglycemia | |
Drugs: | Antidiabetic agents, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blocking agents, disopyramide, fibrates, fluoxetine, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, pentoxifylline, pramlintide, salicylates, somatostatin analogs (e.g., octreotide), and sulfonamide antibiotics, GLP-1 receptor agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors, and SGLT-2 inhibitors. |
Intervention: | Dose reductions and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required when TOUJEO is coadministered with these drugs. |
Drugs That May Decrease the Blood Glucose Lowering Effect of TOUJEO | |
Drugs: | Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., olanzapine and clozapine), corticosteroids, danazol, diuretics, estrogens, glucagon, isoniazid, niacin, oral contraceptives, phenothiazines, progestogens (e.g., in oral contraceptives), protease inhibitors, somatropin, sympathomimetic agents (e.g., albuterol, epinephrine, terbutaline), and thyroid hormones. |
Intervention: | Dose increases and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required when TOUJEO is coadministered with these drugs. |
Drugs That May Increase or Decrease the Blood Glucose Lowering Effect of TOUJEO | |
Drugs: | Alcohol, beta-blockers, clonidine, and lithium salts. Pentamidine may cause hypoglycemia, which may sometimes be followed by hyperglycemia. |
Intervention: | Dose adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required when TOUJEO is coadministered with these drugs. |
Drugs That May Blunt Signs and Symptoms of Hypoglycemia | |
Drugs: | Beta-blockers, clonidine, guanethidine, and reserpine. |
Intervention: | Increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required when TOUJEO is coadministered with these drugs. |
Risk Summary
Published studies with use of insulin glargine during pregnancy have not reported a clear association with insulin glargine and adverse developmental outcomes [see Data]. There are risks to the mother and fetus associated with poorly controlled diabetes in pregnancy [see Clinical Considerations].
Rats and rabbits were exposed to insulin glargine in animal reproduction studies during organogenesis, respectively 50 times and 10 times the human subcutaneous dose of 0.2 unit/kg/day. Overall, the effects of insulin glargine did not generally differ from those observed with regular human insulin [see Data].
The estimated background risk of major birth defects is 6% to 10% in women with pregestational diabetes with an HbA1c >7 and has been reported to be as high as 20% to 25% in women with a HbA1c >10. The estimated background risk of miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.
Clinical Considerations
Disease-associated maternal and/or embryo/fetal risk
Poorly controlled diabetes in pregnancy increases the maternal risk for diabetic ketoacidosis, preeclampsia, spontaneous abortions, preterm delivery, and delivery complications. Poorly controlled diabetes increases the fetal risk for major birth defects, stillbirth, and macrosomia-related morbidity.
Data
Human data
Published data do not report a clear association with insulin glargine and major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes when insulin glargine is used during pregnancy. However, these studies cannot definitely establish the absence of any risk because of methodological limitations including small sample size and some lacking comparator groups.
Animal data
Subcutaneous reproduction and teratology studies have been performed with insulin glargine and regular human insulin in rats and Himalayan rabbits. Insulin glargine was given to female rats before mating, during mating, and throughout pregnancy at doses up to 0.36 mg/kg/day, which is approximately 50 times the recommended human subcutaneous starting dose of 0.2 Units/kg/day (0.007 mg/kg/day). In rabbits, doses of 0.072 mg/kg/day, which is approximately 10 times the recommended human subcutaneous starting dose of 0.2 Units/kg/day (0.007 mg/kg/day), were administered during organogenesis. The effects of insulin glargine did not generally differ from those observed with regular human insulin in rats or rabbits. However, in rabbits, five fetuses from two litters of the high-dose group exhibited dilation of the cerebral ventricles. Fertility and early embryonic development appeared normal.
Risk Summary
There are either no or only limited data on the presence of insulin glargine in human milk, the effects on breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. Endogenous insulin is present in human milk. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for TOUJEO, and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from TOUJEO or from the underlying maternal condition.
