VICETON- chlormaphenicol tablet, coated
Viceton by
Drug Labeling and Warnings
Viceton by is a Animal medication manufactured, distributed, or labeled by Bimeda, Inc.. Drug facts, warnings, and ingredients follow.
Drug Details [pdf]
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DESCRIPTION
Viceton®
(chloramphenicol tablets)
FOR ORAL USE IN DOGS ONLY
250 mg Tablets
Antibiotic
NOT FOR USE IN HUMANS
KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
CAUTION: Federal law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian.
Federal law prohibits the use of this drug in food-producing animals.
NADA 055-059, Approved by FDA
Net contents: 500 Tablets
DESCRIPTION:
Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic shown to have specific therapeutic activity against a wide variety of organisms. Its activity was first demonstrated in culture filtrates from a species of soil organism collected in Venezuela, later designated as Streptomyces venezuelae. The antibiotic was subsequently isolated from culture filtrates (1), identified chemically (2), and later synthesized (3).
Aqueous solutions of chloramphenicol are neutral in pH. Chloramphenicol is stable for several years at room temperature and forms colorless to yellowish-white crystals in the shape of elongated plates or fine needles. It is only slightly soluble in water, but soluble in alcohol and propylene gylcol.
Chloramphenicol is exceptionally stable in the presence of high pH, although it is destroyed at pH's in excess of 10. Dissolved in distilled water, it can withstand boiling for five hours (1).
ACTIONS:
At low concentrations, chloramphenicol exerts a bacteriostatic effect on a wide range of pathogenic organisms, including many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, spirochetes, several rickettsiae and certain large viruses and Mycoplasma (PPLO) (4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13, and 13a). At high concentrations, it inhibits growth of animal and plant cells.
Chloramphenicol exerts its bacteriostatic action by inhibiting protein synthesis in susceptible organisms. Complete suppression of the assimilation of ammonia and of the incorporation of amino acids, particularly glutamic acid, together with an increased formation of ribonucleic acid (RNA), lead to an inhibition of bacterial growth (4, 14, 15, 16, and 17).
Chloramphenicol antagonizes the action of such antibiotics as penicillin and streptomycin, which act only on growing cells, but is synergistic to tetracycline, which also acts by inhibiting protein synthesis. (18) It is possible the chloramphenicol would produce similar synergism with other antibiotics which act by inhibiting protein synthesis.
In this respect, the experimentally demonstrated synergistic action between chloramphenicol and gamma-globulin should be mentioned. Clinical observations in man and corresponding investigations in laboratory animals experimentally infected with various pathogenic bacteria have shown that a combination of chloramphenicol with gamma-globulin or specific antisera has a greater therapeutic effect than would be expected from a mere addition of the individual effects (19,20, 21, and 22).
Many experiments have revealed that the development of resistance to chloramphenicol is rare compared with that occurring with other important antibiotics. (23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, and 34) Bacterial resistance may develop in some strains against chloramphenicol but has been encountered only infrequently in clinical usage.
Chloramphenicol achieves maximum serum levels very rapidly following oral, intravenous and intraperitoneal administration. Intramuscular injection with chloramphenicol, except certain soluble forms, results in a somewhat delayed absorption and lower serum levels than when given by the oral, intravenous, or intraperitoneal route.
Chloramphenicol diffuses readily into all body tissues, but at different concentrations. Highest concentrations are found in the liver and kidney of dogs indicating that these organs are the main route of inactivation and excretion of the metabolites. The lungs, spleen, heart and skeletal muscles contain concentrations similar to that of the blood (27, 35, 36, 37, 38, and 39).
Chloramphenicol reaches significant concentration in the aqueous and vitreous humors of the eye from the blood (4).
A significant difference from other antibiotics is its marked ability to diffuse into the cerebrospinal fluid. Within three to four hours after administration, the concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid has reached, on the average, 50% of the concentration in the serum. If the meninges are inflamed, the percentage may be even higher (4, 27, 29, 40, 41, 42, and 43).
