FDA label 3b150fff-e0b3-e5ab-e063-6394a90aaa26

WARNING: SERIOUS SKIN RASHES Lamotrigine tablets can cause serious rashes requiring hospitalization and discontinuation of treatment. The incidence of these rashes, which have included Stevens-Johnson syndrome, is approximately 0.3% to 0.8% in pediatric patients (aged 2 to 17 years) and 0.08% to 0.3% in adults receiving lamotrigine tablets. One rash-related death was reported in a prospectively followed cohort of 1,983 pediatric patients (aged 2 to 16 years) with epilepsy taking lamotrigine tablets as adjunctive therapy. In worldwide postmarketing experience, rare cases of toxic epidermal necrolysis and/or rash-related death have been reported in adult and pediatric patients, but their numbers are too few to permit a precise estimate of the rate. Other than age, there are as yet no factors identified that are known to predict the risk of occurrence or the severity of rash caused by lamotrigine tablets. There are suggestions, yet to be proven, that the risk of rash may also be increased by (1) coadministration of lamotrigine tablets with valproate (includes valproic acid and divalproex sodium), (2) exceeding the recommended initial dose of lamotrigine tablets, or (3) exceeding the recommended dose escalation for lamotrigine tablets. However, cases have occurred in the absence of these factors. Nearly all cases of life-threatening rashes caused by lamotrigine tablets have occurred within 2 to 8 weeks of treatment initiation. However, isolated cases have occurred after prolonged treatment (e.g., 6 months). Accordingly, duration of therapy cannot be relied upon as means to predict the potential risk heralded by the first appearance of a rash. Although benign rashes are also caused by lamotrigine tablets, it is not possible to predict reliably which rashes will prove to be serious or life threatening. Accordingly, lamotrigine tablets should ordinarily be discontinued at the first sign of rash, unless the rash is clearly not drug related. Discontinuation of treatment may not prevent a rash from becoming life threatening or permanently disabling or disfiguring [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ]. WARNING: SERIOUS SKIN RASHES See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. • Cases of life-threatening serious rashes, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis, and/or rash-related death have been caused by lamotrigine. The rate of serious rash is greater in pediatric patients than in adults. Additional factors that may increase the risk of rash include: • coadministration with valproate. • exceeding recommended initial dose of lamotrigine tablets. • exceeding recommended dose escalation for lamotrigine tablets ( 5.1 ) • Benign rashes are also caused by lamotrigine; however, it is not possible to predict which rashes will prove to be serious or life-threatening. Lamotrigine tablets should be discontinued at the first sign of rash, unless the rash is clearly not drug related. ( 5.1 )

5.4 Cardiac Rhythm and Conduction Abnormalities In vitro testing showed that lamotrigine exhibits Class IB antiarrhythmic activity at therapeutically relevant concentrations [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.2 )] . Based on these invitro findings, lamotrigine could slow ventricular conduction (widen QRS) and induce proarrhythmia, which can lead to sudden death, in patients with clinically important structural or functional heart disease (i.e., patients with heart failure, valvular heart disease, congenital heart disease, conduction system disease, ventricular arrhythmias, cardiac channelopathies [e.g.,Brugada syndrome], clinically important ischemic heart disease, or multiple risk factors for coronary artery disease). Any expected or observed benefit of lamotrigine in an individual patient with clinically important structural or functional heart disease must be carefully weighed against the risks for serious arrythmias and/or death for that patient. Concomitant use of other sodium channel blockers may further increase the risk of proarrhythmia.

5.5 Blood Dyscrasias There have been reports of blood dyscrasias that may or may not be associated with multiorgan hypersensitivity (also known as DRESS) [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3) ] . These have included neutropenia, leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia, and, rarely, aplastic anemia and pure red cell aplasia.

5.6 Suicidal Behavior and Ideation AEDs, including lamotrigine tablets, increase the risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior in patients taking these drugs for any indication. Patients treated with any AED for any indication should be monitored for the emergence or worsening of depression, suicidal thoughts or behavior, and/or any unusual changes in mood or behavior. ; Pooled analyses of 199 placebo-controlled clinical trials (monotherapy and adjunctive therapy) of 11 different AEDs showed that patients randomized to 1 of the AEDs had approximately twice the risk (adjusted Relative Risk 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2, 2.7) of suicidal thinking or behavior compared with patients randomized to placebo. In these trials, which had a median treatment duration of 12 weeks, the estimated incidence of suicidal behavior or ideation among 27,863 AED-treated patients was 0.43%, compared with 0.24% among 16,029 placebo-treated patients, representing an increase of approximately 1 case of suicidal thinking or behavior for every 530 patients treated. There were 4 suicides in drug-treated patients in the trials and none in placebo-treated patients, but the number of events is too small to allow any conclusion about drug effect on suicide. ; The increased risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior with AEDs was observed as early as 1 week after starting treatment with AEDs and persisted for the duration of treatment assessed. Because most trials included in the analysis did not extend beyond 24 weeks, the risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior beyond 24 weeks could not be assessed. ; The risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior was generally consistent among drugs in the data analyzed. The finding of increased risk with AEDs of varying mechanism of action and across a range of indications suggests that the risk applies to all AEDs used for any indication. The risk did not vary substantially by age (5 to 100 years) in the clinical trials analyzed. ; Table 7 shows absolute and relative risk by indication for all evaluated AEDs. Table 7. Risk by Indication for Antiepileptic Drugs in the Pooled Analysis Indication Placebo Patients with Events per 1,000 Patients Drug Patients with Events per 1,000 Patients Relative Risk: Incidence of Events in Drug Patients/ Incidence in Placebo Patients Risk Difference: Additional Drug Patients with Events per 1,000 Patients Epilepsy 1.0 3.4 3.5 2.4 Psychiatric 5.7 8.5 1.5 2.9 Other 1.0 1.8 1.9 0.9 Total 2.4 4.3 1.8 1.9 The relative risk for suicidal thoughts or behavior was higher in clinical trials for epilepsy than in clinical trials for psychiatric or other conditions, but the absolute risk differences were similar for the epilepsy and psychiatric indications. ; Anyone considering prescribing lamotrigine tablets or any other AED must balance the risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior with the risk of untreated illness. Epilepsy and many other illnesses for which AEDs are prescribed are themselves associated with morbidity and mortality and an increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior. Should suicidal thoughts and behavior emerge during treatment, the prescriber needs to consider whether the emergence of these symptoms in any given patient may be related to the illness being treated. ; Patients, their caregivers, and families should be informed that AEDs increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior and should be advised of the need to be alert for the emergence or worsening of the signs and symptoms of depression, any unusual changes in mood or behavior, the emergence of suicidal thoughts or suicidal behavior, or thoughts about self-harm. Behaviors of concern should be reported immediately to healthcare providers.