The safety and effectiveness of TOUJEO to improve glycemic control in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus have been established in pediatric patients 6 years of age and older.
The use of TOUJEO for this indication is supported by evidence from an adequate and well-controlled study in 463 pediatric patients 6 to 17 years of age with type 1 diabetes mellitus [see Clinical Studies (14.2)] and from studies in adults with diabetes mellitus [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3), Clinical Studies (14.3)].
The safety and effectiveness of TOUJEO have not been established in pediatric patients less than 6 years of age.
In controlled clinical studies, 30 of 304 (9.8%) TOUJEO-treated patients with type 1 diabetes and 327 of 1242 (26.3%) TOUJEO-treated patients with type 2 diabetes were ≥65 years of age, among them 2.0% of the patients with type 1 and 3.0% of the patients with type 2 diabetes were ≥75 years of age. No overall differences in effectiveness and safety were observed in the subgroup analyses across the age groups.
Nevertheless, caution should be exercised when TOUJEO is administered to geriatric patients. In elderly patients with diabetes, the initial dosing, dose increments, and maintenance dosage should be conservative to avoid hypoglycemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3), Adverse Reactions (6), and Clinical Studies (14)].
The effect of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of TOUJEO has not been studied. Frequent glucose monitoring and dose adjustment may be necessary for TOUJEO in patients with hepatic impairment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
The effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of TOUJEO has not been studied. Some studies with human insulin have shown increased circulating levels of insulin in patients with renal failure. Frequent glucose monitoring and dose adjustment may be necessary for TOUJEO in patients with renal impairment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
Excess insulin administration may cause hypoglycemia and hypokalemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3, 5.6)]. Mild episodes of hypoglycemia can be treated with oral glucose. Adjustments in drug dosage, meal patterns, or physical activity level may be needed. More severe episodes of hypoglycemia with coma, seizure, or neurologic impairment may be treated with intramuscular/subcutaneous glucagon or concentrated intravenous glucose. Sustained carbohydrate intake and observation may be necessary because hypoglycemia may recur after apparent clinical recovery. Hypokalemia must be corrected appropriately.
TOUJEO (insulin glargine injection) is a long-acting insulin supplied as a sterile solution for subcutaneous injection containing 300 units/mL of insulin glargine.
Insulin glargine is a human insulin analog produced by recombinant DNA technology utilizing a nonpathogenic laboratory strain of Escherichia coli (K12) as the production organism. Insulin glargine differs from human insulin in that the amino acid asparagine at position A21 is replaced by glycine and two arginines remain at the C-terminus of the B-chain. Chemically, insulin glargine is 21A-Gly-31B-32B-Di-Arg-human insulin and has the empirical formula C267H404N72O78S6 and a molecular weight of 6063. Insulin glargine has the following structural formula:
Each milliliter of TOUJEO contains 300 units (10.91 mg) insulin glargine dissolved in a clear aqueous fluid.
The 1.5 mL TOUJEO SoloStar prefilled pen presentation contains the following inactive ingredients per mL: 90 mcg zinc, 2.7 mg m-cresol, 20 mg glycerol 85%, and water for injection.
The 3 mL TOUJEO Max SoloStar prefilled pen presentation contains the following inactive ingredients per mL: 90 mcg zinc, 2.7 mg m-cresol, 20 mg glycerol 85%, and water for injection.
The pH is adjusted by addition of aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. TOUJEO has a pH of approximately 4. At pH 4, insulin glargine is completely soluble. After injection into the subcutaneous tissue, the acidic solution is neutralized, leading to formation of a precipitate from which small amounts of insulin glargine are slowly released.
The primary activity of insulin, including insulin glargine, is regulation of glucose metabolism. Insulin and its analogs lower blood glucose by stimulating peripheral glucose uptake, especially by skeletal muscle and fat, and by inhibiting hepatic glucose production. Insulin inhibits lipolysis and proteolysis, and enhances protein synthesis.
