KYPROLIS

Hydration

Adequate hydration is required prior to dosing in Cycle 1, especially in patients at high-risk of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) or renal toxicity. Consider hydration with both oral fluids (30 mL per kg at least 48 hours before Cycle 1, Day 1) and intravenous fluids (250 mL to 500 mL of appropriate intravenous fluid prior to each dose in Cycle 1). If needed, give an additional 250 mL to 500 mL of intravenous fluids following Kyprolis administration. Continue oral and/or intravenous hydration, as needed, in subsequent cycles.

Monitor patients for evidence of volume overload and adjust hydration to individual patient needs, especially in patients with or at risk for cardiac failure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.3)].

Electrolyte Monitoring

Monitor serum potassium levels regularly during treatment with Kyprolis [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

Premedications and Concomitant Medications

Premedicate with the recommended dose of dexamethasone for monotherapy or dexamethasone administered as part of the combination therapy [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)]. Administer dexamethasone orally or intravenously at least 30 minutes but no more than 4 hours prior to all doses of Kyprolis during Cycle 1 to reduce the incidence and severity of infusion-related reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9)]. Reinstate dexamethasone premedication if these symptoms occur during subsequent cycles.

Provide thromboprophylaxis for patients being treated with Kyprolis in combination with other therapies [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8)].

Consider antiviral prophylaxis to decrease the risk of herpes zoster reactivation [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

Dose Calculation

For patients with body surface area (BSA) of 2.2 m² or less, calculate the Kyprolis dose using actual BSA. Dose adjustments do not need to be made for weight changes of 20% or less.

For patients with a BSA greater than 2.2 m², calculate the Kyprolis dose using a BSA of 2.2 m².

Once Weekly 20/70 mg/m² (30-minute infusion)

Kyprolis once weekly 20/70 mg/m² administered in combination with

• dexamethasone (Kd),
• daratumumab plus dexamethasone (DKd), or
• daratumumab and hyaluronidase-fihj plus dexamethasone (DKd).

The recommended starting dosage of Kyprolis is 20 mg/m² on Cycle 1, Day 1. If tolerated, escalate the dose to 70 mg/m² on Cycle 1, Day 8. Administer Kyprolis intravenously as a 30-minute infusion on Days 1, 8, and 15 of each 28-day cycle until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity as shown in Table 1 [see Clinical Studies (14.2)]. Administer dexamethasone 30 minutes to 4 hours before Kyprolis and 1 to 3 hours before daratumumab or daratumumab and hyaluronidase-fihj. For dosage instructions of combination agents with Kyprolis, see Clinical Studies sections 14.2 (Kd) and 14.3 (DKd). Refer to the Prescribing Information for dexamethasone, intravenous daratumumab, and subcutaneous daratumumab and hyaluronidase-fihj for additional dosage information.

Twice Weekly 20/56 mg/m² (30-minute infusion)

Kyprolis twice weekly 20/56 mg/m² administered as monotherapy or in combination with

• dexamethasone (Kd),
• daratumumab plus dexamethasone (DKd),
• daratumumab and hyaluronidase-fihj plus dexamethasone (DKd), or
• isatuximab plus dexamethasone (Isa-Kd).

The recommended starting dosage of Kyprolis is 20 mg/m² on Cycle 1, Days 1 and 2. If tolerated, escalate the dose to 56 mg/m² on Cycle 1, Day 8. Administer Kyprolis intravenously as a 30-minute infusion on Days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16 of each 28-day cycle as shown in Table 2 until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity [see Clinical Studies (Section 14)]. If given as monotherapy, administer 8 mg dexamethasone orally or intravenously 30 minutes to 4 hours before Kyprolis then as needed to minimize infusion-related reactions [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)]. Kyprolis given as monotherapy may be omitted on Days 8 and 9 of cycle 13 onward. For dosage instructions of combination agents administered with Kyprolis, see Clinical Studies sections 14.2 (Kd), 14.3 (DKd), 14.4 (Isa-Kd), and 14.5 (Monotherapy). Refer to the Prescribing Information for dexamethasone, intravenous daratumumab, subcutaneous daratumumab and hyaluronidase-fihj, and isatuximab for additional dosage information.

Twice Weekly 20/27 mg/m² (10-minute infusion)

Kyprolis twice weekly 20/27 mg/m² is administered as monotherapy or in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (KRd).

The recommended starting dosage of Kyprolis is 20 mg/m² in Cycle 1 on Days 1 and 2. If tolerated, escalate the dose to 27 mg/m² on Day 8 of Cycle 1 and thereafter. Administer Kyprolis intravenously as a 10-minute infusion [see Clinical Studies (14.4)]. In Cycles 1 through 12, administer Kyprolis on Days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15 and 16 of each 28-day cycle as shown in Table 3. From Cycle 13, administer Kyprolis on Days 1, 2, 15 and 16 of each 28-day cycle. If given as monotherapy, premedicate with dexamethasone 4 mg orally or intravenously 30 minutes to 4 hours before each Kyprolis dose in Cycle 1, then as needed to minimize infusion-related reactions [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)]. Continue Kyprolis with the regimens shown in Table 3 until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurs. When combined with lenalidomide and dexamethasone, discontinue Kyprolis after Cycle 18 and continue lenalidomide and dexamethasone until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurs. For dosage instructions of combination agents with Kyprolis, see Clinical Studies sections 14.1 (KRd) and 14.5 (Monotherapy). Refer to the Prescribing Information for dexamethasone and lenalidomide for additional dosage information.

