PHYTONADIONE PHYTONADIONE- phytonadione injection, emulsion
PHYTONADIONE by
Drug Labeling and Warnings
PHYTONADIONE by is a Prescription medication manufactured, distributed, or labeled by Dr.Reddy's Laboratories Inc, Gland Pharma. Drug facts, warnings, and ingredients follow.
Drug Details [pdf]
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BOXED WARNING
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BOXED WARNING
WARNING — INTRAVENOUS AND INTRAMUSCULAR USE
Severe reactions, including fatalities, have occurred during and immediately after INTRAVENOUS injection of phytonadione, even when precautions have been taken to dilute the phytonadione and to avoid rapid infusion. Severe reactions, including fatalities, have also been reported following INTRAMUSCULAR administration. Typically these severe reactions have resembled hypersensitivity or anaphylaxis, including shock and cardiac and/or respiratory arrest. Some patients have exhibited these severe reactions on receiving phytonadione for the first time.Therefore the INTRAVENOUS and INTRAMUSCULAR routes should be restricted to those situations where the subcutaneous route is not feasible and the serious risk involved is considered justified. -
DESCRIPTION
Phytonadione is a vitamin, which is a clear, yellow to amber, viscous, odorless or nearly odorlessliquid.
It is insoluble in water, soluble in chloroform and slightly soluble in ethanol. It has a molecular weight of 450.70.Phytonadione is 2-methyl-3-phytyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone. Its empirical formula is C31H46O2 and its structural formula is:
Phytonadione injectable emulsion, USP is a yellow, sterile, nonpyrogenic aqueous dispersion available for injection by the intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous routes.
Each milliliter contains phytonadione 10 mg, polyoxyethylated fatty acid derivative 70 mg, dextrose, hydrous 37.5 mg in water for injection; benzyl alcohol 9 mg added as preservative. May contain hydrochloric acid for pH adjustment. pH is 6.3 (5.0 to 7.0). Phytonadione is oxygen sensitive.
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CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
Phytonadione injectable emulsion, is indicated in the following coagulation disorders which are due to faulty formation of factors II, VII, IX and X when caused by Vitamin K deficiency or interference with Vitamin K activity.
Phytonadione injectable emulsion is indicated in:
anticoagulant-induced prothrombin deficiency caused by coumarin or indanedione derivatives;
prophylaxis and therapy of hemorrhagic disease of the newborn;
hypoprothrombinemia due to antibacterial therapy;
hypoprothrombinemia secondary to factors limiting absorption or synthesis of Vitamin K, e.g., obstructive jaundice, biliary fistula, sprue, ulcerative colitis, celiac disease, intestinal resection, cystic fibrosis of the pancreas, and regional enteritis;
other drug-induced hypoprothrombinemia where it is definitely shown that the result is due to interference with phytonadione metabolism, e.g., salicylates.
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INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Phytonadione injectable emulsion, USP is indicated in the following coagulation disorders which are due to faulty formation of factors II, VII, IX and X when caused by Vitamin K deficiency or interference with Vitamin K activity.
Phytonadione injectable emulsion is indicated in
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anticoagulant-induced prothrombin deficiency caused by coumarin or indanedione derivatives;
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prophylaxis and therapy of hemorrhagic disease of the newborn;
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hypoprothrombinemia due to antibacterial therapy;
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hypoprothrombinemia secondary to factors limiting absorption or synthesis of Vitamin K, e.g., obstructive jaundice, biliary fistula, sprue, ulcerative colitis, celiac disease, intestinal resection, cystic fibrosis of the pancreas, and regional enteritis;
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other drug-induced hypoprothrombinemia where it is definitely shown that the result is due to interference with phytonadione injectable emulsion metabolism, e.g., salicylates.
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- CONTRAINDICATIONS
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WARNINGS
Benzyl alcohol as a preservative in Bacteriostatic Sodium Chloride Injection has been associated with toxicity in newborns. Data are unavailable on the toxicity of other preservatives in this age group.
There is no evidence to suggest that the small amount of benzyl alcohol contained in phytonadione injectable emulsion, USP, when used as recommended, is associated with toxicity.
An immediate coagulant effect should not be expected after administration of phytonadione. It takes a minimum of 1 to 2 hours for measurable improvement in the prothrombin time. Whole blood or component therapy may also be necessary if bleeding is severe.
Phytonadione will not counteract the anticoagulant action of heparin.