Onset of Action
The pharmacodynamic profiles for TOUJEO given subcutaneously as a single dose of 0.4, 0.6, or 0.9 U/kg in a euglycemic clamp study in patients with type 1 diabetes showed that on average, the onset of action develops over 6 hours post dose for all three single doses of TOUJEO.
Single-Dose Pharmacodynamics
The pharmacodynamics for single 0.4, 0.6, and 0.9 U/kg doses of TOUJEO in 24 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus was evaluated in a euglycemic clamp study. On a unit-to-unit basis, TOUJEO had a lower maximum (GIRmax) and 24-hour glucose lowering effect (GIR-AUC0–24) compared to LANTUS. The overall glucose lowering effect of TOUJEO 0.4 U/kg was 12% of the glucose lowering effect of an equivalent dose of LANTUS. Glucose lowering at least 30% of the effect of a single 0.4 U/kg dose of LANTUS was not observed until the single dose of TOUJEO exceeded 0.6 U/kg.
Multiple Once-Daily Dose Pharmacodynamics
The pharmacodynamics of TOUJEO after 8 days of daily injection was evaluated in 30 patients with type 1 diabetes. At steady state, the 24-hour glucose lowering effect (GIR-AUC0–24) of TOUJEO 0.4 U/kg was approximately 27% lower with a different distribution profile than that of an equivalent dose of LANTUS [see Dosage and Administration (2), Warnings and Precautions (5.2), and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. The glucose lowering effect of a TOUJEO dose increased with each daily administration.
The pharmacodynamic profile for TOUJEO given subcutaneously as multiple once-daily subcutaneous injections of 0.4 U/kg in a euglycemic clamp study in patients with type 1 diabetes is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1: Glucose Infusion Rate in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes in Multiple-Dose Administration of TOUJEO
Glucose infusion rate: determined as amount of glucose infused to maintain constant plasma glucose levels.
Absorption and Bioavailability
The pharmacokinetic profiles for single 0.4, 0.6, and 0.9 U/kg doses of TOUJEO in 24 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus was evaluated in a euglycemic clamp study. The median time to maximum serum insulin concentration was 12 (8–14), 12 (12–18), and 16 (12–20) hours, respectively. Mean serum insulin concentrations declined to the lower limit of quantitation of 5.02 µU/mL by 16, 28, and beyond 36 hours, respectively.
Steady-state insulin concentrations are reached by at least 5 days of once-daily subcutaneous administration of 0.4 U/kg to 0.6 U/kg doses of TOUJEO over 8 days in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
After subcutaneous injection of TOUJEO, the intra-subject variability, defined as the coefficient of variation for the insulin exposure during 24 hours, was 21.0% at steady state.
Elimination
After subcutaneous injection of TOUJEO in diabetic patients, insulin glargine is metabolized at the carboxyl terminus of the B-chain with formation of two active metabolites M1 (21A-Gly-insulin) and M2 (21A-Gly-des-30B-Thr-insulin). The in vitro activity of M1 and M2 were similar to that of human insulin.
Specific Populations
Pediatrics
Population pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted for TOUJEO based on concentration data of its main metabolite M1 using data from 75 pediatric patients (6 to <18 years of age) with type 1 diabetes. The findings with regard to the effect of body weight on systemic exposure of M1 are generally consistent with findings in adults.
In mice and rats, standard two-year carcinogenicity studies with insulin glargine were performed at doses up to 0.455 mg/kg, which was for the rat approximately 65 times the recommended human subcutaneous starting dose of 0.2 Units/kg/day (0.007 mg/kg/day). The findings in female mice were not conclusive due to excessive mortality in all dose groups during the study. Histiocytomas were found at injection sites in male rats (statistically significant) and male mice (not statistically significant) in acid vehicle containing groups. These tumors were not found in female animals, in saline control, or insulin comparator groups using a different vehicle. The relevance of these findings to humans is unknown.