Reconstitution/Preparation Steps:

1. Remove vial from refrigerator just prior to use.
2. Calculate the dose (mg/m²) and number of vials of Kyprolis required using the patient's BSA at baseline.
3. Aseptically reconstitute each Kyprolis vial only with Sterile Water for Injection, USP using the volumes described in Table 6. Use a 21-gauge or larger needle (0.8 mm or smaller external diameter needle) to reconstitute each vial by slowly injecting Sterile Water for Injection through the stopper and directing the Sterile Water for Injection onto the INSIDE WALL OF THE VIAL to minimize foaming. There is no data to support the use of closed system transfer devices with Kyprolis.
   

   Figure

   Table 6: Reconstitution Volumes

   Strength	Amount of Sterile Water for Injection required for reconstitution
   10 mg vial	5 mL
   30 mg vial	15 mL
   60 mg vial	29 mL

4. Gently swirl and/or invert the vial slowly for about 1 minute, or until complete dissolution. DO NOT SHAKE to avoid foam generation. If foaming occurs, allow the solution to settle in the vial until foaming subsides (approximately 5 minutes) and the solution is clear.
5. Visually inspect for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration. The reconstituted product should be a clear, colorless solution and should not be administered if any discoloration or particulate matter is observed.
6. Discard any unused portion left in the vial. DO NOT pool unused portions from the vials. DO NOT administer more than one dose from a vial.
7. Administer Kyprolis directly by intravenous infusion or in a 50 mL to 100 mL intravenous bag containing 5% Dextrose Injection. Do not administer as an intravenous push or bolus.
8. When administering in an intravenous bag, use a 21-gauge or larger gauge needle (0.8 mm or smaller external diameter needle) to withdraw the calculated dose from the vial and dilute into 50 mL or 100 mL intravenous bag containing only 5% Dextrose Injection (based on the calculated total dose and infusion time).
9. Flush the intravenous administration line with 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection or 5% Dextrose Injection immediately before and after Kyprolis administration.
10. Do not mix Kyprolis with or administer as an infusion with other medicinal products.

The stabilities of reconstituted Kyprolis under various temperature and container conditions are shown in Table 7.

Kyprolis in Combination with Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone

The safety of Kyprolis 20/27 mg/m² twice weekly in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (KRd) was evaluated in ASPIRE [see Clinical Studies (14.1)]. The median number of cycles initiated was 22 cycles for the KRd arm and 14 cycles for the Rd arm.

Deaths due to adverse reactions within 30 days of the last dose of any therapy in the KRd arm occurred in 45/392 (12%) patients compared with 42/389 (11%) patients who died due to adverse reactions within 30 days of the last dose of any Rd therapy. The most frequent cause of deaths occurring in patients (%) in the two arms (KRd versus Rd) included infection 12 (3%) versus 11 (3%), cardiac 10 (3%) versus 9 (2%), and other adverse reactions 23 (6%) versus 22 (6%).

Serious adverse reactions were reported in 65% of the patients in the KRd arm and 57% of the patients in the Rd arm. The most frequent serious adverse reactions reported in the KRd arm as compared with the Rd arm were pneumonia (17% versus 13%), respiratory tract infection (4% versus 2%), pyrexia (4% versus 3%), and pulmonary embolism (3% versus 2%).

Discontinuation due to any adverse reaction occurred in 33% in the KRd arm versus 30% in the Rd arm. Adverse reactions leading to discontinuation of Kyprolis occurred in 12% of patients and the most common reactions included pneumonia (1%), myocardial infarction (0.8%), and upper respiratory tract infection (0.8%). The incidence of cardiac failure events was 7% in the KRd arm versus 4% in the Rd arm.

Table 8 summarizes the adverse reactions in the first 12 cycles in ASPIRE.

There were 274 (70%) patients in the KRd arm who received treatment beyond Cycle 12. There were no new clinically relevant adverse reactions that emerged in the later treatment cycles.

Kyprolis in Combination with Dexamethasone

The safety of Kyprolis in combination with dexamethasone was evaluated in two open-label, randomized trials (ENDEAVOR and A.R.R.O.W.).

Kyprolis in Combination with Intravenous Daratumumab and Dexamethasone

The safety of Kyprolis in combination with intravenous daratumumab and dexamethasone was evaluated in two trials (CANDOR and EQUULEUS).

Kyprolis in Combination with Subcutaneous Daratumumab and Dexamethasone

The safety of Kyprolis in combination with daratumumab and hyaluronidase-fihj and dexamethasone was evaluated in PLEIADES [see Clinical Studies (14.3)].

