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adverse reactions
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following adverse reactions are discussed in more detail in other sections of the labeling: Increased Mortality in Elderly Patients with Dementia-Related Psychosis [see Boxed Warning and Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors [see Boxed Warning and Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] Cerebrovascular Adverse Reactions, Including Stroke, in Elderly Patients with Dementia-related Psychosis [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] Tardive Dyskinesia [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 )] Metabolic Changes [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 )] Hyperprolactinemia [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 )] Leukopenia, Neutropenia, and Agranulocytosis [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.8 )] Orthostatic Hypotension and Syncope [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.9 )] Falls [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.10 )] Seizures [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.11 )] Potential for Cognitive and Motor Impairment [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.12 )] Body Temperature Dysregulation [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.13 )] Activation of Mania/Hypomania [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.14 )] Dysphagia [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.15 )] Neurological Adverse Reactions in Patients with Parkinson's Disease or Dementia with Lewy Bodies [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.16 )] Commonly observed adverse reactions (incidence ≥ 5% and at least twice the rate for placebo) were ( 6.1 ): Adult patients with schizophrenia: somnolence, akathisia, extrapyramidal symptoms, and nausea Adolescent patients (13 to 17 years) with schizophrenia: somnolence, nausea, akathisia, EPS (non-akathisia), rhinitis (80mg only), and vomiting Adult patients with bipolar depression: akathisia, extrapyramidal symptoms, and somnolence Pediatric patients (10 to 17 years) with bipolar depression: nausea, weight increase, and insomnia To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Accord Healthcare Inc. at 1-866-941-7875 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch . 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice. Adults The information below is derived from an integrated clinical study database for lurasidone hydrochloride consisting of 3799 adult patients exposed to one or more doses of lurasidone hydrochloride for the treatment of schizophrenia, and bipolar depression in placebo-controlled studies. This experience corresponds with a total experience of 1250.9 patient-years. A total of 1106 lurasidone hydrochloride-treated patients had at least 24 weeks and 371 lurasidone hydrochloride-treated patients had at least 52 weeks of exposure. Adverse events during exposure to study treatment were obtained by general inquiry and voluntarily reported adverse experiences, as well as results from physical examinations, vital signs, ECGs, weights and laboratory investigations. Adverse experiences were recorded by clinical investigators using their own terminology. In order to provide a meaningful estimate of the proportion of individuals experiencing adverse events, events were grouped in standardized categories using MedDRA terminology. Schizophrenia The following findings are based on the short-term, placebo-controlled premarketing adult studies for schizophrenia in which lurasidone hydrochloride was administered at daily doses ranging from 20 to 160 mg (n=1508). Commonly Observed Adverse Reactions: The most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥ 5% and at least twice the rate of placebo) in patients treated with lurasidone hydrochloride were somnolence, akathisia, extrapyramidal symptoms, and nausea. Adverse Reactions Associated with Discontinuation of Treatment: A total of 9.5% (143/1508) lurasidone hydrochloride-treated patients and 9.3% (66/708) of placebo-treated patients discontinued due to adverse reactions. There were no adverse reactions associated with discontinuation in subjects treated with lurasidone hydrochloride that were at least 2% and at least twice the placebo rate. Adverse Reactions Occurring at an Incidence of 2% or More in lurasidone hydrochloride -Treated Patients: Adverse reactions associated with the use of lurasidone hydrochloride (incidence of 2% or greater, rounded to the