5.8 Potential Medication Errors Medication errors involving lamotrigine tablets have occurred. In particular, the name lamotrigine can be confused with the names of other commonly used medications. Medication errors may also occur between the different formulations of lamotrigine tablets. To reduce the potential of medication errors, write and say lamotrigine tablets clearly. Depictions of the lamotrigine tablets can be found in the Medication Guide that accompanies the product to highlight the distinctive markings, colors, and shapes that serve to identify the different presentations of the drug and thus may help reduce the risk of medication errors. To avoid the medication error of using the wrong drug or formulation, patients should be strongly advised to visually inspect their tablets to verify that they are lamotrigine tablets, as well as the correct formulation of lamotrigine, each time they fill their prescription.

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following serious adverse reactions are described in more detail in the Warnings and Precautions section of the labeling: • Serious skin rashes [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] • Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] • Multiorgan Hypersensitivity Reactions and Organ Failure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] • Cardiac Rhythm and Conduction Abnormalities [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4 )] • Blood Dyscrasias [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] • Suicidal Behavior and Ideation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] • Aseptic Meningitis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] • Withdrawal Seizures [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10) ] • Status Epilepticus [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11) ] • Sudden Unexplained Death in Epilepsy [see Warnings and Precautions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12) ] • Epilepsy : Most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥10%) in adults were dizziness, headache, diplopia, ataxia, nausea, blurred vision, somnolence, rhinitis, pharyngitis, and rash. Additional adverse reactions (incidence ≥10%) reported in children included vomiting, infection, fever, accidental injury, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and tremor. (6.1) • Bipolar disorder : Most common adverse reactions (incidence >5%) in adults were nausea, insomnia, somnolence, back pain, fatigue, rash, rhinitis, abdominal pain, and xerostomia. (6.1) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Advagen Pharma Limited, at 888-413-0949 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch . 6.1 Clinical Trial Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared with rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.; Epilepsy Most Common Adverse Reactions; in All Clinical Trials: Adjunctive Therapy in Adults with Epilepsy: The most commonly observed (≥5% for lamotrigine tablets and more common on drug than placebo) adverse reactions seen in association with lamotrigine tablets during adjunctive therapy in adults and not seen at an equivalent frequency among placebo-treated patients were: dizziness, ataxia, somnolence, headache, diplopia, blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, and rash. Dizziness, diplopia, ataxia, blurred vision, nausea, and vomiting were dose related. Dizziness, diplopia, ataxia, and blurred vision occurred more commonly in patients receiving carbamazepine with lamotrigine tablets than in patients receiving other AEDs with lamotrigine tablets. Clinical data suggest a higher incidence of rash, including serious rash, in patients receiving concomitant valproate than in patients not receiving valproate; [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] .; Approximately 11% of the 3,378 adult patients who received lamotrigine tablets as adjunctive therapy in premarketing clinical trials discontinued treatment because of an adverse reaction. The adverse reactions most commonly associated with discontinuation were rash (3.0%), dizziness (2.8%), and headache (2.5%). In a dose-response trial in adults, the rate of discontinuation of lamotrigine tablets for dizziness, ataxia, diplopia, blurred vision, nausea, and vomiting was dose related. Monotherapy in Adults with Epilepsy: The most commonly observed (≥5% for lamotrigine tablets and more common on drug than placebo) adverse reactions seen in association with the use of lamotrigine tablets during the monotherapy phase of the controlled trial in adults not seen at an equivalent rate in the control group were vomiting, coordination abnormality, dyspepsia, nausea, dizziness, rhinitis, anxiety, insomnia, infection, pain, weight decrease, chest pain, and dysmenorrhea. The most commonly observed (≥5% for lamotrigine tablets and more common on drug than placebo) adverse reactions associated with the use of lamotrigine tablets during the conversion to monotherapy (add-on) period, not seen at an equivalent frequency among low-dose valproate-treated patients, were dizziness, headache, nausea, asthenia, coordination abnormality, vomiting, rash, somnolence, diplopia, ataxia, accidental injury, tremor, blurred vision, insomnia, nystagmus, diarrhea, lymphadenopathy, pruritus, and sinusitis. ; Approximately 10% of the 420 adult patients who received lamotrigine tablets as monotherapy in premarketing clinical trials discontinued treatment because of an adverse reaction. The adverse reactions most commonly associated with discontinuation were rash (4.5%), headache (3.1%), and asthenia (2.4%).; Adjunctive Therapy in Pediatric Patients with Epilepsy: The most commonly observed (≥5% for lamotrigine tablets and more common on drug than placebo) adverse reactions seen in association with the use of lamotrigine tablets as adjunctive treatment in pediatric patients aged 2 to 16 years and not seen at an equivalent rate in the control group were infection, vomiting, rash, fever, somnolence, accidental injury, dizziness, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, ataxia, tremor, asthenia, bronchitis, flu syndrome, and diplopia. In 339 patients aged 2 to 16 years with partial-onset seizures or generalized seizures of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, 4.2% of patients on lamotrigine tablets and 2.9% of patients on placebo discontinued due to adverse reactions. The most commonly reported adverse reaction that led to discontinuation of lamotrigine tablets was rash.; Approximately 11.5% of the 1,081 pediatric patients aged 2 to 16 years who received lamotrigine tablets as adjunctive therapy in premarketing clinical trials discontinued treatment