Kyprolis in Combination with Isatuximab and Dexamethasone

The safety of Kyprolis in combination with isatuximab and dexamethasone was evaluated in IKEMA, a randomized, open-label clinical trial in patients with previously treated multiple myeloma [see Clinical Studies (14.4)]. Patients received Kyprolis 20/56 mg/m² twice weekly in combination with isatuximab and dexamethasone (Isa-Kd) (n=177) or Kyprolis and dexamethasone (Kd) (n=122). Among patients receiving Isa-Kd, the median exposure to Kyprolis was 65 weeks.

Serious adverse reactions occurred in 59% of patients receiving Isa-Kd. The most frequent serious adverse reactions in >5% of patients who received Isa-Kd were pneumonia (25%) and upper respiratory tract infections (9%). Adverse reactions with a fatal outcome during treatment were reported in 3.4% of patients in the Isa-Kd group (those occurring in more than 1% of patients were pneumonia occurring in 1.7% and cardiac failure in 1.1% of patients).

Permanent treatment discontinuation due to an adverse reaction (grades 1-4) occurred in 8% of patients who received Isa-Kd. The most frequent adverse reactions requiring permanent discontinuation in patients who received Isa-Kd were infections (2.8%).

Dosage interruptions due to an adverse reaction occurred in 4% of patients who received Kyprolis in the Isa-Kd group. The most frequent adverse reactions requiring dosage interruption in patients who received Kyprolis in the Isa-Kd group were administration site extravasation (1.1%) and infusion site extravasation (1.1%).

Dose reductions or omissions of Kyprolis due to an adverse reaction in the Isa-Kd group occurred in 67% of patients. Adverse reactions which required dose reductions or omissions in >10% of patients who received Kyprolis in the Isa-Kd group were upper respiratory tract infection (12.4%) and hypertension (11.9%).

The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) were upper respiratory tract infection, infusion-related reactions, fatigue, hypertension, diarrhea, pneumonia, dyspnea, insomnia, bronchitis, cough and back pain.

Table 17 summarizes the adverse reactions in IKEMA.

Table 18 summarizes the laboratory abnormalities in patients who received Kyprolis with isatuximab and dexamethasone versus Kyprolis with dexamethasone in IKEMA.

Kyprolis in Patients who Received Monotherapy

The safety of Kyprolis 20/27 mg/m² as a 10-minute infusion was evaluated in clinical trials consisting of 598 patients with relapsed and/or refractory myeloma [see Clinical Studies (14.5)]. Premedication with dexamethasone 4 mg was required before each dose in Cycle 1 and was optional for subsequent cycles. The median age was 64 years (range 32–87), and approximately 57% were male. The patients received a median of 5 (range 1–20) prior regimens. The median number of cycles initiated was 4 (range 1–35).

Deaths due to adverse reactions within 30 days of the last dose of Kyprolis occurred in 30/598 (5%) patients receiving Kyprolis monotherapy. These adverse reactions were related to cardiac disorders in 10 (2%) patients, infections in 8 (1%) patients, renal disorders in 4 (< 1%) patients, and other adverse reactions in 8 (1%) patients.

Serious adverse reactions were reported in 50% of patients in the pooled Kyprolis monotherapy studies (N = 598). The most frequent serious adverse reactions were: pneumonia (8%), acute renal failure (5%), disease progression (4%), pyrexia (3%), hypercalcemia (3%), congestive heart failure (3%), multiple myeloma (3%), anemia (2%), and dyspnea (2%).

In FOCUS, a randomized trial comparing Kyprolis as a single agent versus corticosteroids with optional oral cyclophosphamide for patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma, mortality was higher in the patients treated with Kyprolis in comparison to the control arm in the subgroup of 48 patients ≥ 75 years of age. The most common cause of discontinuation due to an adverse reaction was acute renal failure (2%).

Safety of Kyprolis monotherapy dosed at 20/56 mg/m² by 30-minute infusion was evaluated in a multicenter, open-label study in patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma [see Clinical Studies (14.5)]. The patients received a median of 4 (range 1–10) prior regimens.

Adverse reactions occurring with Kyprolis monotherapy are presented in Table 19.

Risk Summary

Kyprolis can cause fetal harm based on findings from animal studies and its mechanism of action [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)]. There are no available data on Kyprolis use in pregnant women to evaluate for drug-associated risks. Kyprolis caused embryo-fetal lethality in rabbits at doses lower than the clinical dose (see Data). Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to the fetus.

In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2%–4% and 15%–20%, respectively.

Data

Risk Summary

There are no data on the presence of Kyprolis in human milk, the effects on the breastfed child, or the effects of the drug on milk production. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in the breastfed child, advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with Kyprolis and for 2 weeks after treatment.

Pregnancy Testing

Conduct pregnancy testing on females of reproductive potential prior to initiating Kyprolis treatment.

Contraception

Infertility

Based on the mechanism of action, Kyprolis may have an effect on either male or female fertility [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1), Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1)]. There are no data on the effect of Kyprolis on human fertility.

Distribution

The mean steady-state volume of distribution of a 20 mg/m² dose of carfilzomib was 28 L. Carfilzomib is 97% bound to human plasma proteins over the concentration range of 0.4 to 4 micromolar in vitro.