Insulin glargine was not mutagenic in tests for detection of gene mutations in bacteria and mammalian cells (Ames and HGPRT test) and in tests for detection of chromosomal aberrations (cytogenetics in vitro in V79 cells and in vivo in Chinese hamsters).
In a combined fertility and prenatal and postnatal study in male and female rats at subcutaneous doses up to 0.36 mg/kg/day, which was approximately 50 times the recommended human subcutaneous starting dose of 0.2 Units/kg/day (0.007 mg/kg/day), maternal toxicity due to dose-dependent hypoglycemia, including some deaths, was observed. Consequently, a reduction of the rearing rate occurred in the high-dose group only. Similar effects were observed with NPH insulin.
The safety and effectiveness of TOUJEO given once daily was compared to that of once-daily LANTUS in 26-week, open-label, randomized, active-control, parallel studies of 546 adult patients and 463 pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 2,474 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (Tables 4 and 5). At trial end, the reduction in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose with TOUJEO titrated to goal was similar to that with LANTUS titrated to goal. At the end of the trial, depending on the patient population and concomitant therapy, patients were receiving a higher dose of TOUJEO than LANTUS.
Type 1 Diabetes – Adult
In an open-label, controlled study (Study A), patients with type 1 diabetes (n=546), were randomized to basal-bolus treatment with TOUJEO or LANTUS and treated for 26 weeks. TOUJEO and LANTUS were administered once daily in the morning (time period covering from pre-breakfast until pre-lunch) or in the evening (time period defined as prior to the evening meal until at bedtime). A mealtime insulin analogue was administered before each meal. Mean age was 47.3 years and mean duration of diabetes was 21 years. Fifty-seven percent were male, 85.1% were Caucasian, 4.7% Black or African American, and 4.7% were Hispanic; 32.2% of patients had GFR >90 mL/min/1.73 m2. The mean BMI was approximately 27.6 kg/m2. At week 26, treatment with TOUJEO provided a mean reduction in HbA1c that met the prespecified noninferiority margin of 0.4% (Table 4). Patients treated with TOUJEO used 17.5% more basal insulin than patients treated with LANTUS. There were no clinically important differences in glycemic control when TOUJEO was administered once daily in the morning or in the evening. There were no clinically important differences in body weight between treatment groups.
TOUJEO + Mealtime Insulin* | LANTUS + Mealtime Insulin* | |
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Treatment duration | 26 weeks | |
Treatment in combination with | Fast-acting insulin analogue | |
Number of subjects treated (mITT†) | 273 | 273 |
HbA1c (%) | ||
Baseline mean | 8.13 | 8.12 |
Adjusted mean change from baseline | -0.40 | -0.44 |
Adjusted mean difference‡
[95% Confidence Interval] | 0.04 [-0.10 to 0.18] |
|
Fasting Plasma Glucose mg/dL | ||
Baseline mean | 186 | 199 |
Adjusted mean change from baseline | -17 | -20 |
Adjusted mean difference‡
[95% Confidence Interval] | 3 [-10 to 16] |
Type 1 Diabetes – Pediatric
The efficacy of TOUJEO was evaluated in a 26-week, randomized, open-label, multicenter trial (Study B) in 463 pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Patients were randomized to basal-bolus treatment with TOUJEO or LANTUS and treated for 26 weeks. TOUJEO and LANTUS were administered once daily in the morning or in the evening. A mealtime insulin analogue was administered before each meal.
The mean age of the trial population was 12.9 years; 30.9% were <12 years of age, 69.1% were ages ≥12 years of age. The mean duration of diabetes was 5.7 years. Of the 463 pediatric patients, 51.2% were male, 92.1% were White, 3.1% were Black or African American, and 30.2% were Hispanic. The mean baseline BMI percentile was 68.32.
At week 26, the difference in HbA1c reduction from baseline between TOUJEO and LANTUS was 0.02% with a 95% confidence interval (-0.16%; 0.20%) and met the prespecified noninferiority margin (0.3%). The results are presented in Table 5.