nearest percent and lurasidone hydrochloride incidence greater than placebo) that occurred during acute therapy (up to 6 weeks in patients with schizophrenia) are shown in Table 19 . Table 19: Adverse Reactions in 2% or More of Lurasidone Hydrochloride-Treated Patients and That Occurred at Greater Incidence than in the Placebo-Treated Patients in Adult Short-term Schizophrenia Studies Note: Figures rounded to the nearest integer * Somnolence includes adverse event terms: hypersomnia, hypersomnolence, sedation, and somnolence ** Extrapyramidal symptoms include adverse event terms: bradykinesia, cogwheel rigidity, drooling, dystonia, extrapyramidal disorder, hypokinesia, muscle rigidity, oculogyric crisis, oromandibular dystonia, parkinsonism, psychomotor retardation, tongue spasm, torticollis, tremor, and trismus Percentage of Patients Reporting Reaction Lurasidone hydrochloride Body System or Organ Class Placebo (N=708) (%) 20 mg/day (N=71) (%) 40 mg/day (N=487) (%) 80 mg/day (N=538) (%) 120 mg/day (N=291) (%) 160 mg/day (N=121) (%) All Lurasidone hydrochloride (N=1508) (%) Gastrointestinal Disorders Nausea 5 11 10 9 13 7 10 Vomiting 6 7 6 9 9 7 8 Dyspepsia 5 11 6 5 8 6 6 Salivary Hypersecretion <1 1 1 2 4 2 2 Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders Back Pain 2 0 4 3 4 0 3 Nervous System Disorders Somnolence* 7 15 16 15 26 8 17 Akathisia 3 6 11 12 22 7 13 Extrapyramidal Disorder** 6 6 11 12 22 13 14 Dizziness 2 6 4 4 5 6 4 Psychiatric Disorders Insomnia 8 8 10 11 9 7 10 Agitation 4 10 7 3 6 5 5 Anxiety 4 3 6 4 7 3 5 Restlessness 1 1 3 1 3 2 2 Dose-Related Adverse Reactions in the Schizophrenia Studies Akathisia and extrapyramidal symptoms were dose-related. The frequency of akathisia increased with dose up to 120 mg/day (5.6% for lurasidone hydrochloride 20 mg, 10.7% for lurasidone hydrochloride 40 mg, 12.3% for lurasidone hydrochloride 80 mg, and 22.0% for lurasidone hydrochloride 120 mg). Akathisia was reported by 7.4% (9/121) of patients receiving 160 mg/day. Akathisia occurred in 3.0% of subjects receiving placebo. The frequency of extrapyramidal symptoms increased with dose up to 120 mg/day (5.6% for lurasidone hydrochloride 20 mg, 11.5% for lurasidone hydrochloride 40 mg, 11.9% for lurasidone hydrochloride 80 mg, and 22.0% for lurasidone hydrochloride 120 mg). Bipolar Depression (Monotherapy) The following findings are based on the adult short-term, placebo-controlled premarketing study for bipolar depression in which lurasidone hydrochloride tablets were administered at daily doses ranging from 20 to 120 mg (n=331). Commonly Observed Adverse Reactions: The most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥ 5%, in either dose group, and at least twice the rate of placebo) in patients treated with lurasidone hydrochloride were akathisia, extrapyramidal symptoms, somnolence, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and anxiety. Adverse Reactions Associated with Discontinuation of Treatment: A total of 6.0% (20/331) lurasidone hydrochloride-treated patients and 5.4% (9/168) of placebo-treated patients discontinued due to adverse reactions. There were no adverse reactions associated with discontinuation in subjects treated with lurasidone hydrochloride that were at least 2% and at least twice the placebo rate. Adverse Reactions Occurring at an Incidence of 2% or More in lurasidone hydrochloride-Treated Patients: Adverse reactions associated with the use of lurasidone hydrochloride (incidence of 2% or greater, rounded to the nearest percent and lurasidone hydrochloride incidence greater than placebo) that occurred during acute therapy (up to 6 weeks in patients with bipolar depression) are shown in Table 20 . Table 20: Adverse Reactions in 2% or More of Lurasidone Hydrochloride-Treated Patients and That Occurred at Greater Incidence than in the Placebo-Treated Patients in the Adult Short-term Monotherapy Bipolar Depression Study Note: Figures rounded to the nearest integer Percentage of Patients Reporting Reaction Body System or Organ Class Dictionary-derived Term Placebo (N=168) (%) Lurasidone hydrochloride 20 to 60 mg/day (N=164) (%) Lurasidone hydrochloride 80 to 120 mg/day (N=167) (%) All Lurasidone Hydrochloride Tablets(N=331) (%) Gastrointestinal Disorders Nausea 8 10 17 14 Dry Mouth 4 6 4 5 Vomiting 2 2 6 4 Diarrhea 2 5 3 4 Infections and Infestations Nasopharyngitis 1 4 4 4 Influenza 1 <1 2 2 Urinary Tract Infection <1 2 1 2 Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders Back Pain <1 3 <1 2 Nervous System Disorders Extrapyramidal