Elimination

Carfilzomib has a half-life of ≤ 1 hour on Day 1 of Cycle 1 following intravenous doses ≥ 15 mg/m². The half-life was similar when administered either as a 30-minute infusion or a 2- to 10-minute infusion. The systemic clearance ranged from 151 to 263 L/hour.

Specific Populations

Age (35-89 years), sex, race or ethnicity (80% White, 11% Black, 6% Asians, 3% Hispanics), and mild to severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance 15-89 mL/min) did not have clinically meaningful effects on the pharmacokinetics of carfilzomib.

Drug Interaction Studies

Cardiovascular Toxicity

Monkeys administered a single bolus intravenous dose of carfilzomib at 3 mg/kg (approximately 1.3 times recommended dose in humans of 27 mg/m² based on BSA) experienced hypotension, increased heart rate, and increased serum levels of troponin-T.

Chronic Administration

Repeated bolus intravenous administration of carfilzomib at ≥ 2 mg/kg/dose in rats and 2 mg/kg/dose in monkeys using dosing schedules similar to those used clinically resulted in mortalities that were due to toxicities occurring in the cardiovascular (cardiac failure, cardiac fibrosis, pericardial fluid accumulation, cardiac hemorrhage/degeneration), gastrointestinal (necrosis/hemorrhage), renal (glomerulonephropathy, tubular necrosis, dysfunction), and pulmonary (hemorrhage/inflammation) systems. The dose of 2 mg/kg/dose in rats is approximately half the recommended dose in humans of 27 mg/m² based on BSA. The dose of 2 mg/kg/dose in monkeys is approximately equivalent to the recommended dose in humans based on BSA.

ASPIRE (NCT01080391)

ASPIRE was a randomized, open-label, multicenter trial which evaluated the combination of Kyprolis with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (KRd) versus lenalidomide and dexamethasone alone (Rd) in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who had received 1 to 3 lines of therapy (A line of therapy is a planned course of treatment [including sequential induction, transplantation, consolidation, and/or maintenance] without an interruption for lack of efficacy, such as for relapse or progressive disease). Patients who had the following were excluded from the trial: refractory to bortezomib in the most recent regimen, refractory to lenalidomide and dexamethasone in the most recent regimen, not responding to any prior regimen, creatinine clearance < 50 mL/min, ALT/AST > 3.5 × ULN and bilirubin > 2 × ULN, New York Heart Association Class III to IV congestive heart failure, or myocardial infarction within the last 4 months.

In the KRd arm, Kyprolis was evaluated at a starting dose of 20 mg/m², which was increased to 27 mg/m² on Cycle 1, Day 8 onward. Kyprolis was administered as a 10-minute infusion on Days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16 of each 28-day cycle for Cycle 1 through 12. Kyprolis was dosed on Days 1, 2, 15, and 16 of each 28-day cycle from Cycle 13 through 18. Dexamethasone 40 mg was administered orally or intravenously on Days 1, 8, 15 and 22 of each cycle. Lenalidomide was given 25 mg orally on Days 1 to 21 of each 28-day cycle. The Rd treatment arm had the same regimen for lenalidomide and dexamethasone as the KRd treatment arm. Kyprolis was administered for a maximum of 18 cycles unless discontinued early for disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Lenalidomide and dexamethasone administration could continue until progression or unacceptable toxicity. Concurrent use of thromboprophylaxis and a proton pump inhibitor were required for both arms and antiviral prophylaxis was required for the KRd arm.

The 792 patients in ASPIRE were randomized 1:1 to the KRd or Rd arm. The demographics and baseline characteristics were well-balanced between the two arms (see Table 22). Only 53% of the patients had testing for genetic mutations; a high-risk genetic mutation was identified for 12% of patients in the KRd arm and in 13% in the Rd arm.

Patients in the KRd arm demonstrated improved PFS compared with those in the Rd arm (HR = 0.69, with 2-sided P-value = 0.0001) as determined using standard International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG)/European Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) response criteria by an Independent Review Committee (IRC). The median PFS was 26.3 months in the KRd arm versus 17.6 months in the Rd arm (see Table 23 and Figure 1).

A pre-planned overall survival (OS) analysis was performed after 246 deaths in the KRd arm and 267 deaths in the Rd arm. The median follow-up was approximately 67 months. A statistically significant advantage in OS was observed in patients in the KRd arm compared to patients in the Rd arm (see Table 23 and Figure 2).

The median duration of response (DOR) was 28.6 months (95% CI: 24.9, 31.3) for the 345 patients achieving a response in the KRd arm and 21.2 months (95% CI: 16.7, 25.8) for the 264 patients achieving a response in the Rd arm. The median time to response was 1 month (range 1 to 14 months) in the KRd arm and 1 month (range 1 to 16 months) in the Rd arm.

CI = confidence interval; EBMT = European Blood and Marrow Transplantation; HR = hazard ratio; IMWG = International Myeloma Working Group; KRd = Kyprolis, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone; mo = months; PFS = progression-free survival; Rd = lenalidomide and dexamethasone arm Note: The response and PD outcomes were determined using standard objective IMWG/EBMT response criteria.