TOUJEO + Mealtime Insulin* | LANTUS + Mealtime Insulin* |
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Number of subjects (ITT†) | 233 | 230 |
HbA1c (%)‡ | ||
Baseline mean | 8.65 | 8.61 |
Adjusted Mean change from baseline | -0.386 | -0.404 |
Adjusted Mean difference§
[95% Confidence Interval] | 0.018 [-0.159, 0.195] |
|
Fasting Plasma Glucose (mg/dL)‡ | ||
Baseline mean | 202.70 | 204.51 |
Adjusted Mean change from baseline | -10.447 | -10.633 |
Adjusted Mean difference§
[95% Confidence Interval] | 0.185 [-18.131, 18.501] |
In a 26-week open-label, controlled study (study C, n=804), adults with type 2 diabetes were randomized to once-daily treatment in the evening with either TOUJEO or LANTUS. Short-acting mealtime insulin analogues with or without metformin were also administered. The average age was 60 years. The majority of patients were White (92.3%) and 52.9% were male; 20.3% of patients had GFR >90 mL/min/1.73 m2. The mean BMI was approximately 36.6 kg/m2. At week 26, treatment with TOUJEO provided a mean reduction in HbA1c that met the prespecified noninferiority margin of 0.4% compared to LANTUS (Table 6). Patients treated with TOUJEO used 11% more basal insulin than patients treated with LANTUS. There were no clinically important differences in body weight between treatment groups.
In two open-label, controlled studies (n=1670), adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomized to either TOUJEO or LANTUS once daily for 26 weeks as part of a regimen of combination therapy with noninsulin antidiabetic drugs. At the time of randomization, 808 patients were treated with basal insulin for more than 6 months (study D) and 862 patients were insulin-naive (study E).
In Study D, the average age was 58.2 years. The majority of patients were White (93.8%) and 45.9% were male; 32.8% of patients had GFR >90 mL/min/1.73 m2. The mean BMI was approximately 34.8 kg/m2. At week 26, treatment with TOUJEO provided a mean reduction in HbA1c that met the prespecified noninferiority margin of 0.4% compared to LANTUS (Table 6). Patients treated with TOUJEO used 12% more basal insulin than patients treated with LANTUS. There were no clinically important differences in body weight between treatment groups.
In Study E, the average age was 57.7 years. The majority of patients were White (78%) and 57.7% were male; 29% of patients had GFR >90 mL/min/1.73 m2. The mean BMI was approximately 33 kg/m2. At week 26, treatment with TOUJEO provided a mean reduction in HbA1c that met the prespecified noninferiority margin compared to LANTUS (Table 6). Patients treated with TOUJEO used 15% more basal insulin than patients treated with LANTUS. There were no clinically important differences in body weight between treatment groups.
Study C | Study D | Study E | ||||
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Treatment duration | 26 weeks | 26 weeks | 26 weeks | |||
Treatment in combination with | Mealtime insulin analog ± metformin | Noninsulin antidiabetic drugs | ||||
TOUJEO | LANTUS | TOUJEO | LANTUS | TOUJEO | LANTUS | |
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Number of patients treated* | 404 | 400 | 403 | 405 | 432 | 430 |
HbA1c (%) | ||||||
Baseline mean | 8.13 | 8.14 | 8.27 | 8.22 | 8.49 | 8.58 |
Adjusted mean change from baseline | -0.90 | -0.87 | -0.73 | -0.70 | -1.42 | -1.46 |
Adjusted mean difference† | -0.03 | -0.03 | 0.04 | |||
[95% Confidence interval] | [-0.14 to 0.08] | [-0.17 to 0.10] | [-0.09 to 0.17] | |||
Fasting Plasma Glucose (mg/dL) | ||||||
Baseline mean | 157 | 160 | 149 | 142 | 179 | 184 |
Adjusted mean change from baseline | -29 | -30 | -18 | -22 | -61 | -68 |
Adjusted mean difference† | 0.8 | 3 | 7 | |||
[95% Confidence interval] | [-5 to 7] | [-3 to 9] | [2 to 12] |
TOUJEO is supplied as a clear and colorless solution containing 300 units per mL (U-300) of insulin glargine and is available in 2 single-patient-use prefilled pen presentations:
TOUJEO | Total volume | Concentration | Total units available in presentation | Max dose per injection | Dose increment | NDC number | Package size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SoloStar single-patient-use prefilled pen | 1.5 mL | 300 units/mL | 450 units | 80 units | 1 unit | 0024-5869-03 | 3 pens/pack |
Max SoloStar single-patient-use prefilled pen | 3 mL | 300 units/mL | 900 units | 160 units | 2 units | 0024-5871-02 | 2 pens/pack |
Needles are not included in the packs of TOUJEO SoloStar or TOUJEO Max SoloStar single-patient-use prefilled pen.