because of an adverse reaction. The adverse reactions most commonly associated with discontinuation were rash (4.4%), reaction aggravated (1.7%), and ataxia (0.6%).; Controlled Adjunctive Clinical Trials in Adults with Epilepsy: Table 8 lists adverse reactions that occurred in adult patients with epilepsy treated with lamotrigine tablets in placebo-controlled trials. In these trials, either lamotrigine tablets or placebo was added to the patient's current AED therapy. Table 8. Adverse Reactions in Pooled, Placebo-Controlled Adjunctive Trials in Adult Patients with Epilepsy a.b Body System/Adverse Reaction Percent of Patients Receiving Adjunctive Lamotrigine Tablets (n=711) Percent of Patients Receiving Adjunctive Placebo (n-419) Body as a whole ;Headache 29 19 ;Flu syndrome 7 6 ;Fever 6 4 ;Abdominal pain 5 4 ;Neck pain 2 1 ;Reaction aggravated (seizure exacerbation) 2 1 Digestive ;Nausea 19 10 ;Vomiting 9 4 ;Diarrhea 6 4 ;Dyspepsia 5 2 ;Constipation 4 3 ;Anorexia 2 1 Musculoskeletal ;Arthralgia 2 0 Nervous ;Dizziness 38 13 ;Ataxia 22 6 ;Somnolence 14 7 ;Incoordination 6 2 ;Insomnia 6 2 ;Tremor 4 1 ;Depression 4 3 ;Anxiety 4 3 ;Convulsion 3 1 ;Irritability 3 2 ;Speech disorder 3 0 ;Concentration disturbance 2 1 Respiratory ;Rhinitis 14 9 ;Pharyngitis 10 9 ;Cough increased 8 6 Skin and appendages ;Rash 10 5 ;Pruritus 3 2 Special senses ;Diplopia 28 7 ;Blurred vision 16 5 ;Vision abnormality 3 1 Urogenital ;Female patients only (n = 365) (n = 207) ;Dysmenorrhea 7 6 ;Vaginitis 4 1 ;Amenorrhea 2 1 a ;Adverse reactions that occurred in at least 2% of patients treated with lamotrigine and at a greater incidence than placebo. b Patients in these adjunctive trials were receiving 1 to 3 of the concomitant antiepileptic drugs carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, or primidone in addition to lamotrigine or placebo. Patients may have reported multiple adverse reactions during the trial or at discontinuation; thus, patients may be included in more than 1 category. In a randomized, parallel trial comparing placebo with 300 and 500 mg/day of lamotrigine tablets, some of the more common drug-related adverse reactions were dose related (see Table 9). Table 9. Dose-Related Adverse Reactions from a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Adjunctive;Trial in Adults with Epilepsy Percent of Patients Experiencing Adverse Reactions Adverse Reaction Placebo (n=73) Lamotrigine Tablets 300 mg (n=71) Lamotrigine Tablets 500 mg (n=72) Ataxia 10 10 28 a, b Blurred vision 10 11 25 a, b Diplopia 8 24 a 49 a, b Dizziness 27 31 54 a, b Nausea 11 18 25 a Vomiting 4 11 18 a a Significantly greater than placebo group ( P <0.05). b Significantly greater than group receiving lamotrigine tablets 300 mg ( P <0.05). The overall adverse reaction profile for lamotrigine tablets was similar between females and males and was independent of age. Because the largest non-Caucasian racial subgroup was only 6% of patients exposed to lamotrigine tablets in placebo-controlled trials, there are insufficient data to support a statement regarding the distribution of adverse reaction reports by race. Generally, females receiving either lamotrigine tablets as adjunctive therapy or placebo were more likely to report adverse reactions than males. The only adverse reaction for which the reports on lamotrigine tablets were greater than 10% more frequent in females than males (without a corresponding difference by gender on placebo) was dizziness (difference = 16.5%). There was little difference between females and males in the rates of discontinuation of lamotrigine tablets for individual adverse reactions. Controlled Monotherapy Trial in Adults with Partial-Onset Seizures: Table 10 lists adverse reactions that occurred in patients with epilepsy treated with monotherapy with lamotrigine tablets in a double-blind trial following discontinuation of either concomitant carbamazepine or phenytoin not seen at an equivalent frequency in the control group. Table 10. Adverse Reactions in a Controlled Monotherapy Trial in Adult Patients with Partial-Onset Seizures a,b Body System/Adverse Reaction Percent of Patients Receiving Lamotrigine Tablets c as Monotherapy (n = 43) Percent of Patients Receiving Low-Dose Valproate d Monotherapy (n = 44) Body as a whole ;Pain 5 0 ;Infection 5 2 ;Chest pain 5 2 Digestive ;Vomiting 9 0 ;Dyspepsia 7 2 ;Nausea 7 2 Metabolic and nutritional ;Weight decrease 5 2 Nervous ;Coordination abnormality 7 0 ;Dizziness 7 0 ;Anxiety 5 0 ;Insomnia 5 2 Respiratory ;Rhinitis 7 2 Urogenital (female patients only) (n = 21) (n = 28) ;Dysmenorrhea 5 0 a Adverse reactions that occurred in at least 5% of patients treated with lamotrigine and at a greater incidence than valproate-treated patients. b Patients in this trial were converted to lamotrigine or valproate monotherapy from adjunctive therapy with carbamazepine or phenytoin. Patients may have reported multiple adverse reactions during the trial; thus, patients may be included in more than 1 category. c Up to 500 mg/day. d 1,000 mg/day. Adverse reactions that occurred with a frequency of less than 5% and greater than 2% of patients receiving lamotrigine tablets and numerically more frequent than placebo were:; Body as a Whole: Asthenia, fever. Digestive: Anorexia, dry mouth, rectal hemorrhage, peptic ulcer. Metabolic and Nutritional: Peripheral edema. Nervous System: Amnesia, ataxia, depression, hypesthesia, libido increase, decreased reflexes, increased reflexes, nystagmus, irritability, suicidal ideation. Respiratory: Epistaxis, bronchitis, dyspnea. Skin and Appendages: Contact dermatitis, dry skin, sweating. Special Senses: Vision abnormality.; Incidence in Controlled Adjunctive Trials in Pediatric Patients with Epilepsy: Table 11 lists adverse reactions that occurred in 339 pediatric patients with partial-onset seizures or generalized seizures of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome who received lamotrigine tablets up to 15 mg/kg/day or a maximum of 750 mg/day. Table 11. Adverse Reactions in Pooled, Placebo-Controlled Adjunctive Trials in Pediatric Patients with Epilepsy a Body System/Adverse Reaction Percent of Patients Receiving Lamotrigine Tablets (n = 168) Percent of Patients Receiving Placebo (n = 171) Body as a whole ;Infection 20 17 ;Fever 15 14 ;Accidental injury 14 12 ;Abdominal pain 10 5 ;Asthenia 8 4 ;Flu syndrome 7 6 ;Pain 5 4 ;Facial edema 2 1 ;Photosensitivity 2 0 Cardiovascular ;Hemorrhage 2 1 Digestive ;Vomiting 20 16 ;Diarrhea 11 9 ;Nausea 10 2 ;Constipation 4 2 ;Dyspepsia 2 1 Hemic and lymphatic ;Lymphadenopathy 2 1 Metabolic and nutritional ;Edema 2 0 Nervous system ;Somnolence 17 15 ;Dizziness 14 4 ;Ataxia 11 3 ;Tremor 10 1 ;Emotional lability 