GRISEOFULVIN tablet, film coated
Griseofulvin by
Drug Labeling and Warnings
Griseofulvin by is a Prescription medication manufactured, distributed, or labeled by Oceanside Pharmaceuticals, Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc. Drug facts, warnings, and ingredients follow.
Drug Details [pdf]
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DESCRIPTION
Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets contain ultramicrosize crystals of griseofulvin, an antibiotic derived from a species of Penicillium.
The chemical name of griseofulvin, USP is 7-Chloro-2’,4,6-trimethoxy-6’ß-methylspiro[benzofuran-2(3H), 1’ – [2] cyclohexene]-3,4’-dione. Its structural formula is:
C17H17ClO6 M.W. 352.77
Griseofulvin, USP occurs as a white to creamy white, odorless powder which is very slightly soluble in water, soluble in acetone, dimethylformamide, and chloroform and sparingly soluble in alcohol.
Each Griseofulvin ultramicrosize tablet contains:
Active Ingredient: griseofulvin ultramicrosize ………………………… 125 mg
Inactive Ingredients: Polyethylene Glycol 8000, Lactose Monohydrate, Colloidal Silicon Dioxide, Crospovidone, Magnesium Stearate, Methylparaben, Polyvinyl Alcohol, Titanium Dioxide, Polyethylene Glycol 3350, and Talc.
OR
Active Ingredient: griseofulvin ultramicrosize ………………………… 250 mg
Inactive Ingredients: Polyethylene Glycol 8000, Magnesium Stearate, Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, Methylparaben, Polyvinyl Alcohol, Titanium Dioxide, Polyethylene Glycol 3350, and Talc.
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CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
Microbiology
Griseofulvin is fungistatic with in vitro activity against various species of Microsporum, Epidermophyton and Trichophyton. It has no effect on bacteria or other genera of fungi.
Pharmacokinetics
Following oral administration, griseofulvin is deposited in the keratin precursor cells and has a greater affinity for diseased tissue. The drug is tightly bound to the new keratin which becomes highly resistant to fungal invasions.
The efficiency of gastrointestinal absorption of ultramicrocrystalline griseofulvin is approximately one and one-half times that of the conventional microsize griseofulvin. This factor permits the oral intake of two-thirds as much ultramicrocrystalline griseofulvin as the microsize form. However, there is currently no evidence that this lower dose confers any significant clinical differences with regard to safety and/or efficacy.
In a bioequivalence study conducted in healthy volunteers (N=24) in the fasted state, 250 mg ultramicrocrystalline griseofulvin tablets were compared with 250 mg ultramicrocrystalline griseofulvin tablets that were physically altered (crushed) and administered with applesauce. The 250 mg ultramicrocrystalline griseofulvin tablets were found to be bioequivalent to the physically altered (crushed) 250 mg ultramicrocrystalline griseofulvin tablets (See Table 1).
Table 1: Mean (± SD) of the Pharmacokinetic Parameters for Griseofulvin administered in applesauce as a Single Dose of Griseofulvin ultramicrosize 250-mg Tablets Uncrushed and Crushed to fasted Healthy Volunteers (N=24) 250 mg Ultramicrocrystalline Griseofulvin Tablets Unaltered 250 mg Ultramicrocrystalline Griseofulvin Tablets Physically Altered (Crushed and in Applesauce) Cmax (ng/mL)
600.61 (± 167.6)
672.61 (± 146.2)
Tmax (hr)
4.04 (± 2.2)
3.08 (± 1.02)
AUC (ng∙hr/mL)
8618.89 (± 1907.2)
9023.71 (± 1911.5)
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INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Griseofulvin ultramicrosize is indicated for the treatment of the following ringworm infections; tinea corporis (ringworm of the body), tinea pedis (athlete's foot), tinea cruris (ringworm of the groin and thigh), tinea barbae (barber's itch), tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp), and tinea unguium (onychomycosis, ringworm of the nails), when caused by one or more of the following genera of fungi: Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton interdigitalis, Trichophyton verrucosum, Trichophyton megnini, Trichophyton gallinae, Trichophyton crateriform, Trichophyton sulphureum, Trichophyton schoenleini, Microsporum audouini, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum and Epidermophyton floccosum. NOTE: Prior to therapy, the type of fungi responsible for the infection should be identified. The use of the drug is not justified in minor or trivial infections which will respond to topical agents alone. Griseofulvin is not effective in the following: bacterial infections, candidiasis (moniliasis), histoplasmosis, actinomycosis, sporotrichosis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, North American blastomycosis, cryptococcosis (torulosis), tinea versicolor and nocardiosis.
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CONTRAINDICATIONS
Two cases of conjoined twins have been reported since 1977 in patients taking griseofulvin during the first trimester of pregnancy. Griseofulvin should not be prescribed to pregnant patients. If the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus.
This drug is contraindicated in patients with porphyria or hepatocellular failure and in individuals with a history of hypersensitivity to griseofulvin.