Symptoms Extrapyramidal symptoms include adverse event terms: bradykinesia, cogwheel rigidity, drooling, dystonia, extrapyramidal disorder, glabellar reflex abnormal, hypokinesia, muscle rigidity, oculogyric crisis, oromandibular dystonia, parkinsonism, psychomotor retardation, tongue spasm, torticollis, tremor, and trismus 2 5 9 7 Akathisia 2 8 11 9 Somnolence Somnolence includes adverse event terms: hypersomnia, hypersomnolence, sedation, and somnolence 7 7 14 11 Psychiatric Disorders Anxiety 1 4 5 4 Dose-Related Adverse Reactions in the Monotherapy Study: In the adult short-term, placebo-controlled study (involving lower and higher lurasidone hydrochloride dose ranges) [see Clinical Studies ( 14.2 )] the adverse reactions that occurred with a greater than 5% incidence in the patients treated with lurasidone hydrochloride in any dose group and greater than placebo in both groups were nausea (10.4%, 17.4%), somnolence (7.3%, 13.8%), akathisia (7.9%, 10.8%), and extrapyramidal symptoms (4.9%, 9.0%) for lurasidone hydrochloride 20 to 60 mg/day and lurasidone hydrochloride 80 to 120 mg/day, respectively. Bipolar Depression Adjunctive Therapy with Lithium or Valproate The following findings are based on two adult short-term, placebo-controlled premarketing studies for bipolar depression in which lurasidone hydrochloride tablets were administered at daily doses ranging from 20 to 120 mg as adjunctive therapy with lithium or valproate (n=360). Commonly Observed Adverse Reactions: The most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥ 5% and at least twice the rate of placebo) in subjects treated with lurasidone hydrochloride were akathisia and somnolence. Adverse Reactions Associated with Discontinuation of Treatment: A total of 5.8% (21/360) lurasidone hydrochloride-treated patients and 4.8% (16/334) of placebo-treated patients discontinued due to adverse reactions. There were no adverse reactions associated with discontinuation in subjects treated with lurasidone hydrochloride that were at least 2% and at least twice the placebo rate. Adverse Reactions Occurring at an Incidence of 2% or More in Lurasidone Hydrochloride -Treated Patients: Adverse reactions associated with the use of lurasidone hydrochloride (incidence of 2% or greater, rounded to the nearest percent and lurasidone hydrochloride incidence greater than placebo) that occurred during acute therapy (up to 6 weeks in patients with bipolar depression) are shown in Table 21 . Table 21: Adverse Reactions in 2% or More of Lurasidone Hydrochloride-Treated Patients and That Occurred at Greater Incidence than in the Placebo-Treated Patients in the Adult Short-term Adjunctive Therapy Bipolar Depression Studies Note: Figures rounded to the nearest integer Percentage of Patients Reporting Reaction Body System or Organ Class Dictionary-derived Term Placebo (N=334) (%) Lurasidone hydrochloride 20 to 120 mg/day (N=360) (%) Gastrointestinal Disorders Nausea 10 14 Vomiting 1 4 General Disorders Fatigue 1 3 Infections and Infestations Nasopharyngitis 2 4 Investigations Weight Increased <1 3 Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders Increased Appetite 1 3 Nervous System Disorders Extrapyramidal Symptoms Extrapyramidal symptoms include adverse event terms: bradykinesia, cogwheel rigidity, drooling, dystonia, extrapyramidal disorder, glabellar reflex abnormal, hypokinesia, muscle rigidity, oculogyric crisis, oromandibular dystonia, parkinsonism, psychomotor retardation, tongue spasm, torticollis, tremor, and trismus 9 14 Somnolence Somnolence includes adverse event terms: hypersomnia, hypersomnolence, sedation, and somnolence 5 11 Akathisia 5 11 Psychiatric Disorders Restlessness <1 4 Adolescents Schizophrenia The following findings are based on the short-term, placebo-controlled adolescent study for schizophrenia in which lurasidone hydrochloride was administered at daily doses ranging from 40 (N=110) to 80 mg (N=104). Commonly Observed Adverse Reactions : The most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥5% and at least twice the rate of placebo) in adolescent patients (13 to 17 years) treated with lurasidone hydrochloride were somnolence, nausea, akathisia, extrapyramidal symptoms (non-akathisia, 40mg only), vomiting, and rhinorrhea/rhinitis (80mg only). Adverse Reactions Associated with Discontinuation of Treatment: The incidence of discontinuation due to adverse reactions between lurasidone hydrochloride-and placebo-treated adolescent patients (13 to 17 years) was 4% and 8%, respectively. Adverse Reactions