4 2 ;Gait abnormality 4 2 ;Thinking abnormality 3 2 ;Convulsions 2 1 ;Nervousness 2 1 ;Vertigo 2 1 Respiratory ;Pharyngitis 14 11 ;Bronchitis 7 5 ;Increased cough 7 6 ;Sinusitis 2 1 ;Bronchospasm 2 1 Skin ;Rash 14 12 ;Eczema 2 1 ;Pruritus 2 1 Special senses ;Diplopia 5 1 ;Blurred vision 4 1 ;Visual abnormality 2 0 Urogenital Male and female patients Urinary tract infection 3 0 a Adverse reactions that occurred in at least 2% of patients treated with lamotrigine tablets and at a greater incidence than placebo. Bipolar Disorder in Adults The most common adverse reactions seen in association with the use of lamotrigine tablets as monotherapy (100 to 400 mg/day) in adult patients (aged 18 to 82 years) with bipolar disorder in the 2 double-blind placebo-controlled trials of 18 months’ duration are included in Table 12. Adverse reactions that occurred in at least 5% of patients and were numerically more frequent during the dose-escalation phase of lamotrigine tablets in these trials (when patients may have been receiving concomitant medications) compared with the monotherapy phase were: headache (25%), rash (11%), dizziness (10%), diarrhea (8%), dream abnormality (6%), and pruritus (6%).; During the monotherapy phase of the double-blind placebo-controlled trials of 18 months’ duration, 13% of 227 patients who received lamotrigine tablets (100 to 400 mg/day), 16% of 190 patients who received placebo, and 23% of 166 patients who received lithium discontinued therapy because of an adverse reaction. The adverse reactions that most commonly led to discontinuation of lamotrigine tablets were rash (3%) and mania/hypomania/mixed mood adverse reactions (2%). Approximately 16% of 2,401 patients who received lamotrigine tablets (50 to 500 mg/day) for bipolar disorder in premarketing trials discontinued therapy because of an adverse reaction,;most commonly due to rash (5%) and mania/hypomania/mixed mood adverse reactions (2%). The overall adverse reaction profile for lamotrigine tablets was similar between females and males, between elderly and nonelderly patients, and among racial groups. Table 12. Adverse Reactions in 2 Placebo-Controlled Trials in Adult Patients with Bipolar I Disorder a,b Body System/ Adverse Reaction Percent of Patients Receiving Lamotrigine Tablets (n = 227) Percent of Patients Receiving Placebo (n = 190) General ;Back pain 8 6 ;Fatigue 8 5 ;Abdominal pain 6 3 Digestive ;Nausea 14 11 ;Constipation 5 2 ;Vomiting 5 2 Nervous System ;Insomnia 10 6 ;Somnolence 9 7 ;Xerostomia (dry mouth) 6 4 Respiratory ;Rhinitis 7 4 ;Exacerbation of cough 5 3 ;Pharyngitis 5 4 Skin ;Rash (nonserious) c 7 5 a Adverse reactions that occurred in at least 5% of patients treated with lamotrigine tablets and at a greater incidence than placebo. b Patients in these trials were converted to lamotrigine tablets (100 to 400 mg/day) or placebo monotherapy from add-on therapy with other psychotropic medications. Patients may have reported multiple adverse reactions during the trial; thus, patients may be included in more than 1 category. c In the overall bipolar and other mood disorders clinical trials, the rate of serious rash was 0.08% (1 of 1,233) of adult patients who received lamotrigine tablets as initial monotherapy and 0.13% (2 of 1,538) of adult patients who received lamotrigine tablets as adjunctive therapy; [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . Other reactions that occurred in 5% or more patients but equally or more frequently in the placebo group included: dizziness, mania, headache, infection, influenza, pain, accidental injury, diarrhea, and dyspepsia. Adverse reactions that occurred with a frequency of less than 5% and greater than 1% of patients receiving lamotrigine tablets and numerically more frequent than placebo were: General: Fever, neck pain. Cardiovascular: Migraine. Digestive: Flatulence. Metabolic and Nutritional: Weight gain, edema. Musculoskeletal: Arthralgia, myalgia. Nervous System: Amnesia, depression, agitation, emotional lability, dyspraxia, abnormal thoughts, dream abnormality, hypoesthesia. Respiratory: Sinusitis. Urogenital: Urinary frequency. Adverse Reactions following Abrupt Discontinuation: In the 2 controlled clinical trials, there was no increase in the incidence, severity, or type of adverse reactions in patients with bipolar disorder after abruptly terminating therapy with lamotrigine tablets. In the clinical development program in adults with bipolar disorder, 2 patients experienced seizures shortly after abrupt withdrawal of lamotrigine tablets [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.10) ] ; Mania/Hypomania/Mixed Episodes: During the double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trials in bipolar I disorder in which adults were converted to monotherapy with lamotrigine tablets (100 to 400 mg/day) from other psychotropic medications and followed for up to 18 months, the rates of manic or hypomanic or mixed mood episodes reported as adverse reactions were 5% for patients treated with lamotrigine tablets (n = 227), 4% for patients treated with lithium (n = 166), and 7% for patients treated with placebo (n = 190). In all bipolar controlled trials combined, adverse reactions of mania (including hypomania and mixed mood episodes) were reported in 5% of patients treated with lamotrigine tablets (n = 956), 3% of patients treated with lithium (n = 280), and 4% of patients treated with placebo (n = 803). 6.2 Other Adverse Reactions Observed in All Clinical Trials Lamotrigine tablets have been administered to 6,694 individuals for whom complete adverse reaction data was captured during all clinical trials, only some of which were placebo controlled. During these trials, all adverse reactions were recorded by the clinical investigators using terminology of their own choosing. To provide a meaningful estimate of the proportion of individuals having adverse reactions, similar types of adverse reactions were grouped into a smaller number of standardized categories using modified COSTART dictionary terminology. The frequencies presented represent the proportion of the 6,694 individuals exposed to lamotrigine tablets who experienced an event of the type cited on at least 1 occasion while receiving lamotrigine tablets. All reported adverse reactions are included except those already listed in the previous tables or elsewhere in the labeling, those too general to be informative, and those not reasonably associated with the use of the drug. ; Adverse reactions are further classified within body system categories and enumerated in order of decreasing frequency using the following definitions: frequent adverse reactions are defined as those occurring in at least 1/100 