A gaseous or liquid substance that includes hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as its primary agent to completely destroy or eliminate all harmful microorganisms on a medical device (e.g., surgical or dental instrument). The medical device is typically bathed by the substance for a specified period of time in order to achieve sterilization. The substance may be presented in discrete quantities to accommodate the requirements of a sterilization device or system. After application, this device cannot be reused.