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WARNINGS
Prophylactic Usage
Safety and efficacy of griseofulvin for prophylaxis of fungal infections have not been established.
Serious Skin Reactions
Severe skin reactions (e.g. Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis) and erythema multiforme have been reported with griseofulvin use. These reactions may be serious and may result in hospitalization or death. If severe skin reactions occur, griseofulvin should be discontinued (see ADVERSE REACTIONS section).
Hepatotoxicity
Elevations in AST, ALT, bilirubin, and jaundice have been reported with griseofulvin use. These reactions may be serious and may result in hospitalization or death. Patients should be monitored for hepatic adverse events and discontinuation of griseofulvin considered if warranted (see ADVERSE REACTIONS section).
Animal Toxicology
Chronic feeding of griseofulvin, at levels ranging from 0.5%-2.5% of the diet resulted in the development of liver tumors in several strains of mice, particularly in males. Smaller particle sizes result in an enhanced effect. Lower oral dosage levels have not been tested. Subcutaneous administration of relatively small doses of griseofulvin once a week during the first three weeks of life has also been reported to induce hepatomata in mice. Thyroid tumors, mostly adenomas but some carcinomas, have been reported in male rats receiving griseofulvin at levels of 2.0%, 1.0% and 0.2% of the diet, and in female rats receiving the two higher dose levels. Although studies in other animal species have not yielded evidence of tumorigenicity, these studies were not of adequate design to form a basis for conclusion in this regard. In subacute toxicity studies, orally administered griseofulvin produced hepatocellular necrosis in mice, but this has not been seen in other species. Disturbances in porphyrin metabolism have been reported in griseofulvin-treated laboratory animals. Griseofulvin has been reported to have a colchicine-like effect on mitosis and cocarcinogenicity with methylcholanthrene in cutaneous tumor induction in laboratory animals.
Usage in Pregnancy – see CONTRAINDICATIONS section.
Animal Reproduction Studies
It has been reported in the literature that griseofulvin was found to be embryotoxic and teratogenic on oral administration to pregnant rats. Pups with abnormalities have been reported in the litters of a few bitches treated with griseofulvin. Suppression of spermatogenesis has been reported to occur in rats, but investigation in man failed to confirm this.
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PRECAUTIONS
Patients on prolonged therapy with any potent medication should be under close observation. Periodic monitoring of organ system function, including renal, hepatic and hematopoietic, should be done. Since griseofulvin is derived from species of Penicillium, the possibility of cross-sensitivity with penicillin exists; however, known penicillin-sensitive patients have been treated without difficulty. Since a photosensitivity reaction is occasionally associated with griseofulvin therapy, patients should be warned to avoid exposure to intense natural or artificial sunlight. Lupus erythematosus or lupus-like syndromes have been reported in patients receiving griseofulvin. Griseofulvin decreases the activity of warfarin-type anticoagulants so that patients receiving these drugs concomitantly may require dosage adjustment of the anticoagulant during and after griseofulvin therapy. Barbiturates usually depress griseofulvin activity and concomitant administration may require a dosage adjustment of the antifungal agent. There have been reports in the literature of possible interactions between griseofulvin and oral contraceptives. The effect of alcohol may be potentiated by griseofulvin, producing such effects as tachycardia and flush.
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ADVERSE REACTIONS
There have been post-marketing reports of severe skin and hepatic adverse events associated with griseofulvin use (see WARNINGS section).
When adverse reactions occur, they are most commonly of the hypersensitivity type such as skin rashes, urticaria, erythema multiforme-like drug reactions, and rarely, angioneurotic edema, and may necessitate withdrawal of therapy and appropriate countermeasures. Paresthesia of the hands and feet have been reported after extended therapy. Other side effects reported occasionally are oral thrush, nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress, diarrhea, headache, fatigue, dizziness, insomnia, mental confusion, and impairment of performance of routine activities. Proteinuria and leukopenia have been reported rarely. Administration of the drug should be discontinued if granulocytopenia occurs. When rare, serious reactions occur with griseofulvin, they are usually associated with high dosages, long periods of therapy, or both.
To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Oceanside Pharmaceuticals, a division of Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LLC, at 1-800-321-4576 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
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DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
Accurate diagnosis of infecting organism is essential. Identification should be made either by direct microscopic examination of a mounting of infected tissue in a solution of potassium hydroxide or by culture on an appropriate medium. Medication must be continued until the infecting organism is completely eradicated as indicated by appropriate clinical or laboratory examination. Representative treatment periods are tinea capitis, 4 to 6 weeks; tinea corporis, 2 to 4 weeks; tinea pedis, 4 to 8 weeks; tinea unguium-depending on rate of growth-fingernails, at least 4 months; toenails, at least 6 months.
General measures in regard to hygiene should be observed to control sources of infection or reinfection. Concomitant use of appropriate topical agents is usually required, particularly in treatment of tinea pedis. In some forms of athlete's foot, yeasts and bacteria may be involved as well as fungi. Griseofulvin will not eradicate the bacterial or monilial infection.