BD (such as BD Ultra-Fine®), Ypsomed (such as Clickfine®) or Owen Mumford (such as Unifine® Pentips®) needles‡ can be used in conjunction with TOUJEO SoloStar or TOUJEO Max SoloStar single-patient-use prefilled pen and are sold separately.
A new sterile needle must be attached before each injection. TOUJEO SoloStar or TOUJEO Max SoloStar single-patient-use prefilled pens must never be shared between patients, even if the needle is changed.
Dispense in the original sealed carton with the enclosed Instructions for Use.
TOUJEO SoloStar or TOUJEO Max SoloStar prefilled pen should not be stored in the freezer and should not be allowed to freeze. Discard TOUJEO prefilled pen if it has been frozen. Protect TOUJEO SoloStar/TOUJEO Max SoloStar from direct heat and light.
Storage conditions are summarized in the following table:
Not in-use (unopened) Refrigerated 36°F–46°F (2°C–8°C) | In-use (opened)*
Room temperature only (Do not refrigerate) below 86°F (30°C) |
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1.5 mL TOUJEO SoloStar single-patient-use prefilled pen | Until expiration date | 56 days* |
3 mL TOUJEO Max SoloStar single-patient-use prefilled pen | Until expiration date | 56 days* |
Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Patient Information and Instructions for Use).
Never Share a TOUJEO SoloStar or TOUJEO Max SoloStar Pen Between Patients
Advise patients that they must never share TOUJEO SoloStar or TOUJEO Max SoloStar pen with another person even if the needle is changed. Pen sharing poses a risk for transmission of blood-borne pathogens [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
Hyperglycemia or Hypoglycemia
Inform patients that hypoglycemia is the most common adverse reaction with insulin. Inform patients of the symptoms of hypoglycemia. Inform patients that the ability to concentrate and react may be impaired as a result of hypoglycemia. This may present a risk in situations where these abilities are especially important, such as driving or operating other machinery. Advise patients who have frequent hypoglycemia or reduced or absent warning signs of hypoglycemia to use caution when driving or operating machinery [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2, 5.3)].
Advise patients that changes in insulin regimen can predispose to hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia and that changes in insulin regimen should be made under close medical supervision [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
Inform patients that if they change to TOUJEO from other basal insulins they may experience higher average fasting plasma glucose levels in the first weeks of therapy. Advise patients to monitor glucose daily when initiating TOUJEO [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
Medication Errors
Instruct patients to always check the insulin label before each injection [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]. The "300 units/mL (U-300)" is highlighted in honey gold on the labels of TOUJEO and TOUJEO Max SoloStar single-patient-use prefilled pens.
Inform patients that TOUJEO (insulin glargine injection) 300 units/mL contains 3 times as much insulin in 1 mL as standard insulin (100 units/mL). To avoid dosing errors and potential overdose, instruct patients to never use a syringe to remove TOUJEO from the TOUJEO SoloStar or TOUJEO Max SoloStar single-patient-use prefilled pen [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].
Inform patients that the dose counter of TOUJEO SoloStar or TOUJEO Max SoloStar single-patient-use prefilled pen shows the number of units of TOUJEO to be injected and no dose recalculation is required [see Dosage and Administration (2.1, 2.4)].