patients; infrequent adverse reactions are those occurring in 1/100 to 1/1,000 patients; rare adverse reactions are those occurring in fewer than 1/1,000 patients.; Body as a Whole Infrequent: Allergic reaction, chills,;malaise. Cardiovascular System Infrequent: Flushing, hot flashes, hypertension, palpitations, postural hypotension, syncope, tachycardia, vasodilation. Dermatological Infrequent: Acne, alopecia, hirsutism, maculopapular rash, skin discoloration, urticaria. Rare: Angioedema, erythema, exfoliative dermatitis, fungal dermatitis, herpes zoster, leukoderma, multiforme erythema, petechial rash, pustular rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, vesiculobullous rash. Digestive System Infrequent: Dysphagia, eructation, gastritis, gingivitis, increased appetite, increased salivation, liver function tests abnormal, mouth ulceration. Rare: Gastrointestinal hemorrhage, glossitis, gum hemorrhage, gum hyperplasia, hematemesis, hemorrhagic colitis, hepatitis, melena, stomach ulcer, stomatitis, tongue edema. Endocrine System Rare: Goiter, hypothyroidism. Hematologic and Lymphatic System Infrequent: Ecchymosis, leukopenia. Rare: Anemia, eosinophilia, fibrin decrease, fibrinogen decrease, iron deficiency anemia, leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, macrocytic anemia, petechia, thrombocytopenia. Metabolic and Nutritional Disorders Infrequent: Aspartate transaminase increased. Rare: Alcohol intolerance, alkaline phosphatase increase, alanine transaminase increase, bilirubinemia, general edema, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase increase, hyperglycemia. Musculoskeletal System Infrequent: Arthritis, leg cramps, myasthenia, and twitching. Rare: Bursitis, muscle atrophy, pathological fracture, tendinous contracture. Nervous System Frequent: Confusion, paresthesia. Infrequent: Akathisia, apathy, aphasia, central nervous system depression, depersonalization, dysarthria, dyskinesia, euphoria, hallucinations, hostility, hyperkinesia, hypertonia, libido decreased, memory decrease, mind racing, movement disorder, myoclonus, panic attack, paranoid reaction, personality disorder, psychosis, sleep disorder, stupor, suicidal ideation. Rare: Choreoathetosis, delirium, delusions, dysphoria, dystonia, extrapyramidal syndrome, faintness, grand mal convulsions, hemiplegia, hyperalgesia, hyperesthesia, hypokinesia, hypotonia, manic depression reaction, muscle spasm, neuralgia, neurosis, paralysis, peripheral neuritis. Respiratory System Infrequent: Yawn. Rare: Hiccup, hyperventilation. Special Senses Frequent: Amblyopia. Infrequent: Abnormality of accommodation, conjunctivitis, dry eyes, ear pain, photophobia, taste perversion, tinnitus. Rare: Deafness, lacrimation disorder, oscillopsia, parosmia, ptosis, strabismus, taste loss, uveitis, visual field defect. Urogenital System Infrequent: Abnormal ejaculation, hematuria, impotence, menorrhagia, polyuria, urinary incontinence. Rare : Acute kidney failure, anorgasmia, breast abscess, breast neoplasm, creatinine increase, cystitis, dysuria, epididymitis, female lactation, kidney failure, kidney pain, nocturia, urinary retention, urinary urgency. 6.3 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of lamotrigine tablets. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.; ; Blood and Lymphatic Agranulocytosis, ;hemolytic anemia, lymphadenopathy not;associated with hypersensitivity disorder. Gastrointestinal Esophagitis. Hepatobiliary Tract and Pancreas Pancreatitis. Immunologic Hypogammaglobulinemia, lupus-like reaction, vasculitis. Lower Respiratory Apnea. Musculoskeletal Rhabdomyolysis has been observed in patients experiencing hypersensitivity reactions. Nervous System Aggression, exacerbation of Parkinsonian symptoms in patients with pre-existing Parkinson’s disease, tics. Non-site Specific Progressive immunosuppression. Renal and Urinary Disorders Tubulointerstitial nephritis (has been reported alone and in association with uveitis).

6.1 Clinical Trial Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared with rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.; Epilepsy Most Common Adverse Reactions; in All Clinical Trials: Adjunctive Therapy in Adults with Epilepsy: The most commonly observed (≥5% for lamotrigine tablets and more common on drug than placebo) adverse reactions seen in association with lamotrigine tablets during adjunctive therapy in adults and not seen at an equivalent frequency among placebo-treated patients were: dizziness, ataxia, somnolence, headache, diplopia, blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, and rash. Dizziness, diplopia, ataxia, blurred vision, nausea, and vomiting were dose related. Dizziness, diplopia, ataxia, and blurred vision occurred more commonly in patients receiving carbamazepine with lamotrigine tablets than in patients receiving other AEDs with lamotrigine tablets. Clinical data suggest a higher incidence of rash, including serious rash, in patients receiving concomitant valproate than in patients not receiving valproate; [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] .; Approximately 11% of the 3,378 adult patients who received lamotrigine tablets as adjunctive therapy in premarketing clinical trials discontinued treatment because of an adverse reaction. The adverse reactions most commonly associated with discontinuation were rash (3.0%), dizziness (2.8%), and headache (2.5%). In a dose-response trial in adults, the rate of discontinuation of lamotrigine tablets for dizziness, ataxia, diplopia, blurred vision, nausea, and vomiting was dose related. Monotherapy in Adults with Epilepsy: The most commonly observed (≥5% for lamotrigine tablets and more common on drug than placebo) adverse reactions seen in association with the use of lamotrigine tablets during the monotherapy phase of the controlled trial in adults not seen at an equivalent rate in the control group were vomiting, coordination abnormality, dyspepsia, nausea, dizziness, rhinitis, anxiety, insomnia, infection, pain, weight decrease, chest pain, and dysmenorrhea. The most commonly observed (≥5% for lamotrigine tablets and more common on drug than placebo) adverse reactions associated with the use of lamotrigine tablets during the conversion to monotherapy (add-on) period, not seen at an equivalent frequency among low-dose valproate-treated patients, were dizziness, headache, nausea, asthenia, coordination abnormality, vomiting, rash, somnolence, diplopia, ataxia, accidental injury, tremor, blurred vision, insomnia, nystagmus, diarrhea, lymphadenopathy, pruritus, and sinusitis. ; Approximately 10% of the 420 adult patients who received lamotrigine tablets as monotherapy in premarketing