Chloramphenicol diffuses readily into milk, pleural and ascitic fluids and crosses the placenta attaining concentrations of about 75% of that of the maternal blood (36 and 44).
Chloramphenicol is rather rapidly metabolized, mainly in the liver, by conjugation with glucuronic acid.
Approximately 55% of a single daily dose can be recovered from the urine of a treated dog. A small fraction of this is in the form of unchanged chloramphenicol (36).
A single intravenous dose of 150 mg/kg (approximately 68 mg/lb) in propylene glycol is the maximum dose tolerated by the dog. (45) No toxic effect was observed when dogs were administered orally, 200 mg/kg (approximately 91 mg/lb) daily for over four months. (40) In the mouse, the LD-50 is 150-250 mg/kg (68 to 114 mg/lb) body weight by intravenous injection and 1,500 mg/kg (approximately 681 mg/lb) by the oral administration (1 and 46).
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INDICATIONS & USAGE
INDICATIONS:
Chloramphenicol Tablets are recommended for oral treatment of the following conditions in dogs:
- Bacterial pulmonary infections caused by susceptible microorganisms such as: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Brucella bronchiseptica.
- Infections of the urinary tract caused by susceptible microorganisms such as: Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Corynebacterium renale, Streptococcus spp., and hemolytic Staphylococcus.
- Enteritis caused by susceptible microorganisms such as: E. coli, Proteus spp., Salmonella spp., and Pseudomonas spp.
- Infections associated with canine distemper caused by susceptible microorganims such as: B. bronchiseptica, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Proteus spp., Shigella spp. and Neisseria catarrhalis.
Additional adjunctive therapy should be used when indicated. Most susceptible infectious disease organisms will respond to chloramphenicol therapy in three to five days when the recommended dosage regimen is followed. If no response to chloramphenicol therapy is obtained in three to five days, discontinue its use and review the diagnosis. Also, a change of therapy should be considered.
Laboratory tests should be conducted including in vitro culturing and susceptibility tests on samples collected prior to treatement. - CONTRAINDICATIONS
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WARNINGS
WARNING:
NOT FOR USE IN ANIMALS WHICH ARE RAISED FOR FOOD PRODUCTION. CHLORAMPHENICOL PRODUCTS SHOULD NOT BE ADMINISTERED IN CONJUNCTION WITH OR 2 HOURS PRIOR TO THE INDUCTION OF GENERAL ANESTHESIA WITH PENTOBARBITAL BECAUSE OF PROLONGED RECOVERY.
CHLORAMPHENICOL SHOULD NOT BE ADMINISTERED TO DOGS MAINTAINED FOR BREEDING PURPOSES. SOME EXPERIMENTS INDICATE THAT CHLORAMPHENICOL CAUSES IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS, PARTICULARLY IN FEMALES, SIGNIFICANT DISORDERS IN MORPHOLOGY AS WELL AS IN FUNCTION OF THE GONADS.
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WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
HAZARDS AND PRECAUTIONS:
1. This antibiotic contains a chemical structure (nitrobenzene group) that is characteristic of a group of drugs long known to depress hematopoietic activity of the bone marrow (54).
2. In vitro-tissue culture studies using canine bone marrow cells have demonstrated that extremely high concentrations of chloramphenicol inhibit both uptake of iron by the nucleated red cells and incorporation of iron into heme (55).
3. Chloramphenicol products should not be administered in conjunction with or two hours prior to the induction of general anesthesia with pentobarbitol because of prolonged recovery time.
4. Chloramphenicol products should not be administered to dogs maintained for breeding purposes. Some experiments indicate that chloramphenicol causes, in experimental animals, particularly females, significant disorders in morphology as well as in function of the gonads.
- ADVERSE REACTIONS
- DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION
- WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
- STORAGE AND HANDLING
- HOW SUPPLIED
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REFERENCES
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37. Glazko, A.J., H.E. Carnes, A. Kazenko, L.M. Wolf and T.F. Teutner (1958): Antibiot. Ann. 1957/58, 792-802.