Administration
TOUJEO must only be used if the solution is clear and colorless with no particles visible. Patients must be advised that TOUJEO must NOT be diluted or mixed with any other insulin or solution [see Dosage and Administration (2.4)].
sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC
Bridgewater, NJ 08807
A SANOFI COMPANY
©2019 sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC
LANTUS, TOUJEO, SoloStar, and TOUJEO Max SoloStar are registered trademarks of sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC.
‡The brands listed are the registered trademarks of their respective owners and are not trademarks of sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC.
This Patient Information has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. | Revised: November 2019 |
Patient Information |
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Do not share your TOUJEO SoloStar® or TOUJEO Max SoloStar® pen with other people, even if the needle has been changed. You may give other people a serious infection, or get a serious infection from them. |
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What is TOUJEO?
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Who should not use TOUJEO? Do not use TOUJEO if you:
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What should I tell my healthcare provider before using TOUJEO? Before using TOUJEO, tell your healthcare provider about all your medical conditions, including if you:
Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Before you start using TOUJEO, talk to your healthcare provider about low blood sugar and how to manage it. |
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How should I use TOUJEO?
Keep TOUJEO and all medicines out of the reach of children. |
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Your dose of TOUJEO may need to change because of:
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What should I avoid while using TOUJEO? While using TOUJEO do not:
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What are the possible side effects of TOUJEO? TOUJEO may cause serious side effects that can lead to death, including:
Treatment with TZDs and TOUJEO may need to be changed or stopped by your healthcare provider if you have new or worse heart failure. Get emergency medical help if you have:
The most common side effects of TOUJEO include:
These are not all the possible side effects of TOUJEO. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. |
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General information about the safe and effective use of TOUJEO. Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Patient Information leaflet. Do not use TOUJEO for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give TOUJEO to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that you have. It may harm them. This Patient Information leaflet summarizes the most important information about TOUJEO. If you would like more information, talk with your healthcare provider. You can ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for information about TOUJEO that is written for health professionals. |
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What are the ingredients in TOUJEO?
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sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC, Bridgewater, NJ 08807, A SANOFI COMPANY |
Instructions for Use
TOUJEO® SoloStar® (Too-Jay-o)
(insulin glargine injection)
1.5 mL single-patient-use prefilled pen
Read this first
Do not share your TOUJEO SoloStar pen with other people, even if the needle has been changed. You may give other people a serious infection, or get a serious infection from them.
TOUJEO contains 300 units/mL insulin glargine
People who are blind or have vision problems should not use the TOUJEO SoloStar pen without help from a person trained to use the TOUJEO SoloStar pen.
Important information
Learn to inject
Need help?
If you have any questions about your pen or about diabetes, ask your healthcare provider, go to www.Toujeo.com or call sanofi-aventis at 1-800-633-1610.
Extra items you will need:
Get to know your pen
Step 1: Check your pen
Take a new pen out of the refrigerator at least 1 hour before you inject. Cold insulin is more painful to inject.
If you have other injector pens
Handling needles
Always do a safety test before each injection to:
If the pen is new, you must perform safety tests before you use the pen for the first time until you see insulin coming out of the needle tip. If you see insulin coming out of the needle tip, the pen is ready to use. If you do not see insulin coming out before taking your dose, you could get an underdose or no insulin at all. This could cause high blood sugar.
If no insulin appears:
If you see air bubbles
Step 4: Select the dose
How to read the dose window
The dose selector dials by 1 unit.
Even numbers are shown in line with the dose pointer:
30 units selected
Odd numbers are shown as a line between even numbers:
29 units selected
Units of insulin in your pen
Step 5: Inject your dose
If you find it hard to press the injection button in, do not force it as this may break your pen. See the section below for help.
