Tranylcypromine by is a Prescription medication manufactured, distributed, or labeled by Solco Healthcare US, LLC. Drug facts, warnings, and ingredients follow.
Boxed Warning | 1/2018 |
Dosage and Administration ( 2) | 1/2018 |
Contraindications ( 4) | 1/2018 |
Warnings and Precautions ( 5) | 1/2018 |
Most common adverse reactions (>10%) were dry mouth, dizziness, insomnia, sedation, headache, overexcitement, constipation, blurred vision, and tremor ( 6)
To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Solco Healthcare US, LLC at 1-866-257-2597 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
See Full Prescribing Information for a list of products, foods and beverages that can interact with tranylcypromine tablets ( 7)
See 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION and Medication Guide.
Revised: 10/2022
Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors
Antidepressants increased the risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in pediatric and young adult patients in short-term studies. Closely monitor all antidepressant-treated patients for clinical worsening, and for emergence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] . Tranylcypromine tablets are not approved for use in pediatric patients [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4)] .
Hypertensive Crisis with Significant Tyramine Use
Excessive consumption of foods or beverages with significant tyramine content or the use of certain drugs with tranylcypromine tablets or after tranylcypromine tablets discontinuation can precipitate hypertensive crisis. Monitor blood pressure and allow for medication-free intervals between administration of tranylcypromine tablets and interacting drugs. Instruct patients to avoid ingestion of foods and beverages with high tyramine content [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) and Drug Interactions (7.1, 7.2)] .
Tranylcypromine tablets are indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adult patients who have not responded adequately to other antidepressants. Tranylcypromine tablets are not indicated for the initial treatment of MDD due to the potential for serious adverse reactions and drug interactions, and the need for dietary restrictions [see Contraindications (4), Warnings and Precautions (5), and Drug Interactions (7)] .
Tranylcypromine tablets are for oral use. The recommended dosage is 30 mg per day (in divided doses). If patients do not have an adequate response, increase the dosage in increments of 10 mg per day every 1 to 3 weeks to a maximum 30 mg twice daily (60 mg per day). Dosage increases should be made more gradually in patients at risk for hypotension (e.g., geriatric patients) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)] .
Switching from Contraindicated Antidepressants to Tranylcypromine Tablets
After stopping treatment with contraindicated antidepressants, a time period of 4 to 5 half-lives of the other antidepressant or any active metabolite should elapse before starting treatment with tranylcypromine tablets. After stopping treatment with an MAO inhibitor antidepressant, a time period of at least one week or 4 to 5 half-lives of the other MAO inhibitor (whichever is longer) should elapse before starting treatment with tranylcypromine tablets to reduce the risk of additive effects [see Contraindications (4.1) and Drug Interactions (7.1)] .
Switching from tranylcypromine tablets to Other MAOIs or Contraindicated Antidepressants
After stopping tranylcypromine tablets treatment, at least one week should elapse before starting another MAOI (intended to treat MDD) or other contraindicated antidepressants. Refer to the prescribing information of the subsequently used drug for product-specific advice on a medication-free interval [see Contraindications (4.1) and Drug Interactions (7.1)] .
Withdrawal effects, including delirium, have been reported with abrupt discontinuation of tranylcypromine tablets therapy. Higher daily doses and longer duration of use appear to be associated with a higher risk of withdrawal effects. Consider discontinuing tranylcypromine tablets therapy by slow, gradual dosage reduction [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) and Drug Abuse and Dependence (9.3)] .
Prior to initiating treatment with tranylcypromine tablets:
Concomitant use of tranylcypromine tablets or use in rapid succession with the products in Table 1 is contraindicated. Such use may cause severe or life-threatening reactions such as hypertensive crises or serotonin syndrome [see Drug Interactions (7.1)] . Medication-free periods between administration of tranylcypromine tablets and contraindicated agents are recommended [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) and Drug Interactions (7.1)] .
Drug Classes | ||
Non-selective H1 receptor antagonists | ||
Antidepressants including but not limited to:
|
||
Amphetamines and methylphenidates and derivatives | ||
Sympathomimetic products (e.g., cold, hay fever or weight-reducing products that contain vasoconstrictors such as pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine, and ephedrine; or dietary supplements that contain sympathomimetics) | ||
Triptans | ||
Individual Drugs (not included in the above classes) | ||
buspirone | levodopa | s-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM-e) |
carbamazepine | meperidine | tapentadol |
cyclobenzaprine | methyldopa | tetrabenazine |
dextromethorphan | milnacipran | tryptophan |
dopamine | rasagiline | |
hydroxytryptophan | reserpine |
Tranylcypromine tablets are contraindicated in the presence of pheochromocytoma or other catecholamine-releasing paragangliomas because such tumors secrete pressor substances and can lead to hypertensive crisis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] .