Occurring at an Incidence of 2% or More in Lurasidone Hydrochloride -Treated Patients: Adverse reactions associated with the use of lurasidone hydrochloride (incidence of 2% or greater, rounded to the nearest percent and lurasidone hydrochloride incidence greater than placebo) that occurred during acute therapy (up to 6-weeks in adolescent patients with schizophrenia) are shown in Table 22 . Table 22: Adverse Reactions in 2% or More of Lurasidone Hydrochloride Treated Patients and That Occurred at Greater Incidence than in the Placebo-Treated Patients in the Adolescent Short-term Schizophrenia Study Percentage of Patients Reporting Reaction Body System or Organ Class Dictionary-derived Term Placebo (N=112) Lurasidone hydrochloride 40 mg/day (N=110) Lurasidone hydrochloride 80 mg/day (N=104) All Lurasidone hydrochloride (N=214) Gastrointestinal Disorders Nausea 3 13 14 14 Vomiting 2 8 6 8 Diarrhea 1 3 5 4 Dry Mouth 0 2 3 2 Infections and Infestations Viral Infection** 6 11 10 10 Rhinitis*** 2 <1 8 4 Oropharyngeal pain 0 <1 3 2 Tachycardia 0 0 3 1 Nervous System Disorders Somnolence* 7 15 13 15 Akathisia 2 9 9 9 Dizziness 1 5 5 5 Note: Figures rounded to the nearest integer * Somnolence includes adverse event terms: hypersomnia, sedation, and somnolence ** Viral Infection includes adverse event terms: nasopharyngitis, influenza, viral infection, upper respiratory tract infection *** Rhinitis incudes adverse event terms: rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, rhinorrhea, and nasal congestion Pediatric Patients (10 to 17 years) Bipolar Depression The following findings are based on the 6-week, placebo-controlled study for bipolar depression in pediatric patients 10 to 17 years in which lurasidone hydrochloride was administered at daily doses ranging from 20 to 80 mg (N=175). Commonly Observed Adverse Reactions: The most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥5%, and at least twice the rate of placebo) in pediatric patients (10 to 17 years) treated with lurasidone hydrochloride were nausea, weight increase, and insomnia. Adverse Reactions Associated with Discontinuation of Treatment: The incidence of discontinuation due to adverse reactions between lurasidone hydrochloride and placebo-treated pediatric patients 10 to 17 years was 2% and 2%, respectively. Adverse Reactions Occurring at an Incidence of 2% or More in Lurasidone Hydrochloride -Treated Patients: Adverse reactions associated with the use of lurasidone hydrochloride (incidence of 2% or greater, rounded to the nearest percent and lurasidone hydrochloride incidence greater than placebo) that occurred during acute therapy (up to 6 weeks in pediatric patients with bipolar depression) are shown in Table 23 . Table 23: Adverse Reactions in 2% or More of Lurasidone Hydrochloride -Treated Patients and That Occurred at Greater Incidence than in the Placebo-Treated Patients in the 6- Week Bipolar Depression Study in Pediatric Patients (10 to 17 years) Percentage of Patients Reporting Reaction Body System or Organ Class Dictionary-derived Term Placebo (N=172) Lurasidone hydrochloride 20 to 80 mg/day (N=175) Gastrointestinal Disorders Nausea 6 16 Vomiting 4 6 Abdominal Pain Upper 2 3 Diarrhea 2 3 Abdominal Pain 1 3 General Disorders And Administration Site Conditions Fatigue 2 3 Investigations Weight Increased 2 7 Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders Decreased Appetite 2 4 Nervous System Disorders Somnolence* 6 11 Extrapyramidal symptoms** 5 6 Dizziness 5 6 Psychiatric Disorders Insomnia 2 5 Abnormal Dreams 2 2 Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders Oropharyngeal Pain 2 2 Note: Figures rounded to the nearest integer *Somnolence includes adverse event terms: hypersomnia, hypersomnolence, sedation, and somnolence **EPS includes adverse event terms: akathisia, cogwheel rigidity, dyskinesia, dystonia, hyperkinesia, joint stiffness, muscle rigidity, muscle spasms, musculoskeletal stiffness, oculogyric crisis, parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia, and tremor Extrapyramidal Symptoms Schizophrenia Adults In the short-term, placebo-controlled schizophrenia studies, for lurasidone hydrochloride-treated patients, the incidence of reported events related to extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), excluding akathisia and restlessness, was 13.5% and 5.8% for placebo-treated patients. The incidence of akathisia for lurasidone hydrochloride-treated patients was 12.9% and 3.0% for placebo-treated patients. Incidence of EPS by dose is provided in Table 24 . Table 24: Incidence of EPS Compared to Placebo in Adult Schizophrenia Studies Note: Figures rounded to the nearest integer * Dystonia includes adverse event terms: dystonia, oculogyric crisis, oromandibular dystonia, tongue spasm, torticollis, and trismus ** Parkinsonism includes adverse event terms: bradykinesia, cogwheel rigidity, drooling, extrapyramidal disorder, hypokinesia, muscle rigidity, parkinsonism, psychomotor retardation, and tremor Lurasidone hydrochloride Adverse Event Term Placebo (N=708) (%) 20 mg/day (N=71) (%) 40 mg/day (N=487) (%) 80 mg/day (N=538) (%) 120 mg/day (N=291) (%) 160 mg/day (N=121) (%) All EPS events 9 10 21 23 39 20 All EPS events, excluding Akathisia/Restlessness 6 6 11 12 22 13 Akathisia 3 6 11 12 22 7 Dystonia* <1 0 4 5 7 2 Parkinsonism** 5 6 9 8 17 11 Restlessness 1 1 3 1 3 2 Adolescents In the short-term, placebo-controlled, study of schizophrenia in adolescents, the incidence of EPS, excluding events related to akathisia, for lurasidone hydrochloride-treated patients was higher in the 40 mg (10%) and the 80 mg (7.7%) treatment groups vs. placebo (3.6%); and the incidence of akathisia-related events for lurasidone hydrochloride-treated patients was 8.9% vs. 1.8% for placebo-treated patients. Incidence of EPS by dose is provided in Table 25 . Table 25: Incidence of EPS Compared to Placebo in the Adolescent Schizophrenia Study Lurasidone hydrochloride Adverse Event Term Placebo (N=112) (%) 40 mg/day (N=110) (%) 80 mg/day (N=104) (%) All EPS events 5 14 14 All EPS events, excluding Akathisia/Restlessness 4 7 7 Akathisia 2 9 9 Parkinsonism** <1 4 0 Dyskinesia <1 <1 1 Dystonia* 0 <1 1 Note: Figures rounded to the nearest integer * Dystonia includes adverse event terms: dystonia, trismus, oculogyric crisis, oromandibular dystonia, tongue spasm, and torticollis ** Parkinsonism includes adverse event terms: bradykinesia, drooling, extrapyramidal disorder, glabellar reflex abnormal, hypokinesia, parkinsonism, and psychomotor retardation Bipolar Depression Adults Monotherapy In the adult short-term, placebo-controlled monotherapy bipolar depression study, for lurasidone hydrochloride-treated patients, the incidence of reported events related to EPS, excluding akathisia and restlessness was 6.9% and 2.4% for placebo-treated patients. The incidence of akathisia for lurasidone hydrochloride-treated patients was 9.4% and 2.4% for placebo-treated patients. Incidence of EPS by dose groups is provided in Table 26 . Table 26: Incidence of EPS Compared to Placebo in the Adult Monotherapy Bipolar Depression Study Lurasidone hydrochloride Adverse Event Term Placebo (N=168) (%) 20 to 60 mg/day (N=164) (%) 80 to 120 mg/day (N=167) (%) All EPS events 5 12 20 All EPS events, excluding Akathisia/Restlessness 2 5 9 Note: Figures rounded to the nearest integer Akathisia 2 8 11 Dystonia Dystonia includes adverse event terms: dystonia, oculogyric crisis, oromandibular dystonia, tongue spasm, torticollis, and trismus 0 0 2 Parkinsonism Parkinsonism includes adverse event terms: bradykinesia, cogwheel rigidity, drooling, extrapyramidal disorder, glabellar reflex abnormal, hypokinesia, muscle rigidity, parkinsonism, psychomotor retardation, and tremor 2 5 8 Restlessness <1 0 3 Adjunctive Therapy with Lithium or Valproate In the adult short-term, placebo-controlled adjunctive therapy bipolar depression studies, for lurasidone hydrochloride-treated patients, the incidence of EPS, excluding akathisia and restlessness, was 13.9% and 8.7% for placebo. The incidence of akathisia for lurasidone hydrochloride-treated patients was 10.8% and 4.8% for placebo-treated patients. Incidence of EPS is provided in Table 27 . Table 27: Incidence of EPS Compared to Placebo in the Adult Adjunctive Therapy Bipolar Depression Studies Adverse Event Term Placebo (N=334) (%) Lurasidone hydrochloride 20 to 120 mg/day (N=360) (%) All EPS events 13 24 All EPS events, excluding Akathisia/Restlessness 9 14 Note: Figures rounded to the nearest integer Akathisia 5 11 Dystonia Dystonia includes adverse event terms: dystonia, oculogyric crisis, oromandibular dystonia, tongue spasm, torticollis, and trismus <1 1 Parkinsonism Parkinsonism includes adverse event terms: bradykinesia, cogwheel rigidity, drooling, extrapyramidal disorder, glabellar reflex abnormal, hypokinesia, muscle rigidity, parkinsonism, psychomotor retardation, and tremor 8 13 Restlessness <1 4 In the short-term, placebo-controlled schizophrenia and bipolar depression studies, data was objectively collected on the Simpson Angus Rating Scale (SAS) for extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), the Barnes Akathisia Scale (BAS) for akathisia and the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) for dyskinesias. Pediatric Patients (10 to 17 years) In the 6-week, placebo-controlled study of bipolar depression in pediatric patients 10 to 17 years, the incidence of EPS, excluding events related to akathisia, for lurasidone hydrochloride treated patients was similar in the lurasidone hydrochloride 20 to 80 mg/day (3.4%) treatment group vs. placebo (3.5%); and the incidence of akathisia-related events for lurasidone hydrochloride treated patients was 2.9% vs. 3.5% for placebo-treated patients. Incidence of EPS by dose is provided in Table 28 . Table 28: Incidence of EPS Compared to Placebo in the Bipolar Depression Study in Pediatric Patients (10 to 17 years) Adverse Event Term Placebo (N=172) (%) Lurasidone hydrochloride 20 to 80 mg/day (N=175) (%) All EPS events* 5 6 All EPS events, excluding Akathisia/Restlessness 4 3 Akathisia 4 3 Parkinsonism** <1 <1 Dystonia*** 1 <1 Salivary hypersecretion <1 <1 Psychomotor hyperactivity 0 <1 Tardive Dyskinesia <1 0 Note: Figures rounded to the nearest integer * EPS include adverse event terms: akathisia, cogwheel rigidity, dyskinesia, dystonia, hyperkinesia, joint stiffness, muscle rigidity, muscle spasms, musculoskeletal stiffness, oculogyric crisis, parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia, and tremor ** Parkinsonism includes adverse event terms: bradykinesia, drooling, extrapyramidal disorder, glabellar reflex abnormal, hypokinesia, parkinsonism, and psychomotor retardation ***Dystonia includes adverse event terms: dystonia, oculogyric crisis, oromandibular dystonia, tongue spasm, torticollis, and trismus Schizophrenia Adults The mean change from baseline for lurasidone hydrochloride-treated patients for the SAS, BAS and AIMS was comparable to placebo-treated patients, with the exception of the Barnes Akathisia Scale global score (lurasidone hydrochloride, 0.1; placebo, 0.0). The percentage of patients who shifted from normal to abnormal was greater in lurasidone hydrochloride-treated patients and placebo for the BAS (lurasidone hydrochloride, 14.4%; placebo, 7.1%), the SAS (lurasidone hydrochloride, 5.0%; placebo, 2.3%) and the AIMS (lurasidone hydrochloride, 7.4%; placebo, 5.8%). Adolescents The mean change from baseline for lurasidone hydrochloride-treated patients with adolescent schizophrenia for the SAS, BAS and AIMS was comparable to placebo-treated patients. The percentage of patients who shifted from normal to abnormal was greater in lurasidone hydrochloride -treated patients and placebo for the BAS (lurasidone hydrochloride, 7.0%; placebo, 1.8%), the SAS (lurasidone hydrochloride, 8.3%; placebo, 2.7%) and the AIMS (lurasidone hydrochloride, 2.8%; placebo, 0.9%). Bipolar Depression Adults Monotherapy The mean change from baseline for lurasidone hydrochloride-treated adult patients for the SAS, BAS and AIMS was comparable to placebo-treated patients. The percentage of patients who shifted from normal to abnormal was greater in lurasidone hydrochloride-treated patients and placebo for the BAS (lurasidone hydrochloride, 8.4%; placebo, 5.6%), the SAS (lurasidone hydrochloride, 3.7%; placebo, 1.9%) and the AIMS (lurasidone hydrochloride, 3.4%; placebo, 1.2%). Adjunctive Therapy with Lithium or Valproate The mean change from baseline for lurasidone hydrochloride-treated adult patients for the SAS, BAS and AIMS was comparable to placebo-treated patients. The percentage of patients who shifted from normal to abnormal was greater in lurasidone hydrochloride-treated patients and placebo for the BAS (lurasidone hydrochloride, 8.7%; placebo, 2.1%), the SAS (lurasidone hydrochloride, 2.8%; placebo, 2.1%) and the AIMS (lurasidone hydrochloride, 2.8%; placebo, 0.6%). Pediatric Patients (10 to 17 years) In the 6-week, placebo-controlled bipolar depression study in pediatric patients 10 to 17 years, dystonia occurred in 0.6% of lurasidone hydrochloride-treated patients compared to 1.2% of patients receiving placebo. No patients discontinued the clinical study due to dystonic events. Dystonia Class Effect: Symptoms of dystonia, prolonged abnormal contractions of muscle groups, may occur in susceptible individuals during the first few days of treatment. Dystonic symptoms include: spasm of the neck muscles, sometimes progressing to tightness of the throat, swallowing difficulty, difficulty breathing, and/or protrusion of the tongue. While these symptoms can occur at