If you find it hard to press the button in:
Use by
How to store your pen
Before first use
After first use
How to care for your pen
Handle your pen with care
Protect your pen from dust and dirt
This Instructions for Use has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Revised: November 2019
sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC
Bridgewater, NJ 08807
A SANOFI COMPANY
©2019 sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC
* The brands listed are the registered trademarks of their respective owners and are not trademarks of sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC.
TOUJEO® Max SoloStar® (Too-Jay-o)
(insulin glargine injection)
3 mL single-patient-use prefilled pen
Read this first
Do not share your TOUJEO Max SoloStar pen with other people, even if the needle has been changed. You may give other people a serious infection, or get a serious infection from them.
TOUJEO contains 300 units/mL insulin glargine
People who are blind or have vision problems should not use the TOUJEO Max SoloStar pen without help from a person trained to use the TOUJEO Max SoloStar pen.
Important information
Learn to inject
Need help?
If you have any questions about your pen or about diabetes, ask your healthcare provider, go to www.Toujeo.com or call sanofi-aventis at 1-800-633-1610.
Extra items you will need:
Get to know your pen
Step 1: Check your pen
Take a new pen out of the refrigerator at least 1 hour before you inject. Cold insulin is more painful to inject.
If you have other injector pens
Handling needles
Always do a safety test before each injection to:
If the pen is new, you must perform safety tests before you use the pen for the first time until you see insulin coming out of the needle tip. If you see insulin coming out of the needle tip, the pen is ready to use. If you do not see insulin coming out before taking your dose, you could get an underdose or no insulin at all. This could cause high blood sugar.
If you see air bubbles
Step 4: Select the dose
How to read the dose window
The dose selector dials by 2 units.
Each line in the dose window is an even number.
60 units selected
58 units selected
Units of insulin in your pen
Step 5: Inject your dose
If you find it hard to press the injection button in, do not force it as this may break your pen. See the section below for help.
If you find it hard to press the injection button in:
Use by
How to store your pen
Before first use
After first use
How to care for your pen
Handle your pen with care
Protect your pen from dust and dirt
This Instructions for Use has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Revised: November 2019
sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC
Bridgewater, NJ 08807
A SANOFI COMPANY
©2019 sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC
* The brands listed are the registered trademarks of their respective owners and are not trademarks of sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC.
NDC: 0024-5869-03
Rx ONLY
Toujeo® SoloStar®
insulin glargine injection
For Single Patient Use Only
300 Units/mL (U-300)
Solution for injection in a disposable insulin delivery device
Do not remove insulin with syringe
Always use a new needle
Do not mix with other insulins
For subcutaneous Injection only
Use only if solution is clear and colorless with no particles visible
Use within 56 days after opening
*Needles not included (see back panel)
Three prefilled pens, 450 units/1.5mL each – Dispense in this sealed carton
SANOFI
NDC: 0024-5871-02
Rx ONLY
Toujeo® Max SoloStar®
insulin glargine injection
For Single Patient Use Only
300 Units/mL (U-300)
Adjusts by 2 units
For subcutaneous injection only
Solution for injection in a disposable insulin delivery device
Do not remove insulin with syringe
Always use a new needle
Do not mix with other insulins
Use only if solution is clear and colorless with no particles visible
Use within 56 days after opening
*Needles not included (see back panel)
Two prefilled pens, 900 units/3mL each – Dispense in this sealed carton
SANOFI
TOUJEO
insulin glargine injection, solution |
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TOUJEO MAX
insulin glargine injection, solution |
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Labeler - Sanofi-Aventis U.S. LLC (824676584) |
Establishment | |||
Name | Address | ID/FEI | Business Operations |
---|---|---|---|
Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH | 313218430 | MANUFACTURE(0024-5869, 0024-5871) , ANALYSIS(0024-5869, 0024-5871) , LABEL(0024-5869, 0024-5871) , PACK(0024-5869, 0024-5871) |
Establishment | |||
Name | Address | ID/FEI | Business Operations |
---|---|---|---|
Genzyme Corporation | 050424395 | LABEL(0024-5871) , PACK(0024-5871) |