In pooled analyses of placebo-controlled trials of antidepressant drugs (SSRIs and other antidepressant classes) that included approximately 77,000 adult patients and 4,500 pediatric patients, the incidence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in antidepressant-treated patients age 24 years and younger was greater than in placebo-treated patients. There was considerable variation in risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among drugs, but there was an increased risk identified in young patients for most drugs studied. There were differences in absolute risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors across the different indications, with the highest incidence in patients with MDD. The drug-placebo differences in the number of cases of suicidal thoughts and behaviors per 1000 patients treated are provided in Table 2.
Age Range | Drug-Placebo Difference in Number of Patients of Suicidal Thoughts or Behaviors per 1000 Patients Treated |
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Increases Compared to Placebo | |
<18 years old | 14 additional patients |
18-24 years old | 5 additional patients |
Decreases Compared to Placebo | |
25-64 years old | 1 fewer patient |
≥65 years old | 6 fewer patients |
It is unknown whether the risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in children, adolescents, and young adults extends to longer-term use, i.e., beyond four months. However, there is substantial evidence from placebo-controlled maintenance trials in adults with MDD that antidepressants delay the recurrence of depression and that depression itself is a risk factor for suicidal thoughts and behaviors.
Monitor all antidepressant-treated patients for any indication for clinical worsening and emergence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors, especially during the initial few months of drug therapy, and at times of dosage changes. Counsel family members or caregivers of patients to monitor for changes in behavior and to alert the healthcare provider. Consider changing the therapeutic regimen, including possibly discontinuing tranylcypromine tablets, in patients whose depression is persistently worse, or who are experiencing emergent suicidal thoughts or behaviors.
Hypertensive Crisis
MAOIs, including tranylcypromine tablets, have been associated with hypertensive crises caused by the ingestion of foods or beverages with a high concentration of tyramine. In addition, hypertensive reactions and crises may occur with concomitant use of other drugs [see Drug Interactions (7.1)] . Patients with hyperthyroidism may be at greater risk of hypertensive crisis.
Signs, Symptoms, and Complications of Hypertensive Crisis: In some patients a hypertensive crisis constitutes a hypertensive emergency, which requires immediate attention to prevent serious complications or fatal outcome. These emergencies are characterized by severe hypertension (e.g., with a blood pressure of more than 180/120 mm Hg) and evidence of organ dysfunction. Symptoms may include occipital headache (which may radiate frontally), palpitations, neck stiffness or soreness, nausea or vomiting, sweating (sometimes with fever or cold, clammy skin), dilated pupils, photophobia, shortness of breath, or confusion. Either tachycardia or bradycardia may be present and may be associated with constricting chest pain. Seizures may also occur. Intracranial bleeding, sometimes fatal, has been reported in association with the increase in blood pressure.
Strategies to Reduce the Risk of Hypertensive Crisis: Instruct patients to avoid foods and beverages with high tyramine content while being treated with tranylcypromine tablets and for 2 weeks after stopping tranylcypromine tablets [see Drug Interactions (7.2)] . Careful evaluation of the benefits and risks of tranylcypromine tablets therapy is necessary in patients with:
In all patients taking tranylcypromine tablets, monitor blood pressure closely to detect evidence of increased blood pressure. Full reliance should not be placed on blood pressure readings. The patient should also be observed for other signs and symptoms of hypertensive crisis.
Treatment of Hypertensive Crisis: Therapy should be interrupted with symptoms that may be prodromal or a manifestation of a hypertensive crisis, such as palpitations or headaches, and patients should be evaluated immediately. Discontinue tranylcypromine tablets, other drugs, foods or beverages suspected to contribute to the hypertensive crisis immediately [see Drug Interactions (7.1, 7.2)] .
Patients with severe elevations in blood pressure (e.g., more than 180/120 mm Hg) with evidence of organ dysfunction require immediate blood pressure reduction. Fever should be managed by means of external cooling. However, additional measures to control the causes of hyperthermia (psychomotor agitation, increased neuromuscular activity, persistent seizures) may be required.
Hypertension
Clinically significant increases in blood pressure have also been reported after the administration of MAOIs, including tranylcypromine tablets, in patients not ingesting tyramine-rich foods or beverages. Assess blood pressure before prescribing tranylcypromine tablets and closely monitor blood pressure in all patients taking tranylcypromine tablets.
The development of a potentially life-threatening serotonin syndrome has been reported with MAOIs when used concomitantly with other serotonergic drugs. Such drugs include SSRIs, SNRIs, tricyclic antidepressants, triptans, fentanyl, lithium, tramadol, tryptophan, buspirone, St. John's wort, S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM-e), and other MAOIs used to treat nonpsychiatric disorders (such as linezolid or intravenous methylene blue).