Figure 1: Kaplan-Meier Curve of Progression-Free Survival in ASPIRE

Figure 1

CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio; KRd = Kyprolis, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone; mo = months; OS = overall survival; Rd = lenalidomide and dexamethasone arm

Figure 2: Kaplan-Meier Curve of Overall Survival in ASPIRE

Figure 2

ENDEAVOR (NCT01568866)

ENDEAVOR was a randomized, open-label, multicenter trial of Kyprolis and dexamethasone (Kd) versus bortezomib and dexamethasone (Vd) in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who had received 1 to 3 lines of therapy. A total of 929 patients were enrolled and randomized (464 in the Kd arm; 465 in the Vd arm). Randomization was stratified by prior proteasome inhibitor therapy (yes versus no), prior lines of therapy (1 versus 2 or 3), current International Staging System stage (1 versus 2 or 3), and planned route of bortezomib administration. Patients were excluded if they had less than PR to all prior regimens; creatinine clearance < 15 mL/min; hepatic transaminases ≥ 3 × ULN; or left-ventricular ejection fraction < 40% or other significant cardiac conditions.

This trial evaluated Kyprolis at a starting dose of 20 mg/m², which was increased to 56 mg/m² on Cycle 1, Day 8 onward. Kyprolis was administered twice weekly as a 30-minute infusion on Days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16 of each 28-day cycle. Dexamethasone 20 mg was administered orally or intravenously on Days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22, and 23 of each cycle. In the Vd arm, bortezomib was dosed at 1.3 mg/m² intravenously or subcutaneously on Days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-day cycle, and dexamethasone 20 mg was administered orally or intravenously on Days 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, and 12 of each cycle. Concurrent use of thromboprophylaxis was optional, and prophylaxis with an antiviral agent and proton pump inhibitor was required. Of the 465 patients in the Vd arm, 381 received bortezomib subcutaneously. Treatment continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

The demographics and baseline characteristics are summarized in Table 24.

The efficacy of Kyprolis was evaluated by PFS as determined by an IRC using IMWG response criteria. The trial showed a median PFS of 18.7 months in the Kd arm versus 9.4 months in the Vd arm (see Table 25 and Figure 3).

Figure 3: Kaplan-Meier Plot of Progression-Free Survival in ENDEAVOR

CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio; Kd = Kyprolis and dexamethasone; mo = months; PFS = progression-free survival; Vd = bortezomib and dexamethasone

Figure 3

Other endpoints included OS and overall response rate (ORR).

A pre-planned OS analysis was performed after 189 deaths in the Kd arm and 209 deaths in the Vd arm. The median follow-up was approximately 37 months. A significantly longer OS was observed in patients in the Kd arm compared to patients in the Vd arm (HR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.96; P-value = 0.01). Results are provided in Table 25 and Figure 4.

CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio; Kd = Kyprolis and dexamethasone; mo = month; OS = overall survival; Vd = bortezomib and dexamethasone

Figure 4: Kaplan-Meier Plot of Overall Survival in ENDEAVOR

Figure 4

The median DOR in subjects achieving PR or better was 21.3 months (95% CI: 21.3, not estimable) in the Kd arm and 10.4 months (95% CI: 9.3, 13.8) in the Vd arm. The median time to response was 1 month (range < 1 to 8 months) in both arms.

A.R.R.O.W. (NCT02412878)

A.R.R.O.W. was a randomized, open-label, multicenter superiority trial of Kyprolis and dexamethasone (Kd) once weekly (20/70 mg/m²) versus Kd twice weekly (20/27 mg/m²) in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma who had received 2 to 3 prior lines of therapy. Patients were excluded if they had less than PR to at least one prior line; creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min; hepatic transaminases ≥ 3 × ULN; or left-ventricular ejection fraction < 40% or other significant cardiac conditions. A total of 478 patients were enrolled and randomized (240 in 20/70 mg/m² arm; 238 in 20/27 mg/m² arm). Randomization was stratified by current International Staging System stage (stage 1 versus stages 2 or 3), refractory to bortezomib treatment (yes versus no), and age (< 65 versus ≥ 65 years).

Arm 1 of this trial evaluated Kyprolis at a starting dose of 20 mg/m², which was increased to 70 mg/m² on Cycle 1, Day 8 onward. Arm 1 Kyprolis was administered once weekly as a 30-minute infusion on Days 1, 8 and 15, of each 28-day cycle. Arm 2 of this trial evaluated Kyprolis at a starting dose of 20 mg/m², which was increased to 27 mg/m² on Cycle 1, Day 8 onward. Arm 2 Kyprolis was administered twice weekly as a 10-minute infusion on Days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16 of each 28-day cycle. In both regimens, dexamethasone 40 mg was administered orally or intravenously on Days 1, 8, 15 for all cycles and on Day 22 for cycles 1 to 9 only. Concurrent use of thromboprophylaxis was optional, prophylaxis with an antiviral agent was recommended, and prophylaxis with a proton pump inhibitor was required. Treatment continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

The demographics and baseline characteristics are summarized in Table 26.