When Phytonadione is used to correct excessive anticoagulant-induced hypoprothrombinemia, anticoagulant therapy still being indicated, the patient is again faced with the clotting hazards existing prior to starting the anticoagulant therapy. Phytonadione is not a clotting agent, but overzealous therapy with phytonadione injectable emulsion may restore conditions which originally permitted thromboembolic phenomena.
Dosage should be kept as low as possible, and prothrombin time should be checked regularly as clinical conditions indicate.Repeated large doses of Vitamin K are not warranted in liver disease if the response to initial use of the vitamin is unsatisfactory. Failure to respond to Vitamin K may indicate that the condition being treated is inherently unresponsive to Vitamin K. Benzyl alcohol has been reported to be associated with a fatal “Gasping Syndrome” in premature infants. WARNING: This product contains aluminum that may be toxic.
Aluminum may reach toxic levels with prolonged parenteral administration if kidney function is impaired. Premature neonates are particularly at risk because their kidneys are immature, and they required large amounts of calcium and phosphate solutions, which contain aluminum. Research indicates that patients with impaired kidney function, including premature neonates, who receive parenteral levels of aluminum at greater than 4 to 5 mcg/kg/day accumulate aluminum at levels associated with central nervous system and bone toxicity. Tissue loading may occur at even lower rates of administration.
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PRECAUTIONS
Drug Interactions
Temporary resistance to prothrombin-depressing anticoagulants may result, especially when larger doses of phytonadione are used. If relatively large doses have been employed, it may be necessary when reinstituting anticoagulant therapy to use somewhat larger doses of the prothrombin-depressing anticoagulant, or to use one which acts on a different principle, such as heparin sodium.
Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
Studies of carcinogenicity, mutagenesis or impairment of fertility have not been conducted with phytonadione injectable emulsion.
Pregnancy Category C:
Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with phytonadione injectable emulsion
It is also not known whether phytonadione injectable emulsion can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Phytonadione injectable emulsion should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.
Nursing Mothers
It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when phytonadione injectable emulsion is administered to a nursing woman.
Pediatric Use
Hemolysis, jaundice, and hyperbilirubinemia in neonates, particularly those that are premature, may be related to the dose of phytonadione injectable emulsion. Therefore, the recommended dose should not be exceeded (see ADVERSE REACTIONS and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).
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ADVERSE REACTIONS
Deaths have occurred after intravenous and intramuscular administration. (See Box Warning.) Transient “flushing sensations” and “peculiar” sensations of taste have been observed, as well as rare instances of dizziness, rapid and weak pulse, profuse sweating, brief hypotension, dyspnea, and cyanosis.
Pain, swelling, and tenderness at the injection site may occur.
The possibility of allergic sensitivity including an anaphylactoid reaction, should be kept in mind.
Infrequently, usually after repeated injection, erythematous, indurated, pruritic plaques have occurred; rarely, these have progressed to scleroderma-like lesions that have persisted for long periods. In other cases, these lesions have resembled erythema perstans.
Hyperbilirubinemia has been observed in the newborn following administration of phytonadione. This has occurred rarely and primarily with doses above those recommended. (See PRECAUTIONS, Pediatric Use.)
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DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
Whenever possible, phytonadione injectable emulsion, should be given by the subcutaneous route. (See Box Warning.) When intravenous administration is considered unavoidable, the drug should be injected very slowly, not exceeding 1 mg per minute.
Protect from light at all times.
Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.
Directions for Dilution
Phytonadione injectable emulsion may be diluted with 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, 5% Dextrose Injection, or 5% Dextrose and Sodium Chloride Injection. Benzyl alcohol as a preservative has been associated with toxicity in newborns. Therefore, all of the above diluents should be preservative-free (see WARNINGS).
Other diluents should not be used. When dilutions are indicated, administration should be startedimmediately after mixture with the diluent, and unused portions of the dilution should be discarded, as well as unused contents of the ampule.
Prophylaxis of Hemorrhagic Diseas e of the Newborn
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that phytonadione be given to the newborn. A single intramuscular dose of phytonadione injectable emulsion 0.5 to 1 mg within one hour of birth is recommended.
Treatment of Hemorrhagic Diseas e of the Newborn
Empiric administration of phytonadione should not replace proper laboratory evaluation of the coagulation mechanism. A prompt response (shortening of the prothrombin time in 2 to 4 hours) following administration of phytonadione is usually diagnostic of hemorrhagic disease of the newborn, and failure to respond indicates another diagnosis or coagulation disorder.
