Trial UC-1
In UC-1, 961 subjects were randomized at Week 0 to a single intravenous administration of ustekinumab of approximately 6 mg/kg, 130 mg (a lower dose than recommended), or placebo. Subjects enrolled in UC-1 had to have failed therapy with corticosteroids, immunomodulators or at least one biologic. A total of 51% had failed at least one biologic and 17% had failed both a TNF blocker and an integrin receptor blocker. Of the total population, 46% had failed corticosteroids or immunomodulators but were biologic-naïve and an additional 3% had previously received but had not failed a biologic. At induction baseline and throughout the trial, approximately 52% subjects were receiving oral corticosteroids, 28% subjects were receiving immunomodulators (AZA, 6-MP, or MTX) and 69% subjects were receiving aminosalicylates.
The primary endpoint was clinical remission at Week 8. Clinical remission with a definition of: Mayo stool frequency subscore of 0 or 1, Mayo rectal bleeding subscore of 0 (no rectal bleeding), and Mayo endoscopy subscore of 0 or 1 (Mayo endoscopy subscore of 0 defined as normal or inactive disease and Mayo subscore of 1 defined as presence of erythema, decreased vascular pattern and no friability) is provided in Table 15.
The secondary endpoints were clinical response, endoscopic improvement, and histologic-endoscopic mucosal improvement. Clinical response with a definition of (≥ 2 points and ≥ 30% decrease in modified Mayo score, defined as 3-component Mayo score without the Physician's Global Assessment, with either a decrease from baseline in the rectal bleeding subscore ≥1 or a rectal bleeding subscore of 0 or 1), endoscopic improvement with a definition of Mayo endoscopy subscore of 0 or 1, and histologic-endoscopic mucosal improvement with a definition of combined endoscopic improvement and histologic improvement of the colon tissue [neutrophil infiltration in <5% of crypts, no crypt destruction, and no erosions, ulcerations, or granulation tissue]) are provided in Table 15.
In UC-1, a significantly greater proportion of subjects treated with ustekinumab (at the recommended dose of approximately 6 mg/kg dose) were in clinical remission and response and achieved endoscopic improvement and histologic-endoscopic mucosal improvement compared to placebo (see Table 15).
Table 15: Proportion of Subjects Meeting Efficacy Endpoints at Week 8 in UC-1
| Endpoint | Placebo N = 319 | Ustekinumab† N = 322 | Treatment difference and 97.5% CI a
|
| N | % | N | % |
| Clinical Remission*
| 22 | 7% | 62 | 19% | 12% (7%, 18%) b
|
| Bio-naïve⸸
| 14/151 | 9% | 36/147 | 24% | |
| Prior biologic failure | 7/161 | 4% | 24/166 | 14% |
| Endoscopic Improvement§
| 40 | 13% | 80 | 25% | 12% (6%, 19%) b
|
| Bio-naïve⸸
| 28/151 | 19% | 43/147 | 29% | |
| Prior biologic failure | 11/161 | 7% | 34/166 | 20% |
| Clinical Response†
| 99 | 31% | 186 | 58% | 27% (18%, 35%) b
|
| Bio-naïve⸸
| 55/151 | 36% | 94/147 | 64% | |
| Prior biologic failure | 42/161 | 26% | 86/166 | 52% |
| Histologic-Endoscopic Mucosal Improvement‡
| 26 | 8% | 54 | 17% | 9% (3%, 14%) b
|
| Bio-naïve⸸
| 19/151 | 13% | 30/147 | 20% | |
| Prior biologic failure | 6/161 | 4% | 21/166 | 13% |
† Infusion dose of ustekinumab using the weight-based dosage regimen specified in Table 4.
⸸ An additional 7 subjects on placebo and 9 subjects on ustekinumab (6 mg/kg) had been exposed to, but had not failed, biologics.
* Clinical remission was defined as Mayo stool frequency subscore of 0 or 1, Mayo rectal bleeding subscore of 0, and Mayo endoscopy subscore of 0 or 1 (modified so that 1 does not include friability).
§ Endoscopic improvement was defined as Mayo endoscopy subscore of 0 or 1 (modified so that 1 does not include friability).
† Clinical response was defined as a decrease from baseline in the modified Mayo score by ≥30% and ≥2 points, with either a decrease from baseline in the rectal bleeding subscore ≥1 or a rectal bleeding subscore of 0 or 1.
‡ Histologic-endoscopic mucosal improvement was defined as combined endoscopic improvement (Mayo endoscopy subscore of 0 or 1) and histologic improvement of the colon tissue (neutrophil infiltration in <5% of crypts, no crypt destruction, and no erosions, ulcerations, or granulation tissue).
a Adjusted treatment difference (97.5% CI)
b p < 0.001
The relationship of histologic-endoscopic mucosal improvement, as defined in UC-1, at Week 8 to disease progression and long-term outcomes was not evaluated during UC-1.