NephroScan by is a Prescription medication manufactured, distributed, or labeled by Theragnostics Inc, ROTOP Pharmaka GmbH. Drug facts, warnings, and ingredients follow.
NEPHROSCAN, after radiolabeling with technetium Tc 99m, is a radioactive diagnostic agent indicated for use as an aid in the scintigraphic evaluation of renal parenchymal disorders in adults and pediatric patients including term neonates. (1)
For Injection: NEPHROSCAN contains 1 mg succimer as a white-yellowish to off-white lyophilized powder in a single dose vial. Upon radiolabeling with technetium Tc 99m, it provides a clear, colorless solution containing up to 1,480 MBq (40 mCi) technetium Tc 99m succimer in approximately 5 mL volume at calibration time. (3)
None (4)
The following adverse reactions have been reported: urticaria, rash, pruritus, erythema, syncope, fever, and nausea. (6)
To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Theragnostics, Inc., at 1-888-286-3848 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
Lactation: Temporarily discontinue breastfeeding. A lactating woman should pump and discard breastmilk for at least 24 hours after Technetium Tc 99m Succimer Injection administration. (8.2)
See 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION.
Revised: 9/2024
After radiolabeling, handle Technetium Tc 99m Succimer Injection with appropriate safety measures to minimize radiation exposure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. Use waterproof gloves, effective radiation shielding, and other appropriate safety measures when preparing and handling Technetium Tc 99m Succimer Injection.
Radiopharmaceuticals should be used by or under the control of physicians who are qualified by specific training and experience in the safe use and handling of radionuclides, and whose experience and training have been approved by the appropriate governmental agency authorized to license the use of radionuclides.
Instruct patients to drink a sufficient amount of water to ensure adequate hydration prior to administration of Technetium Tc 99m Succimer Injection and to continue to drink and void frequently following administration to reduce radiation exposure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
Adults
The recommended amount of radioactivity of Technetium Tc 99m Succimer Injection for renal parenchymal imaging in adults is 74 MBq to 222 MBq (2 mCi to 6 mCi) by intravenous injection (bolus).
Pediatric Patients
The recommended amount of radioactivity of Technetium Tc 99m Succimer Injection for renal parenchymal imaging in pediatric patients is 1.85 MBq/kg (0.05 mCi/kg) of body weight with a range of 19 MBq to 74 MBq (0.5 mCi to 2 mCi) by intravenous injection (bolus). Weight based pediatric dosing is shown in Table 1.
Body Weight (kg) | Recommended Radioactivity MBq (mCi) | Body Weight (kg) | Recommended Radioactivity MBq (mCi) |
---|---|---|---|
less than 11 kg | 19 MBq (0.5 mCi) | 25 to 26 | 49 MBq (1.3 mCi) |
11 to 12 | 21 MBq (0.6 mCi) | 27 to 28 | 52 MBq (1.4 mCi) |
13 to 14 | 26 MBq (0.7 mCi) | 29 to 30 | 56 MBq (1.5 mCi) |
15 to 16 | 30 MBq (0.8 mCi) | 31 to 32 | 59 MBq (1.6 mCi) |
17 to 18 | 33 MBq (0.9 mCi) | 33 to 34 | 63 MBq (1.7 mCi) |
19 to 20 | 37 MBq (1 mCi) | 35 to 36 | 67 MBq (1.8 mCi) |
21 to 22 | 41 MBq (1.1 mCi) | 37 to 38 | 70 MBq (1.9 mCi) |
23 to 24 | 44 MBq (1.2 mCi) | 39 or greater | 74 MBq (2 mCi) |
Prepare Technetium Tc 99m Succimer Injection according to the following procedure using asceptic technique:
Determine the radiochemical purity of Technetium Tc 99m Succimer Injection as follows:
Note 1: To prepare the n-butanol saturated with 0.3 N hydrochloric acid solution, place 50 mL of 0.3 N HCl and 50 mL of n-butanol in an Erlenmeyer flask. Place the mixture in an ultrasonic bath for 2 hours, during which time the solution heats up to about 50°C. Cool the solution to room temperature. After about 30 minutes to 45 minutes the phase separation of the mixture will complete. Collect the upper phase of the mixture and discard the lower phase. The solution is stable for up to 7 days when stored at controlled room temperature 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F).
Prior to use, visually inspect the prepared Technetium Tc 99m Succimer Injection behind a lead glass shield. Only use solutions that are clear without visible particles.