Phytonadione injectable emulsion 1 mg should be given either subcutaneously or intramuscularly. Higher doses may be necessary if the mother has been receiving oral anticoagulants.
Whole blood or component therapy may be indicated if bleeding is excessive. This therapy, however, does not correct the underlying disorder and phytonadione injectable emulsion should be given concurrently.
Anticoagulant-Induced Prothrombin Deficiency in Adults
To correct excessively prolonged prothrombin time caused by oral anticoagulant therapy—2.5 to 10 mg or up to 25 mg initially is recommended. In rare instances 50 mg may be required. Frequency and amount of subsequent doses should be determined by prothrombin time response or clinical condition (see WARNINGS). If in 6 to 8 hours after parenteral administration the prothrombin time has not been shortened satisfactorily, the dose should be repeated.
Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP Summary of Dosage Guidelines (See circular text for details)
Newborns Dosage Hemorrhagic Disease of the Newborn Prophylaxis 0.5 to 1 mg IM within 1 hour of birth Treatment 1 mg SC or It (Higher doses may be necessary if the mother has been receiving oral anticoagulants) Adults Initial Dosage Anticoagulant-Induced Prothrombin Deficiency(caused by coumarin or indanedione derivatives) 2.5 mg to 10 mg or up to 25 mg (rarely 50 mg) Hypoprothrombinemia Due to other causes(Antibiotics; Salicylates or other drugs; Factors limiting absorption or synthesis) 2.5 mg to 25 mg ormore (rarely up to 50 mg) In the event of shock or excessive blood loss, the use of whole blood or component therapy is indicated.
Hypoprothrombinemia Due to Other Causes in Adults
A dosage of 2.5 to 25 mg or more (rarely up to 50 mg) is recommended, the amount and route of administration depending upon the severity of the condition and response obtained.
If possible, discontinuation or reduction of the dosage of drugs interfering with coagulation mechanisms (such as salicylates; antibiotics) is suggested as an alternative to administering concurrent phytonadione injectable emulsion. The severity of the coagulation disorder should determine whether the immediate administration of phytonadione injectable emulsion is required in addition to discontinuation or reduction of interfering drugs.
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HOW SUPPLIED
Phytonadione injectable emulsion, USP is supplied as follows:
For Carton:
Package Description NDC 25 x 1 mL Ampules 43598-405-16 For Ampule:
Package Description Amount of Phytonadione
Injectable Emulsion
In ContainerVolume
Concentration
NDC1 mL
Ampule10 mg 1 mL 10 mg/mL 43598-405-11 Store at 20 to 25°C (68 to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.]
Protect from light. Keep ampules in carton until time of use.
Rx Only
Distributor: Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Inc.,
Princeton, NJ 08540
Made in India
Issued: 0519
To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Inc., at 1- 888-375-3784, or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
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INGREDIENTS AND APPEARANCE
PHYTONADIONE PHYTONADIONE
phytonadione injection, emulsionProduct Information Product Type HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG Item Code (Source) NDC: 43598-405 Route of Administration INTRAMUSCULAR, SUBCUTANEOUS, INTRAVENOUS Active Ingredient/Active Moiety Ingredient Name Basis of Strength Strength Phytonadione (UNII: A034SE7857) (Phytonadione - UNII:A034SE7857) Phytonadione 10 mg in 1 mL Inactive Ingredients Ingredient Name Strength Polyoxyl 35 Castor Oil (UNII: 6D4M1DAL6O) 70 mg in 1 mL Dextrose Monohydrate (UNII: LX22YL083G) 37.5 mg in 1 mL Water (UNII: 059QF0KO0R) Benzyl Alcohol (UNII: LKG8494WBH) 9 mg in 1 mL Hydrochloric Acid (UNII: QTT17582CB) Packaging # Item Code Package Description Marketing Start Date Marketing End Date 1 NDC: 43598-405-16 5 in 1 CARTON 12/30/2017 1 NDC: 43598-405-11 1 mL in 1 AMPULE; Type 0: Not a Combination Product Marketing Information Marketing Category Application Number or Monograph Citation Marketing Start Date Marketing End Date ANDA ANDA207719 12/30/2017 Labeler - Dr.Reddy's Laboratories Inc (802315887) Establishment Name Address ID/FEI Business Operations Gland Pharma 918601238 analysis(43598-405) , manufacture(43598-405)
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