Griseofulvin ultramicrosize tablets may be swallowed whole or crushed and sprinkled onto 1 tablespoonful of applesauce and swallowed immediately without chewing.
Adults
Daily administration of 375 mg (as a single dose or in divided doses) will give a satisfactory response in most patients with tinea corporis, tinea cruris, and tinea capitis. For those fungal infections more difficult to eradicate, such as tinea pedis and tinea unguium, a divided dose of 750 mg is recommended.
Pediatric Use
Approximately 7.3 mg per kg of body weight per day of ultramicrosize griseofulvin is an effective dose for most pediatric patients. On this basis, the following dosage schedule is suggested: 16-27 kg: 125 mg to 187.5 mg daily over 27 kg: 187.5 mg to 375 mg daily
Children and infants 2 years of age and younger - dosage has not been established. Clinical experience with griseofulvin in children with tinea capitis indicates that a single daily dose is effective. Clinical relapse will occur if the medication is not continued until the infecting organism is eradicated.
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HOW SUPPLIED
Griseofulvin ultramicrosize Tablets, 125 mg, white scored, elliptical-shaped, embossed "Gris-PEG" on one side and "125" on the other. The 125 mg strength is film-coated and is available in bottles of 100 (NDC: 68682-519-01).
Griseofulvin ultramicrosize Tablets, 250 mg, white scored, capsule-shaped, embossed "Gris-PEG" on one side and "250" on the other. The 250 mg strength is film-coated and is available in bottles of 100 (NDC: 68682-520-01).
- SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION
- PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 250 mg Bottle Label
- PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 125 mg Bottle Label
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INGREDIENTS AND APPEARANCE
GRISEOFULVIN
griseofulvin tablet, film coatedProduct Information Product Type HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG Item Code (Source) NDC: 68682-520 Route of Administration ORAL Active Ingredient/Active Moiety Ingredient Name Basis of Strength Strength Griseofulvin (UNII: 32HRV3E3D5) (Griseofulvin - UNII:32HRV3E3D5) Griseofulvin 250 mg Inactive Ingredients Ingredient Name Strength POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 8000 (UNII: Q662QK8M3B) MAGNESIUM STEARATE (UNII: 70097M6I30) SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE (UNII: 368GB5141J) METHYLPARABEN (UNII: A2I8C7HI9T) POLYVINYL ALCOHOL (UNII: 532B59J990) TITANIUM DIOXIDE (UNII: 15FIX9V2JP) POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 3350 (UNII: G2M7P15E5P) TALC (UNII: 7SEV7J4R1U) Product Characteristics Color WHITE Score 2 pieces Shape OVAL (capsule-shaped) Size 16mm Flavor Imprint Code GRIS;PEG;250 Contains Packaging # Item Code Package Description Marketing Start Date Marketing End Date 1 NDC: 68682-520-01 100 in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC; Type 0: Not a Combination Product 07/26/2016 Marketing Information Marketing Category Application Number or Monograph Citation Marketing Start Date Marketing End Date NDA authorized generic NDA050475 07/26/2016 GRISEOFULVIN
griseofulvin tablet, film coatedProduct Information Product Type HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG Item Code (Source) NDC: 68682-519 Route of Administration ORAL Active Ingredient/Active Moiety Ingredient Name Basis of Strength Strength Griseofulvin (UNII: 32HRV3E3D5) (Griseofulvin - UNII:32HRV3E3D5) Griseofulvin 125 mg Inactive Ingredients Ingredient Name Strength POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 8000 (UNII: Q662QK8M3B) LACTOSE MONOHYDRATE (UNII: EWQ57Q8I5X) SILICON DIOXIDE (UNII: ETJ7Z6XBU4) CROSPOVIDONE (15 MPA.S AT 5%) (UNII: 68401960MK) MAGNESIUM STEARATE (UNII: 70097M6I30) METHYLPARABEN (UNII: A2I8C7HI9T) POLYVINYL ALCOHOL (UNII: 532B59J990) TITANIUM DIOXIDE (UNII: 15FIX9V2JP) POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 3350 (UNII: G2M7P15E5P) TALC (UNII: 7SEV7J4R1U) Product Characteristics Color WHITE Score 2 pieces Shape OVAL (elliptical-shaped) Size 19mm Flavor Imprint Code GRIS;PEG;125 Contains Packaging # Item Code Package Description Marketing Start Date Marketing End Date 1 NDC: 68682-519-01 100 in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC; Type 0: Not a Combination Product 07/26/2016 Marketing Information Marketing Category Application Number or Monograph Citation Marketing Start Date Marketing End Date NDA authorized generic NDA050475 07/26/2016 Labeler - Oceanside Pharmaceuticals (832011691) Establishment Name Address ID/FEI Business Operations Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc 245141858 MANUFACTURE(68682-520, 68682-519)
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