low doses, they occur more frequently and with greater severity with high potency and at higher doses of first-generation antipsychotic drugs. An elevated risk of acute dystonia is observed in males and younger age groups. Schizophrenia Adults In the short-term, placebo-controlled schizophrenia clinical studies, dystonia occurred in 4.2% of lurasidone hydrochloride -treated subjects (0.0% lurasidone hydrochloride 20 mg, 3.5% lurasidone hydrochloride 40 mg, 4.5% lurasidone hydrochloride 80 mg, 6.5% lurasidone hydrochloride 120 mg and 2.5% lurasidone hydrochloride 160 mg) compared to 0.8% of subjects receiving placebo. Seven subjects (0.5%, 7/1508) discontinued clinical trials due to dystonic events – four were receiving lurasidone hydrochloride 80 mg/day and three were receiving lurasidone hydrochloride 120 mg/day. Adolescents In the short-term, placebo-controlled, adolescent schizophrenia study, dystonia occurred in 1% of lurasidone hydrochloride-treated patients (1% lurasidone hydrochloride 40 mg and 1% lurasidone hydrochloride 80 mg) compared to 0% of patients receiving placebo. No patients discontinued the clinical study due to dystonic events. Bipolar Depression Adults Monotherapy In the adult short-term, flexible-dose, placebo-controlled monotherapy bipolar depression study, dystonia occurred in 0.9% of lurasidone hydrochloride-treated subjects (0.0% and 1.8% for lurasidone hydrochloride 20 to 60 mg/day and lurasidone hydrochloride 80 to 120 mg/day, respectively) compared to 0.0% of subjects receiving placebo. No subject discontinued the clinical study due to dystonic events. Adjunctive Therapy with Lithium or Valproate In the adult short-term, flexible-dose, placebo-controlled adjunctive therapy bipolar depression studies, dystonia occurred in 1.1% of lurasidone hydrochloride-treated subjects (20 to 120 mg) compared to 0.6% of subjects receiving placebo. No subject discontinued the clinical study due to dystonic events. Pediatric Patients (10 to 17 years) In the 6-week, placebo-controlled bipolar depression study in pediatric patients 10 to 17 years, dystonia occurred in 0.6% of lurasidone hydrochloride-treated patients compared to 1.2% of patients receiving placebo. No patients discontinued the clinical study due to dystonic events. Other Adverse Reactions Observed During the Premarketing Evaluation of lurasidone hydrochloride Following is a list of adverse reactions reported by adult patients treated with lurasidone hydrochloride at multiple doses of ≥ 20 mg once daily within the premarketing database of 2905 patients with schizophrenia. The reactions listed are those that could be of clinical importance, as well as reactions that are plausibly drug-related on pharmacologic or other grounds. Reactions listed in Table 19 or those that appear elsewhere in the lurasidone hydrochloride label are not included. Reactions are further categorized by organ class and listed in order of decreasing frequency according to the following definitions: those occurring in at least 1/100 patients (frequent) (only those not already listed in the tabulated results from placebo-controlled studies appear in this listing); those occurring in 1/100 to 1/1000 patients (infrequent); and those occurring in fewer than 1/1000 patients (rare). Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders: Infrequent: anemia Cardiac Disorders: Frequent: tachycardia; Infrequent: AV block 1st degree, angina pectoris, bradycardia Ear and Labyrinth Disorders: Infrequent: vertigo Eye Disorders: Frequent: blurred vision Gastrointestinal Disorders: Frequent: abdominal pain, diarrhea; Infrequent: gastritis General Disorders and Administrative Site Conditions: Rare: sudden death Investigations: Frequent: CPK increased Metabolism and Nutritional System Disorders: Frequent: decreased appetite Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders: Rare: rhabdomyolysis Nervous System Disorders: Infrequent: cerebrovascular accident, dysarthria Psychiatric Disorders: Infrequent: abnormal dreams, panic attack, sleep disorder Renal and Urinary Disorders: Infrequent: dysuria; Rare: renal failure Reproductive System and Breast Disorders: Infrequent: amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea; Rare: breast enlargement, breast pain, galactorrhea, erectile dysfunction, priapism Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: Frequent: rash, pruritus; Rare: angioedema Vascular Disorders: Frequent: hypertension Clinical Laboratory Changes Schizophrenia Adults Serum Creatinine : In short-term, placebo-controlled