In making dosage calculations, correction is to be made for radioactive decay. The radioactive half-life of Tc 99m is 6.0 hours.
Using a sterile shielded syringe, aseptically withdraw the prepared Technetium Tc 99m Succimer Injection, and measure the radioactivity in the syringe using a dose calibrator, prior to administration. Ensure that the injected radioactivity is within ±10% of the recommended dose.
Discard unused portion. Handle and dispose radioactive material in accordance with applicable regulations.
The patient should be placed in the prone or supine position, as required by scanning equipment characteristics. Begin image acquisition 1 hour to 4 hours after the intravenous administration of Technetium Tc 99m Succimer Injection.
Delay image acquisition up to 6 hours to 24 hours in patients with severely reduced glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). A specific eGFR threshold at which to delay imaging has not been established [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
The estimated absorbed radiation doses to an average adult and pediatric patients are shown in Table 2.
Absorbed Dose per Unit of Activity Administered (mGy/MBq) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Organ | Adults | 15 years | 10 years | 5 years | 1 year |
Adrenals | 0.012 | 0.016 | 0.024 | 0.035 | 0.06 |
Bladder wall | 0.018 | 0.023 | 0.029 | 0.031 | 0.057 |
Bone surface | 0.005 | 0.0062 | 0.0092 | 0.014 | 0.026 |
Brain | 0.0012 | 0.0015 | 0.0025 | 0.004 | 0.0072 |
Breasts | 0.0013 | 0.0018 | 0.0028 | 0.0045 | 0.0084 |
Gall bladder | 0.0083 | 0.01 | 0.014 | 0.022 | 0.031 |
Stomach wall | 0.0052 | 0.0063 | 0.01 | 0.014 | 0.02 |
Colon | 0.005 | 0.0063 | 0.01 | 0.014 | 0.024 |
Intestine | 0.0043 | 0.0055 | 0.0082 | 0.012 | 0.02 |
Upper large intestine | 0.005 | 0.0064 | 0.095 | 0.014 | 0.023 |
Lower large intestine | 0.0035 | 0.0043 | 0.0065 | 0.0096 | 0.016 |
Heart | 0.003 | 0.0038 | 0.0058 | 0.0086 | 0.014 |
Kidneys | 0.18 | 0.22 | 0.3 | 0.43 | 0.76 |
Liver | 0.0095 | 0.012 | 0.018 | 0.025 | 0.041 |
Lungs | 0.0025 | 0.0035 | 0.0052 | 0.008 | 0.015 |
Muscles | 0.0029 | 0.0036 | 0.0052 | 0.0077 | 0.014 |
Oesophagus | 0.0017 | 0.0023 | 0.0034 | 0.0054 | 0.0094 |
Ovaries | 0.0035 | 0.0047 | 0.007 | 0.011 | 0.019 |
Pancreas | 0.009 | 0.011 | 0.016 | 0.023 | 0.037 |
Red marrow | 0.0039 | 0.0047 | 0.0068 | 0.009 | 0.014 |
Skin | 0.0015 | 0.0018 | 0.0029 | 0.0045 | 0.0085 |
Spleen | 0.013 | 0.017 | 0.026 | 0.038 | 0.061 |
Testes | 0.0018 | 0.0024 | 0.0037 | 0.0053 | 0.01 |
Thymus | 0.0017 | 0.0023 | 0.0034 | 0.0054 | 0.0094 |
Thyroid | 0.0015 | 0.0019 | 0.0031 | 0.0052 | 0.0094 |
Uterus | 0.0045 | 0.0056 | 0.0083 | 0.011 | 0.019 |
Remaining organ | 0.0029 | 0.0037 | 0.0052 | 0.0077 | 0.014 |
Effective Dose per unit of activity administered (mSv/MBq) | 0.0088 | 0.011 | 0.015 | 0.021 | 0.037 |
For Injection: NEPHROSCAN contains 1 mg succimer as a white-yellowish to off-white lyophilized powder in a single-dose vial. Upon radiolabeling with technetium Tc 99m, it provides up to 1,480 MBq (40 mCi) Technetium Tc 99m Succimer Injection as a clear, colorless solution in approximately 5 mL volume at calibration date and time.