clinical trials discontinued treatment because of an adverse reaction. The adverse reactions most commonly associated with discontinuation were rash (4.5%), headache (3.1%), and asthenia (2.4%).; Adjunctive Therapy in Pediatric Patients with Epilepsy: The most commonly observed (≥5% for lamotrigine tablets and more common on drug than placebo) adverse reactions seen in association with the use of lamotrigine tablets as adjunctive treatment in pediatric patients aged 2 to 16 years and not seen at an equivalent rate in the control group were infection, vomiting, rash, fever, somnolence, accidental injury, dizziness, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, ataxia, tremor, asthenia, bronchitis, flu syndrome, and diplopia. In 339 patients aged 2 to 16 years with partial-onset seizures or generalized seizures of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, 4.2% of patients on lamotrigine tablets and 2.9% of patients on placebo discontinued due to adverse reactions. The most commonly reported adverse reaction that led to discontinuation of lamotrigine tablets was rash.; Approximately 11.5% of the 1,081 pediatric patients aged 2 to 16 years who received lamotrigine tablets as adjunctive therapy in premarketing clinical trials discontinued treatment because of an adverse reaction. The adverse reactions most commonly associated with discontinuation were rash (4.4%), reaction aggravated (1.7%), and ataxia (0.6%).; Controlled Adjunctive Clinical Trials in Adults with Epilepsy: Table 8 lists adverse reactions that occurred in adult patients with epilepsy treated with lamotrigine tablets in placebo-controlled trials. In these trials, either lamotrigine tablets or placebo was added to the patient's current AED therapy. Table 8. Adverse Reactions in Pooled, Placebo-Controlled Adjunctive Trials in Adult Patients with Epilepsy a.b Body System/Adverse Reaction Percent of Patients Receiving Adjunctive Lamotrigine Tablets (n=711) Percent of Patients Receiving Adjunctive Placebo (n-419) Body as a whole ;Headache 29 19 ;Flu syndrome 7 6 ;Fever 6 4 ;Abdominal pain 5 4 ;Neck pain 2 1 ;Reaction aggravated (seizure exacerbation) 2 1 Digestive ;Nausea 19 10 ;Vomiting 9 4 ;Diarrhea 6 4 ;Dyspepsia 5 2 ;Constipation 4 3 ;Anorexia 2 1 Musculoskeletal ;Arthralgia 2 0 Nervous ;Dizziness 38 13 ;Ataxia 22 6 ;Somnolence 14 7 ;Incoordination 6 2 ;Insomnia 6 2 ;Tremor 4 1 ;Depression 4 3 ;Anxiety 4 3 ;Convulsion 3 1 ;Irritability 3 2 ;Speech disorder 3 0 ;Concentration disturbance 2 1 Respiratory ;Rhinitis 14 9 ;Pharyngitis 10 9 ;Cough increased 8 6 Skin and appendages ;Rash 10 5 ;Pruritus 3 2 Special senses ;Diplopia 28 7 ;Blurred vision 16 5 ;Vision abnormality 3 1 Urogenital ;Female patients only (n = 365) (n = 207) ;Dysmenorrhea 7 6 ;Vaginitis 4 1 ;Amenorrhea 2 1 a ;Adverse reactions that occurred in at least 2% of patients treated with lamotrigine and at a greater incidence than placebo. b Patients in these adjunctive trials were receiving 1 to 3 of the concomitant antiepileptic drugs carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, or primidone in addition to lamotrigine or placebo. Patients may have reported multiple adverse reactions during the trial or at discontinuation; thus, patients may be included in more than 1 category. In a randomized, parallel trial comparing placebo with 300 and 500 mg/day of lamotrigine tablets, some of the more common drug-related adverse reactions were dose related (see Table 9). Table 9. Dose-Related Adverse Reactions from a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Adjunctive;Trial in Adults with Epilepsy Percent of Patients Experiencing Adverse Reactions Adverse Reaction Placebo (n=73) Lamotrigine Tablets 300 mg (n=71) Lamotrigine Tablets 500 mg (n=72) Ataxia 10 10 28 a, b Blurred vision 10 11 25 a, b Diplopia 8 24 a 49 a, b Dizziness 27 31 54 a, b Nausea 11 18 25 a Vomiting 4 11 18 a a Significantly greater than placebo group ( P <0.05). b Significantly greater than group receiving lamotrigine tablets 300 mg ( P <0.05). The overall adverse reaction profile for lamotrigine tablets was similar between females and males and was independent of age. Because the largest non-Caucasian racial subgroup was only 6% of patients exposed to lamotrigine tablets in placebo-controlled trials, there are insufficient data to support a statement regarding the distribution of adverse reaction reports by race. Generally, females receiving either lamotrigine tablets as adjunctive therapy or placebo were more likely to report adverse reactions than males. The only adverse reaction for which the reports on lamotrigine tablets were greater than 10% more frequent in females than males (without a corresponding difference by gender on placebo) was dizziness (difference = 16.5%). There was little difference between females and males in the rates of discontinuation of lamotrigine tablets for individual adverse reactions. Controlled Monotherapy Trial in Adults with Partial-Onset Seizures: Table 10 lists adverse reactions that occurred in patients with epilepsy treated with monotherapy with lamotrigine tablets in a double-blind trial following discontinuation of either concomitant carbamazepine or phenytoin not seen at an equivalent frequency in the control group. Table 10. Adverse Reactions in a Controlled Monotherapy Trial in Adult Patients with Partial-Onset Seizures a,b Body System/Adverse Reaction Percent of Patients Receiving Lamotrigine Tablets c as Monotherapy (n = 43) Percent of Patients Receiving Low-Dose Valproate d Monotherapy (n = 44) Body as a whole ;Pain 5 0 ;Infection 5 2 ;Chest pain 5 2 Digestive ;Vomiting 9 0 ;Dyspepsia 7 2 ;Nausea 7 2 Metabolic and nutritional ;Weight decrease 5 2 Nervous ;Coordination abnormality 7 0 ;Dizziness 7 0 ;Anxiety 5 0 ;Insomnia 5 2 Respiratory ;Rhinitis 7 2 Urogenital (female patients only) (n = 21) (n = 28) ;Dysmenorrhea 5 0 a Adverse reactions that occurred in at least 5% of patients treated with lamotrigine and at a greater incidence than valproate-treated patients. b Patients in this trial were converted to lamotrigine or valproate monotherapy from adjunctive therapy with carbamazepine or phenytoin. Patients may have reported multiple adverse reactions during the trial; thus, patients may be included in more than 1 category. c Up to 500 mg/day. d 1,000 mg/day. Adverse reactions that occurred with a frequency of less than 5% and greater than 2% of patients receiving lamotrigine tablets and numerically more frequent than placebo were:; Body as a Whole: Asthenia, fever. Digestive: Anorexia, dry mouth, rectal hemorrhage, peptic ulcer. Metabolic and Nutritional: Peripheral edema. Nervous System: Amnesia, ataxia, depression, hypesthesia, libido increase, decreased