The efficacy of Kyprolis was evaluated by PFS using IMWG response criteria. Efficacy results are provided in Table 27 and Figure 5.

CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio; Kd = Kyprolis and dexamethasone; PFS = progression-free survival

Figure 5: Kaplan-Meier Plot of Progression-Free Survival in A.R.R.O.W.

Figure 5

The median DOR in subjects achieving PR or better was 15 months (95% CI: 12.2, not estimable) in the Kd 20/70 mg/m² arm and 13.8 months (95% CI: 9.5, not estimable) in the Kd 20/27 mg/m² arm. The median time to response was 1.1 months in the Kd 20/70 mg/m² arm and 1.9 months in the Kd 20/27 mg/m² arm.

Kyprolis is not approved for twice weekly 20/27 mg/m² administration in combination with dexamethasone alone.

CANDOR (NCT03158688)

CANDOR was a randomized, open-label, multicenter trial which evaluated the combination of Kyprolis 20/56 mg/m² twice weekly with intravenous daratumumab and dexamethasone (DKd) versus Kyprolis 20/56 mg/m² twice weekly and dexamethasone (Kd) in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who had received 1 to 3 prior lines of therapy. Patients who had the following were excluded from the trial: known moderate or severe persistent asthma within the past 2 years, known chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with a FEV1 < 50% of predicted normal, and active congestive heart failure. Randomization was stratified by the ISS (stage 1 or 2 vs stage 3) at screening, prior proteasome inhibitor exposure (yes vs no), number of prior lines of therapy (1 vs ≥ 2), or prior cluster differentiation antigen 38 (CD38) antibody therapy (yes vs no).

Kyprolis was administered intravenously over 30 minutes at a dose of 20 mg/m² in Cycle 1 on Days 1 and 2; at a dose of 56 mg/m² in Cycle 1 on Days 8, 9, 15 and 16; and on Days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15 and 16 of each 28-day cycle thereafter. Dexamethasone 20 mg was administered orally or intravenously on Days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15 and 16 and then 40 mg orally or intravenously on Day 22 of each 28-day cycle. In the DKd arm, daratumumab was administered intravenously at a dose of 8 mg/kg in Cycle 1 on Days 1 and 2. Thereafter, daratumumab was administered intravenously at a dose of 16 mg/kg on Days 8, 15 and 22 of Cycle 1; Days 1, 8 and 15 and 22 of Cycle 2; Days 1 and 15 of Cycles 3 to 6; and Day 1 for the remaining cycles or until disease progression. For patients >75 years on a reduced dexamethasone dose of 20 mg, the entire 20 mg dose was given as a daratumumab pre-infusion medication on days when daratumumab was administered. Dosing of dexamethasone was otherwise split across days when Kyprolis was administered in both study arms. Treatment was continued in both arms until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

A total of 466 patients were randomized; 312 to the DKd arm and 154 to the Kd arm. The demographics and baseline characteristics are summarized in Table 28.

Efficacy was assessed by an IRC evaluation of PFS using the IMWG response criteria. Efficacy results are provided in Table 29 and Figure 6. The median duration of response has not been reached for the DKd arm and was 16.6 months (13.9, NE) for the Kd arm. The median (min, max) time to response was 1.0 (1, 14) months for the DKd arm and 1.0 (1, 10) months for the Kd arm.

CI = confidence interval; DKd = Kyprolis, daratumumab and dexamethasone; HR = hazard ratio; Kd= Kyprolis and dexamethasone

Figure 6: Kaplan-Meier Plot of Progression-Free Survival in CANDOR

Figure 6

EQUULEUS (NCT01998971)

EQUULEUS was an open-label, multi-cohort trial which evaluated the combination of Kyprolis with intravenous daratumumab and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who had received 1 to 3 prior lines of therapy. Patients who had the following were excluded from the trial: known moderate or severe persistent asthma within the past 2 years, known chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with a FEV1 < 50% of predicted normal, or active congestive heart failure (defined as New York Heart Association Class III-IV).

Kyprolis was administered intravenously over 30 minutes once weekly at a dose of 20 mg/m² on Cycle 1 Day 1 and escalated to a dose of 70 mg/m² on Cycle 1, Days 8 and 15; and on Days 1, 8, and 15 of each 28-day cycle. Ten patients were administered daratumumab at a dose of 16 mg/kg intravenously on Cycle 1, Day 1 and the remaining patients were administered daratumumab at a dose of 8 mg/kg intravenously on Cycle 1, Days 1 and 2. Thereafter, daratumumab was administered intravenously at a dose of 16 mg/kg on Days 8, 15 and 22 of Cycle 1; Days 1, 8, 15 and 22 of Cycle 2; Days 1 and 15 of Cycles 3 to 6; and then Day 1 for the remaining cycles of each 28-day cycle. In Cycles 1 and 2, dexamethasone 20 mg was administered orally or intravenously on Days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22 and 23; in cycles 3 to 6, dexamethasone 20 mg was administered orally or intravenously on Days 1, 2, 15 and 16 and at a dose of 40 mg on Day 8 and 22; and in cycles 7 and thereafter, dexamethasone 20 mg was administered orally or intravenously on Days 1 and 2 and at a dose of 40 mg on Days 8, 15, and 22. For patients > 75 years of age, dexamethasone 20 mg was administered orally or intravenously weekly after the first week. Treatment continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

The EQUULEUS trial enrolled 85 patients. The demographics and baseline characteristics are summarized in Table 30.