Hypersensitivity reactions, including urticaria, rash, pruritus, and erythema have been reported with the use of technetium Tc 99m succimer injection in adults and pediatric patients. The time of onset of the reactions varied within 2 hours to several hours after the injection. Have appropriate instruments and medications necessary for immediate treatment of hypersensitivity reactions and monitor patients for reactions during and after administration [see Adverse Reactions (6)].
Technetium Tc 99m succimer injection contributes to a patient's overall long-term cumulative radiation exposure. Long-term cumulative radiation exposure is associated with an increased risk for cancer. Ensure safe handling to minimize radiation exposure to the patient and health care workers. Advise patients to hydrate before and after administration and to void frequently after administration [see Dosage and Administration (2.1, 2.2)].
The use of technetium Tc 99m succimer injection in patients with severely reduced estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) may have an effect on image interpretation as the kidneys may not absorb the technetium Tc 99m succimer and thus the Tc 99m succimer may distribute to organs or parts of the body other than the kidneys. It has been reported that satisfactory images may be obtained in some of these patients by delaying imaging between 6 hours to 24 hours [see Dosage and Administration (2.7)].
The following clinically significant adverse reactions are discussed elsewhere in the labeling:
The following adverse reactions associated with the use of NEPHROSCAN were identified in clinical studies or postmarketing reports. Because some of these reactions were reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
Immune System Disorders: Hypersensitivity including urticaria, rash, pruritus, and erythema
General Disorders: syncope, fever, and nausea.
Risk Summary
Available data with technetium Tc 99m succimer use in pregnant women are insufficient to evaluate for a drug-associated risk of major birth defects and miscarriage. Animal reproduction studies with technetium Tc 99m succimer have not been conducted. Although all radiopharmaceuticals have the potential to cause fetal harm depending on the fetal stage of development and the magnitude of the radiation dose, the radiation exposure to the fetus from technetium Tc 99m succimer is expected to be low (less than 0.50 mGy) (see Data).
The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defects, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies are 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.
Risk Summary
Technetium Tc 99m succimer is present in breast milk. There are no data on the effects of technetium Tc 99m succimer on the breastfed infant or the effects on milk production. NEPHROSCAN is used for imaging in infants with renal disease; exposure to technetium Tc 99m succimer via breast milk is expected to be lower. Based on clinical guidelines, exposure of technetium Tc 99m succimer to a breastfed infant may be minimized by advising a lactating woman to temporarily discontinue breastfeeding and to pump and discard breast milk for a minimum of at least 24 hours after administration of Technetium Tc 99m Succimer Injection. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with a mother's clinical need for NEPHROSCAN, any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from technetium Tc 99m succimer or from the underlying maternal condition.
NEPHROSCAN, after radiolabeling with technetium Tc 99m, is indicated for use as an aid in the scintigraphic evaluation of renal parenchymal disorders in pediatric patients, including term neonates. Use of NEPHROSCAN in this age group for this indication is supported by evidence from effectiveness established in adult studies and data from published pediatric studies supporting the safety and effectiveness of weight-based dosing of Technetium Tc 99m Succimer Injection in renal parenchymal imaging in pediatric patients including term neonates [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)].
The recommended amount of radioactivity in pediatric patients, 1.85 MBq/kg (0.05 mCi/kg) with a range of 19 MBq to 74 MBq (0.5 mCi to 2 mCi), is based on published studies that used technetium Tc 99m succimer for the evaluation of acute pyelonephritis, renal scarring, and split renal function in pediatric patients [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].
Hypersensitivity reactions, including urticaria, rash, pruritus, and erythema have been reported with the use of technetium Tc 99m succimer in pediatric patients [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Adverse Reactions (6)].
Clinical studies of technetium Tc 99m succimer did not include sufficient numbers of subjects 65 years of age and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger patients. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious usually administering the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.
This drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with decreased renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function.
In the event of an overdose of technetium Tc 99m succimer, reduce the radiation absorbed dose to the patient where possible by increasing the elimination of the drug from the body using hydration and frequent bladder voiding. A diuretic might also be considered. If possible, an estimate of the radiation effective dose given to the patient should be made.
NEPHROSCAN is a sterile, single-dose kit for the preparation of Technetium Tc 99m Succimer Injection a radioactive diagnostic agent, for intravenous use.
The active ingredient, succimer is meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid with a molecular weight of 182.22 g/mol. The chemical structure of succimer is shown below. Subsequent to radiolabeling with sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m, the active moiety technetium Tc 99m succimer is obtained in situ.