trials, the mean change from Baseline in serum creatinine was +0.05 mg/dL for lurasidone hydrochloride-treated patients compared to +0.02 mg/dL for placebo-treated patients. A creatinine shift from normal to high occurred in 3.0% (43/1453) of lurasidone hydrochloride-treated patients and 1.6% (11/681) on placebo. The threshold for high creatinine value varied from > 0.79 to > 1.3 mg/dL based on the centralized laboratory definition for each study ( Table 29 ). Table 29: Serum Creatinine Shifts from Normal at Baseline to High at Study End-Point in Adult Schizophrenia Studies Laboratory Parameter Placebo (N=708) Lurasidone hydrochloride 20 mg/day (N=71) Lurasidone hydrochloride 40 mg/day (N=487) Lurasidone hydrochloride 80 mg/day (N=538) Lurasidone hydrochloride 120 mg/day (N=291) Lurasidone hydrochloride 160 mg/day (N=121) Serum Creatinine Elevated 2% 1% 2% 2% 5% 7% Adolescents Serum Creatinine : In the short-term, placebo-controlled, adolescent schizophrenia study, the mean change from Baseline in serum creatinine was -0.009 mg/dL for lurasidone hydrochloride treated patients compared to +0.017 mg/dL for placebo-treated patients. A creatinine shift from normal to high (based on the centralized laboratory definition) occurred in 7.2% (14/194) of lurasidone hydrochloride treated patients and 2.9% (3/103) on placebo Table 30 . Table 30: Serum Creatinine Shifts from Normal at Baseline to High at Study End-Point in the Adolescent Schizophrenia Study Laboratory Parameter Placebo (N=103) Lurasidone hydrochloride 40 mg/day (N=97) Lurasidone hydrochloride 80 mg/day (N=97) Serum Creatinine Elevated 2.9% 7.2% 7.2% Bipolar Depression Adults Monotherapy Serum Creatinine : In the adult short-term, flexible-dose, placebo-controlled monotherapy bipolar depression study, the mean change from Baseline in serum creatinine was +0.01 mg/dL for lurasidone hydrochloride-treated patients compared to -0.02 mg/dL for placebo-treated patients. A creatinine shift from normal to high occurred in 2.8% (9/322) of lurasidone hydrochloride-treated patients and 0.6% (1/162) on placebo ( Table 31 ). Table 31: Serum Creatinine Shifts from Normal at Baseline to High at Study End-Point in the Adult Monotherapy Bipolar Depression Study Laboratory Parameter Placebo (N=168) Lurasidone hydrochloride 20 to 60 mg/day (N=164) Lurasidone hydrochloride 80 to 120 mg/day (N=167) Serum Creatinine Elevated <1% 2% 4% Adjunctive Therapy with Lithium or Valproate Serum Creatinine : In adult short-term, placebo-controlled premarketing adjunctive studies for bipolar depression, the mean change from Baseline in serum creatinine was +0.04 mg/dL for lurasidone hydrochloride-treated patients compared to -0.01 mg/dL for placebo-treated patients. A creatinine shift from normal to high occurred in 4.3% (15/360) of lurasidone hydrochloride-treated patients and 1.6% (5/334) on placebo ( Table 32 ). Table 32: Serum Creatinine Shifts from Normal at Baseline to High at Study End-Point in the Adult Adjunctive Therapy Bipolar Depression Studies Laboratory Parameter Placebo (N=334) Lurasidone hydrochloride 20 to 120 mg/day (N=360) Serum Creatinine Elevated 2% 4% Pediatric Patients (10 to 17 years) Serum Creatinine : In the 6-week, placebo-controlled bipolar depression study in pediatric patients 10 to 17 years, the mean change from Baseline in serum creatinine was +0.021 mg/dL for lurasidone hydrochloride -treated patients compared to +0.009 mg/dL for placebo-treated patients. A creatinine shift from normal to high (based on the centralized laboratory definition) occurred in 6.7% (11/163) of lurasidone hydrochloride -treated patients and 4.5% (7/155) on placebo ( Table 33 ) Table 33: Serum Creatinine Shifts from Normal at Baseline to High at Study End-Point in the Bipolar Depression Study in Pediatric Patients (10 to 17 years) Laboratory Parameter Placebo (N=155) Lurasidone hydrochloride 20 to 80 mg/day (N=163) Serum Creatinine Elevated 4.5% 6.7% Pediatric Patients (6 to 17 years) In a 104-week, open-label study in pediatric patients with schizophrenia, bipolar depression, or autistic disorder, the mean change from baseline to Week 104 in serum creatinine was +0.07 mg/dL. In patients with a normal serum creatinine at baseline, 6% experienced a shift to high at endpoint. 6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of lurasidone hydrochloride. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Hypersensitivity Reactions: Urticaria, throat swelling, tongue swelling, dyspnea and rash. Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders: Hyponatremia.