Efficacy results were based on overall response rate using IMWG criteria. Efficacy results are provided in Table 31. The median time to response was 0.95 months (range: 0.9, 14.3). The median duration of response was 28 months (95% CI: 20.5, not estimable).

PLEIADES (NCT03412565)

The efficacy of Kyprolis with daratumumab and hyaluronidase-fihj plus dexamethasone (DKd) was evaluated in a single-arm cohort of PLEIADES, a multi-cohort, open-label trial. This cohort enrolled patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma excluding patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) less than 40%, myocardial infarction within 6 months, uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmia, or uncontrolled hypertension (systolic blood pressure >159 mmHg or diastolic >99 mmHg despite optimal treatment). Patients received Kyprolis administered by IV infusion at a dose of 20 mg/m² on Cycle 1 Day 1 and if a dose of 20 mg/m² was tolerated Kyprolis was administered at a dose of 70 mg/m² as a 30-minute IV infusion on Cycle 1 Day 8 and Day 15, and then Day 1, 8 and 15 of each cycle; daratumumab and hyaluronidase-fihj1,800 mg/30,000 units administered subcutaneously once weekly from Weeks 1 to 8, once every 2 weeks from Weeks 9 to 24 and once every 4 weeks starting with Week 25 until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity; and dexamethasone 40 mg per week (or a reduced dose of 20 mg per week for patients ≥75 years or BMI <18.5). The major efficacy outcome measure was ORR.

A total of 66 patients received the DKd regimen. The median age was 61 years (range: 42, 84); 52% were male; 73% were White and 3% Black or African American; and 68% had ISS Stage I, 18% had ISS Stage II, and 14% had ISS Stage III disease. A total of 79% of patients had a prior ASCT; 91% of patients received a prior PI. All patients received 1 prior line of therapy with exposure to lenalidomide and 62% of patients were refractory to lenalidomide.

Efficacy results are summarized in Table 32. At a median follow-up of 9.2 months, the median duration of response had not been reached and an estimated 85.2% (95% CI: 72.5, 92.3) maintained response for at least 6 months and 82.5% (95% CI: 68.9, 90.6) maintained response for at least 9 months.

IKEMA (NCT03275285)

The efficacy and safety of Kyprolis in combination with isatuximab and dexamethasone were evaluated in IKEMA, a multicenter, multinational, randomized, open-label, 2-arm, phase 3 study in patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma. Patients had received one to three prior lines of therapy. Patients were eligible for inclusion if they had an ECOG status of 0-2, platelets ≥50,000 cells/mm³, absolute neutrophil count ≥1 × 10⁹/L, creatinine clearance ≥15 mL/min/1.73 m² (MDRD formula), AST ≤3 × ULN, and ALT ≤3 × ULN.

A total of 302 patients were randomized in a 3:2 ratio to receive either Kyprolis in combination with isatuximab and dexamethasone (Isa-Kd, 179 patients) or Kyprolis and dexamethasone (Kd, 123 patients). Treatment was administered in both groups in 28-day cycles until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Isatuximab 10 mg/kg was administered as an intravenous infusion weekly in the first cycle and every two weeks thereafter. Kyprolis was administered as an intravenous infusion at the dose of 20 mg/m² on days 1 and 2; 56 mg/m² on days 8, 9, 15, and 16 of cycle 1; and at the dose of 56 mg/m² on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16 for subsequent cycles of each 28-day cycle. Dexamethasone (intravenously on the days of isatuximab and/or Kyprolis infusions, and orally on the other days) 20 mg was given on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22, and 23 for each 28-day cycle. On the days where both Kyprolis and isatuximab were administered, dexamethasone was administered first, followed by isatuximab infusion, then followed by Kyprolis infusion.

Overall, demographic and disease characteristics at baseline were similar between the two treatment groups. The median patient age was 64 years (range 33-90), 9% of patients were ≥ 75 years, 71% were White, 17% Asian, and 3% Black or African American. The proportion of patients with renal impairment (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m²) was 24% in the Isa-Kd group versus 15% in the Kd group. The International Staging System (ISS) stage at study entry was I in 53%, II in 31%, and III in 15% of patients. Overall, 24% of patients had high-risk chromosomal abnormalities at study entry; del(17p), t(4;14), t(14;16) were present in 11%, 14%, and 2% of patients, respectively. In addition, gain(1q21) was present in 42% of patients.