Each vial contains 1 mg succimer, 0.1 mg ascorbic acid, 0.42 mg stannous (tin) chloride dihydrate, 0.02 mg hydrochloric acid and 0.2 mg sodium hydroxide as a white-yellowish to off-white lyophilized powder.
In addition, after radiolabeling with sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m injection, each vial contains up to 1,480 MBq (40 mCi) of technetium Tc 99m succimer in 0.9% sodium chloride injection as a sterile, clear, and colorless solution. pH of the final solution is between 3 and 3.5. FDA approved pH specifications differ from USP.
Technetium Tc 99m decays by isomeric transition with a physical half-life of 6.02 hours. The principal photon that is useful for detection and imaging studies is listed in Table 3.
Radiation/ Emission | Mean % / Disintegration | Mean Energy (keV) |
---|---|---|
Gamma 2 | 89.07 | 140.5 |
To correct for physical decay of this radionuclide, the fractions that remain at selected intervals after the time of calibration are shown in Table 4.
The specific gamma ray constant for technetium Tc 99m is 0.78 R/hr-mCi at 1 cm. The first half value layer is 0.017 cm of Pb. To facilitate control of the radiation exposure from millicurie amounts of this radionuclide, the use of a 0.25 cm thickness of Pb will attenuate the radiation emitted by a factor of about 1,000. Table 5 displays the radiation attenuation by lead shielding.
Shield Thickness (Pb) mm | Coefficient of Attenuation |
---|---|
0.02 | 0.5 |
0.08 | 0.1 |
0.16 | 0.01 |
0.25 | 0.001 |
0.33 | 0.0001 |
Technetium Tc 99m succimer binds to the cortical region of kidneys and in conjunction with gamma scintigraphy or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is used to image the renal cortices.
Technetium Tc 99m succimer only stays bound to viable cortical tissue for >24 hours following administration. The relationship between technetium Tc 99m succimer plasma concentrations and successful imaging is not known.
Distribution
Technetium Tc 99m succimer is distributed in the plasma, bound to plasma proteins following intravenous administration. In humans, 53% to 70% of the intravenously administered technetium Tc 99m is protein bound. There is negligible activity in the red blood cells. At 6 hours about 20% of the dose is concentrated in each kidney.
How Supplied
NEPHROSCAN (kit for the preparation of technetium Tc 99m succimer injection), containing 1 mg succimer, is supplied as a white-yellowish to off-white lyophilized powder packaged in a sterile, single-dose vial as a carton of 5 vials (NDC: 71083-0020-5).
Storage and Handling
Before radiolabeling, store NEPHROSCAN in a refrigerator at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F) in original carton. Do not freeze.
After radiolabeling, store Technetium Tc 99m Succimer Injection upright, shielded, for up to 4 hours, at controlled room temperature 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F) [see Dosage and Administration (2.4)].
This preparation is approved for use by persons under license by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission or the relevant regulatory authority of an Agreement State.
Adequate Hydration
Instruct patients to drink a sufficient amount of water to ensure adequate hydration before their imaging and urge them to drink and urinate as often as possible during the first hours following the administration of Technetium Tc 99m Succimer Injection, in order to reduce radiation exposure [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) and Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
Lactation
Advise a lactating woman to temporarily discontinue breastfeeding and to pump and discard breast milk for at least 24 hours after Technetium Tc 99m Succimer Injection administration in order to minimize radiation exposure to a breastfed infant [see Use in Specific Populations (8.2)].
NEPHROSCAN®
Kit for the Preparation of Technetium Tc 99m Succimer Injection
1 mg per vial Succimer
For intravenous use only after radiolabeling with
Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m Injection, USP
THERAGNOSTICS
NDC: 71083-0020-5
Rx Only
5 Single-Dose Vials. Discard Unused Portion
NEPHROSCAN
succimer injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution |
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Labeler - Theragnostics Inc (080437847) |
Establishment | |||
Name | Address | ID/FEI | Business Operations |
---|---|---|---|
ROTOP Pharmaka GmbH | 314666202 | analysis(71083-0020) , api manufacture(71083-0020) , label(71083-0020) , manufacture(71083-0020) , pack(71083-0020) |
Mark Image Registration | Serial | Company Trademark Application Date |
---|---|
NEPHROSCAN 97363515 not registered Live/Pending |
Theragnostics Limited 2022-04-14 |
NEPHROSCAN 90169569 not registered Live/Pending |
Theragnostics Limited 2020-09-09 |