reflexes, increased reflexes, nystagmus, irritability, suicidal ideation. Respiratory: Epistaxis, bronchitis, dyspnea. Skin and Appendages: Contact dermatitis, dry skin, sweating. Special Senses: Vision abnormality.; Incidence in Controlled Adjunctive Trials in Pediatric Patients with Epilepsy: Table 11 lists adverse reactions that occurred in 339 pediatric patients with partial-onset seizures or generalized seizures of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome who received lamotrigine tablets up to 15 mg/kg/day or a maximum of 750 mg/day. Table 11. Adverse Reactions in Pooled, Placebo-Controlled Adjunctive Trials in Pediatric Patients with Epilepsy a Body System/Adverse Reaction Percent of Patients Receiving Lamotrigine Tablets (n = 168) Percent of Patients Receiving Placebo (n = 171) Body as a whole ;Infection 20 17 ;Fever 15 14 ;Accidental injury 14 12 ;Abdominal pain 10 5 ;Asthenia 8 4 ;Flu syndrome 7 6 ;Pain 5 4 ;Facial edema 2 1 ;Photosensitivity 2 0 Cardiovascular ;Hemorrhage 2 1 Digestive ;Vomiting 20 16 ;Diarrhea 11 9 ;Nausea 10 2 ;Constipation 4 2 ;Dyspepsia 2 1 Hemic and lymphatic ;Lymphadenopathy 2 1 Metabolic and nutritional ;Edema 2 0 Nervous system ;Somnolence 17 15 ;Dizziness 14 4 ;Ataxia 11 3 ;Tremor 10 1 ;Emotional lability 4 2 ;Gait abnormality 4 2 ;Thinking abnormality 3 2 ;Convulsions 2 1 ;Nervousness 2 1 ;Vertigo 2 1 Respiratory ;Pharyngitis 14 11 ;Bronchitis 7 5 ;Increased cough 7 6 ;Sinusitis 2 1 ;Bronchospasm 2 1 Skin ;Rash 14 12 ;Eczema 2 1 ;Pruritus 2 1 Special senses ;Diplopia 5 1 ;Blurred vision 4 1 ;Visual abnormality 2 0 Urogenital Male and female patients Urinary tract infection 3 0 a Adverse reactions that occurred in at least 2% of patients treated with lamotrigine tablets and at a greater incidence than placebo. Bipolar Disorder in Adults The most common adverse reactions seen in association with the use of lamotrigine tablets as monotherapy (100 to 400 mg/day) in adult patients (aged 18 to 82 years) with bipolar disorder in the 2 double-blind placebo-controlled trials of 18 months’ duration are included in Table 12. Adverse reactions that occurred in at least 5% of patients and were numerically more frequent during the dose-escalation phase of lamotrigine tablets in these trials (when patients may have been receiving concomitant medications) compared with the monotherapy phase were: headache (25%), rash (11%), dizziness (10%), diarrhea (8%), dream abnormality (6%), and pruritus (6%).; During the monotherapy phase of the double-blind placebo-controlled trials of 18 months’ duration, 13% of 227 patients who received lamotrigine tablets (100 to 400 mg/day), 16% of 190 patients who received placebo, and 23% of 166 patients who received lithium discontinued therapy because of an adverse reaction. The adverse reactions that most commonly led to discontinuation of lamotrigine tablets were rash (3%) and mania/hypomania/mixed mood adverse reactions (2%). Approximately 16% of 2,401 patients who received lamotrigine tablets (50 to 500 mg/day) for bipolar disorder in premarketing trials discontinued therapy because of an adverse reaction,;most commonly due to rash (5%) and mania/hypomania/mixed mood adverse reactions (2%). The overall adverse reaction profile for lamotrigine tablets was similar between females and males, between elderly and nonelderly patients, and among racial groups. Table 12. Adverse Reactions in 2 Placebo-Controlled Trials in Adult Patients with Bipolar I Disorder a,b Body System/ Adverse Reaction Percent of Patients Receiving Lamotrigine Tablets (n = 227) Percent of Patients Receiving Placebo (n = 190) General ;Back pain 8 6 ;Fatigue 8 5 ;Abdominal pain 6 3 Digestive ;Nausea 14 11 ;Constipation 5 2 ;Vomiting 5 2 Nervous System ;Insomnia 10 6 ;Somnolence 9 7 ;Xerostomia (dry mouth) 6 4 Respiratory ;Rhinitis 7 4 ;Exacerbation of cough 5 3 ;Pharyngitis 5 4 Skin ;Rash (nonserious) c 7 5 a Adverse reactions that occurred in at least 5% of patients treated with lamotrigine tablets and at a greater incidence than placebo. b Patients in these trials were converted to lamotrigine tablets (100 to 400 mg/day) or placebo monotherapy from add-on therapy with other psychotropic medications. Patients may have reported multiple adverse reactions during the trial; thus, patients may be included in more than 1 category. c In the overall bipolar and other mood disorders clinical trials, the rate of serious rash was 0.08% (1 of 1,233) of adult patients who received lamotrigine tablets as initial monotherapy and 0.13% (2 of 1,538) of adult patients who received lamotrigine tablets as adjunctive therapy; [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . Other reactions that occurred in 5% or more patients but equally or more frequently in the placebo group included: dizziness, mania, headache, infection, influenza, pain, accidental injury, diarrhea, and dyspepsia. Adverse reactions that occurred with a frequency of less than 5% and greater than 1% of patients receiving lamotrigine tablets and numerically more frequent than placebo were: General: Fever, neck pain. Cardiovascular: Migraine. Digestive: Flatulence. Metabolic and Nutritional: Weight gain, edema. Musculoskeletal: Arthralgia, myalgia. Nervous System: Amnesia, depression, agitation, emotional lability, dyspraxia, abnormal thoughts, dream abnormality, hypoesthesia. Respiratory: Sinusitis. Urogenital: Urinary frequency. Adverse Reactions following Abrupt Discontinuation: In the 2 controlled clinical trials, there was no increase in the incidence, severity, or type of adverse reactions in patients with bipolar disorder after abruptly terminating therapy with lamotrigine tablets. In the clinical development program in adults with bipolar disorder, 2 patients experienced seizures shortly after abrupt withdrawal of lamotrigine tablets [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.10) ] ; Mania/Hypomania/Mixed Episodes: During the double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trials in bipolar I disorder in which adults were converted to monotherapy with lamotrigine tablets (100 to 400 mg/day) from other psychotropic medications and followed for up to 18 months, the rates of manic or hypomanic or mixed mood episodes reported as adverse reactions were 5% for patients treated with lamotrigine tablets (n = 227), 4% for patients treated with lithium (n = 166), and 7% for patients treated with placebo (n = 190). In all bipolar controlled trials combined, adverse reactions of mania (including hypomania and mixed mood episodes) were reported in 5% of patients treated with lamotrigine tablets (n = 956), 3% of patients treated with lithium (n = 280), and 4% of patients treated with placebo (n = 803).

