A hand-held manual surgical instrument designed to lift/separate (elevate) or tunnel under the periosteum during surgery (e.g., dental, orthopaedic, including use on the ribs). In dentistry it might be intended to access retained roots, or for their removal with surrounding bone. It is typically a one-piece instrument available in a variety of sizes and blade designs, including straight and curved blades, and often double-ended with a central handle; it is made of metal [e.g., stainless steel, titanium (Ti)]. This is a single-use device.