The median number of prior lines of therapy was 2 (range 1-4) with 44% of patients who received 1 prior line of therapy. Overall, 90% of patients received prior proteasome inhibitors, 78% received prior immunomodulators (including 43% who received prior lenalidomide), and 61% received prior stem cell transplantation. Overall, 33% of patients were refractory to prior proteasome inhibitors, 45% were refractory to prior immunomodulators (including 33% refractory to lenalidomide), and 21% were refractory to both a proteasome inhibitor and an immunomodulator.

The median duration of treatment was 80 weeks for the Isa-Kd group compared to 61 weeks for the Kd group.

Efficacy was based upon PFS. PFS results were assessed by an Independent Response Committee based on central laboratory data for M-protein and central radiologic imaging review using the IMWG criteria. The improvement in PFS represented a 45% reduction in the risk of disease progression or death in patients treated with Isa-Kd compared to patients treated with Kd.

Efficacy results are presented in Table 33.

Figure 7: Kaplan-Meier Plot of Progression-Free Survival in IKEMA

Figure 7

Study PX-171-007 (NCT00531284)

Study PX-171-007 was a multicenter, open-label, dose escalation, single-arm trial that evaluated the safety of Kyprolis monotherapy as a 30-minute infusion in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma after 2 or more lines of therapy. Patients were excluded if they had a creatinine clearance < 20 mL/min; ALT ≥ 3 × upper limit of normal (ULN), bilirubin ≥ 1.5 × ULN; New York Heart Association Class III or IV congestive heart failure; or other significant cardiac conditions. A total of 24 subjects with multiple myeloma were enrolled at the maximum tolerated dose level of 20/56 mg/m². Kyprolis was administered twice weekly for 3 consecutive weeks (Days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16) of a 28-day cycle. In Cycle 13 onward, the Day 8 and 9 Kyprolis doses could be omitted. Patients received Kyprolis at a starting dose of 20 mg/m² on Days 1 and 2 of Cycle 1, which was increased to 56 mg/m² for all subsequent doses. Dexamethasone 8 mg orally or intravenously was required prior to each Kyprolis dose in Cycle 1 and was optional in subsequent cycles. Treatment was continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Efficacy was evaluated by ORR and DOR. ORR by investigator assessment was 50% (95% CI: 29, 71) per IMWG criteria (see Table 34). The median DOR in subjects who achieved a PR or better was 8.0 months (Range: 1.4, 32.5).

Study PX-171-003 A1 (NCT00511238)

Study PX-171-003 A1 was a single-arm, multicenter clinical trial of Kyprolis monotherapy by up to 10-minute infusion. Eligible patients were those with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma who had received at least two prior therapies (including bortezomib and thalidomide and/or lenalidomide) and had ≤ 25% response to the most recent therapy or had disease progression during or within 60 days of the most recent therapy. Patients were excluded from the trial if they were refractory to all prior therapies or had a total bilirubin ≥ 2 × ULN; creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min; New York Heart Association Class III to IV congestive heart failure; symptomatic cardiac ischemia; myocardial infarction within the last 6 months; peripheral neuropathy Grade 3 or 4, or peripheral neuropathy Grade 2 with pain; active infections requiring treatment; or pleural effusion.

Kyprolis was administered intravenously up to 10 minutes on two consecutive days each week for three weeks, followed by a 12-day rest period (28-day treatment cycle), until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or for a maximum of 12 cycles. Patients received 20 mg/m² at each dose in Cycle 1, and 27 mg/m² in subsequent cycles. Dexamethasone 4 mg orally or intravenously was administered prior to Kyprolis doses in the first and second cycles.

A total of 266 patients were enrolled. Baseline patient and disease characteristics are summarized in Table 35.

Efficacy was evaluated by ORR as determined by IRC assessment using IMWG criteria. Efficacy results are provided in Table 36. The median DOR was 7.8 months (95% CI: 5.6, 9.2).

Study PX-171-004 Part 2 (NCT00530816)

Study PX-171-004 Part 2 was a single-arm, multicenter clinical trial of Kyprolis monotherapy by up to 10-minute infusion. Eligible patients were those with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who were bortezomib-naïve, had received one to three prior lines of therapy and had ≤ 25% response or progression during therapy or within 60 days after completion of therapy. Patients were excluded from the trial if they were refractory to standard first-line therapy or had a total bilirubin ≥ 2 × ULN; creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min; New York Heart Association Class III to IV congestive heart failure; symptomatic cardiac ischemia; myocardial infarction within the last 6 months; active infections requiring treatment; or pleural effusion.

Kyprolis was administered intravenously up to 10 minutes on two consecutive days each week for three weeks, followed by a 12-day rest period (28-day treatment cycle), until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or for a maximum of 12 cycles. Patients received 20 mg/m² at each dose in Cycle 1, and 27 mg/m² in subsequent cycles. Dexamethasone 4 mg orally or intravenously was administered prior to Kyprolis doses in the first and second cycles.

A total of 70 patients were treated with this 20/27 mg/m² regimen. Baseline patient and disease characteristics are summarized in Table 37.

Efficacy was evaluated by ORR as determined by IRC assessment using IMWG criteria. Efficacy results are provided in Table 38. The median DOR was not reached.