6.2 Other Adverse Reactions Observed in All Clinical Trials Lamotrigine tablets have been administered to 6,694 individuals for whom complete adverse reaction data was captured during all clinical trials, only some of which were placebo controlled. During these trials, all adverse reactions were recorded by the clinical investigators using terminology of their own choosing. To provide a meaningful estimate of the proportion of individuals having adverse reactions, similar types of adverse reactions were grouped into a smaller number of standardized categories using modified COSTART dictionary terminology. The frequencies presented represent the proportion of the 6,694 individuals exposed to lamotrigine tablets who experienced an event of the type cited on at least 1 occasion while receiving lamotrigine tablets. All reported adverse reactions are included except those already listed in the previous tables or elsewhere in the labeling, those too general to be informative, and those not reasonably associated with the use of the drug. ; Adverse reactions are further classified within body system categories and enumerated in order of decreasing frequency using the following definitions: frequent adverse reactions are defined as those occurring in at least 1/100 patients; infrequent adverse reactions are those occurring in 1/100 to 1/1,000 patients; rare adverse reactions are those occurring in fewer than 1/1,000 patients.; Body as a Whole Infrequent: Allergic reaction, chills,;malaise. Cardiovascular System Infrequent: Flushing, hot flashes, hypertension, palpitations, postural hypotension, syncope, tachycardia, vasodilation. Dermatological Infrequent: Acne, alopecia, hirsutism, maculopapular rash, skin discoloration, urticaria. Rare: Angioedema, erythema, exfoliative dermatitis, fungal dermatitis, herpes zoster, leukoderma, multiforme erythema, petechial rash, pustular rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, vesiculobullous rash. Digestive System Infrequent: Dysphagia, eructation, gastritis, gingivitis, increased appetite, increased salivation, liver function tests abnormal, mouth ulceration. Rare: Gastrointestinal hemorrhage, glossitis, gum hemorrhage, gum hyperplasia, hematemesis, hemorrhagic colitis, hepatitis, melena, stomach ulcer, stomatitis, tongue edema. Endocrine System Rare: Goiter, hypothyroidism. Hematologic and Lymphatic System Infrequent: Ecchymosis, leukopenia. Rare: Anemia, eosinophilia, fibrin decrease, fibrinogen decrease, iron deficiency anemia, leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, macrocytic anemia, petechia, thrombocytopenia. Metabolic and Nutritional Disorders Infrequent: Aspartate transaminase increased. Rare: Alcohol intolerance, alkaline phosphatase increase, alanine transaminase increase, bilirubinemia, general edema, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase increase, hyperglycemia. Musculoskeletal System Infrequent: Arthritis, leg cramps, myasthenia, and twitching. Rare: Bursitis, muscle atrophy, pathological fracture, tendinous contracture. Nervous System Frequent: Confusion, paresthesia. Infrequent: Akathisia, apathy, aphasia, central nervous system depression, depersonalization, dysarthria, dyskinesia, euphoria, hallucinations, hostility, hyperkinesia, hypertonia, libido decreased, memory decrease, mind racing, movement disorder, myoclonus, panic attack, paranoid reaction, personality disorder, psychosis, sleep disorder, stupor, suicidal ideation. Rare: Choreoathetosis, delirium, delusions, dysphoria, dystonia, extrapyramidal syndrome, faintness, grand mal convulsions, hemiplegia, hyperalgesia, hyperesthesia, hypokinesia, hypotonia, manic depression reaction, muscle spasm, neuralgia, neurosis, paralysis, peripheral neuritis. Respiratory System Infrequent: Yawn. Rare: Hiccup, hyperventilation. Special Senses Frequent: Amblyopia. Infrequent: Abnormality of accommodation, conjunctivitis, dry eyes, ear pain, photophobia, taste perversion, tinnitus. Rare: Deafness, lacrimation disorder, oscillopsia, parosmia, ptosis, strabismus, taste loss, uveitis, visual field defect. Urogenital System Infrequent: Abnormal ejaculation, hematuria, impotence, menorrhagia, polyuria, urinary incontinence. Rare : Acute kidney failure, anorgasmia, breast abscess, breast neoplasm, creatinine increase, cystitis, dysuria, epididymitis, female lactation, kidney failure, kidney pain, nocturia, urinary retention, urinary urgency.

6.3 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of lamotrigine tablets. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.; ; Blood and Lymphatic Agranulocytosis, ;hemolytic anemia, lymphadenopathy not;associated with hypersensitivity disorder. Gastrointestinal Esophagitis. Hepatobiliary Tract and Pancreas Pancreatitis. Immunologic Hypogammaglobulinemia, lupus-like reaction, vasculitis. Lower Respiratory Apnea. Musculoskeletal Rhabdomyolysis has been observed in patients experiencing hypersensitivity reactions. Nervous System Aggression, exacerbation of Parkinsonian symptoms in patients with pre-existing Parkinson’s disease, tics. Non-site Specific Progressive immunosuppression. Renal and Urinary Disorders Tubulointerstitial nephritis (has been reported alone and in association with uveitis).