38. Eads, F.E., A.J. Glazko, L.M. Wolf, J.Erlich and M. Galbraith (1952): Amer. J. Vet. Res. 13, 204-206.
39. Leopold, I.H., Nichols, A.C. and Voegl, A.W., Penetration of Chloramphenicol U.S>P. (Chloromycetin) into the Eye. Arch. Ophth., 44:22, 1950.
40. Gruhzit, O.M., R.R. Risken, T.F. Reutner and E. Martino (1949): J. Clin. Invest. 28, 943-951.
41. McCrumb, Jr., R.R., M.J. Snyder and W.J. Hicken (1958): Antibiot. Ann. 1957/58, 837-841.
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45. Ehrlich, J. chloramphenicol. Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 4: 928-936, 1964.
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47. Smith, R.M., D.A. Joslyn, O.M. Gruhzit, I.W. McLean, M.A. Penner and J. Ehrlich (1948): J Bact. 55, 425-448.
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55. Ward, H.P., The Effect of Chloramphenicol on RNA and Heme Synthesis in Bone Marrow Cultures. Journ. Lab and Clinical Med., 68: 403, 1966.
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- PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL
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INGREDIENTS AND APPEARANCE
VICETON
chlormaphenicol tablet, coatedProduct Information Product Type PRESCRIPTION ANIMAL DRUG Item Code (Source) NDC: 61133-2212 Route of Administration ORAL Active Ingredient/Active Moiety Ingredient Name Basis of Strength Strength CHLORAMPHENICOL (UNII: 66974FR9Q1) (CHLORAMPHENICOL - UNII:66974FR9Q1) CHLORAMPHENICOL 250 mg Product Characteristics Color yellow Score 2 pieces Shape ROUND Size 10mm Flavor Imprint Code Contains Packaging # Item Code Package Description Marketing Start Date Marketing End Date 1 NDC: 61133-2212-1 500 in 1 BOTTLE Marketing Information Marketing Category Application Number or Monograph Citation Marketing Start Date Marketing End Date NADA NADA055059 10/23/2017 VICETON
chlormaphenicol tablet, coatedProduct Information Product Type PRESCRIPTION ANIMAL DRUG Item Code (Source) NDC: 61133-2213 Route of Administration ORAL Active Ingredient/Active Moiety Ingredient Name Basis of Strength Strength CHLORAMPHENICOL (UNII: 66974FR9Q1) (CHLORAMPHENICOL - UNII:66974FR9Q1) CHLORAMPHENICOL 500 mg Product Characteristics Color yellow Score 2 pieces Shape ROUND Size 12mm Flavor Imprint Code Contains Packaging # Item Code Package Description Marketing Start Date Marketing End Date 1 NDC: 61133-2213-1 500 in 1 BOTTLE Marketing Information Marketing Category Application Number or Monograph Citation Marketing Start Date Marketing End Date NADA NADA055059 01/01/2018 VICETON
chlormaphenicol tablet, coatedProduct Information Product Type PRESCRIPTION ANIMAL DRUG Item Code (Source) NDC: 61133-2210 Route of Administration ORAL Active Ingredient/Active Moiety Ingredient Name Basis of Strength Strength CHLORAMPHENICOL (UNII: 66974FR9Q1) (CHLORAMPHENICOL - UNII:66974FR9Q1) CHLORAMPHENICOL 1 g Product Characteristics Color yellow Score 2 pieces Shape OVAL Size 10mm Flavor Imprint Code Contains Packaging # Item Code Package Description Marketing Start Date Marketing End Date 1 NDC: 61133-2210-1 100 in 1 BOTTLE Marketing Information Marketing Category Application Number or Monograph Citation Marketing Start Date Marketing End Date NADA NADA055059 01/01/2018 Labeler - Bimeda, Inc. (060492923) Registrant - Bimeda, Inc. (060492923) Establishment Name Address ID/FEI Business Operations Bimeda, Inc. 060492923 manufacture
Trademark Results [Viceton]
Mark Image Registration | Serial | Company Trademark Application Date |
|---|---|
 VICETON 74207033 1756379 Live/Registered |
BIMEDA INC. 1991-09-25 |
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