Manifestations of the serotonin syndrome may include mental status changes (e.g., agitation, hallucinations, delirium, coma), autonomic instability (e.g., tachycardia, labile blood pressure, dizziness, diaphoresis, flushing, hyperthermia; with possible rapid fluctuations of vital signs), neuromuscular symptoms (e.g., tremor, rigidity, myoclonus, hyperreflexia, incoordination), seizures, and/or gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea). Fatal outcome of serotonin syndrome has been reported, including in patients who had been treated with tranylcypromine tablets. In some cases of an interaction between tranylcypromine tablets and SSRIs or SNRIs, the features of the syndrome resembled neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
The concomitant use, or use in rapid succession, of tranylcypromine tablets with other serotonergic drugs is contraindicated. However, there may be circumstances when treatment with other serotonergic substances (such as linezolid or intravenous methylene blue) is necessary and cannot be delayed. In such cases, tranylcypromine tablets must be discontinued as soon as possible before initiating treatment with the other agent.
Treatment with tranylcypromine tablets and any concomitant serotonergic agents should be discontinued immediately if the above events occur, and supportive symptomatic treatment should be initiated.
In patients with bipolar disorder, treating a depressive episode with tranylcypromine tablets or another antidepressant may precipitate a mixed/manic episode. Prior to initiating treatment with tranylcypromine tablets, screen patients for any personal or family history of bipolar disorder, mania, or hypomania.
Hypotension, including postural hypotension, has been observed during therapy with tranylcypromine tablets. At doses above 30 mg daily, postural hypotension is a major adverse reaction and may result in syncope. Symptoms of postural hypotension are seen most commonly, but not exclusively, in patients with pre-existing hypertension. Blood pressure usually returns rapidly to pretreatment levels upon discontinuation of tranylcypromine tablets.
Dosage increases should be made more gradually in patients with a tendency toward hypotension and/or postural hypotension (e.g., elderly patients) [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) and Use in Specific Populations (8.5)] . Such patients should be closely observed for postural changes in blood pressure throughout treatment. Also, when tranylcypromine tablets are used concomitantly with other agents known to cause hypotension, the possibility of additive hypotensive effects should be considered [see Drug Interactions (7.1)] . Postural hypotension may be relieved by having patients lie down until blood pressure returns to normal.
It is recommended that tranylcypromine tablets be discontinued at least 10 days prior to elective surgery. If this is not possible, for general anesthesia, regional and local anesthesia, and perioperative care avoid the use of agents that are contraindicated for concomitant use with tranylcypromine tablets. Carefully consider the risk of agents and techniques that increase the risk for hypotension (e.g., epidural or spinal anesthesia) or other adverse reactions to tranylcypromine tablets (e.g., hypertension associated with the use of vasoconstrictors in local anesthetics).
If in the absence of therapeutic alternatives emergency treatment with a contraindicated product (e.g., linezolid, intravenous methylene blue, direct-acting sympathomimetic drugs such as epinephrine) becomes necessary and cannot be delayed, discontinue tranylcypromine tablets as soon as possible before initiating treatment with the other product and monitor closely for adverse reactions [see Drug Interactions (7.1)] .
Abrupt discontinuation or dosage reduction of tranylcypromine tablets has been associated with the appearance of new symptoms that include dizziness, nausea, headache, irritability, insomnia, diarrhea, anxiety, fatigue, abnormal dreams, and hyperhidrosis. In general, discontinuation events occurred more frequently with longer duration of therapy.
There have been spontaneous reports of adverse reactions occurring upon discontinuation of MAOIs, particularly when abrupt, including dysphoric mood, irritability, agitation, dizziness, sensory disturbances (e.g. paresthesia, such as electric shock sensations), anxiety, confusion, headache, lethargy, emotional lability, insomnia, hypomania, tinnitus, and seizures. While these reactions are generally self-limiting, there have been reports of prolonged discontinuation symptoms.
Patients should be monitored for these symptoms when discontinuing treatment with tranylcypromine tablets. A gradual reduction in the dose rather than abrupt cessation is recommended whenever possible [see Dosage and Administration (2.3) and Adverse Reactions (6)] .
Although excretion of tranylcypromine tablets are rapid, inhibition of MAO may persist up to 10 days following discontinuation. This should be taken into account when considering the use of potentially interacting substances or the consumption of tyramine-rich food or beverages [see Drug Interactions (7.2)] , or when interpreting adverse reactions observed after discontinuation of tranylcypromine tablets. Care should be taken to differentiate symptoms of persistent MAO inhibition from withdrawal symptoms [see Drug Abuse and Dependence (9.3)] .
Hepatitis and elevated aminotransferases have been reported in association with tranylcypromine tablets administration. Patients should be monitored accordingly. Tranylcypromine tablets should be discontinued in patients who develop signs and symptoms of hepatotoxicity.
Sedation has occurred in tranylcypromine tablets-treated patients with cirrhosis. Patients with cirrhosis receiving tranylcypromine tablets should be monitored for possible increased risks of central nervous system adverse reactions, such as excessive drowsiness.
Seizures have been reported with tranylcypromine tablets withdrawal after abuse, and with overdose. Patients at risk for seizures should be monitored accordingly.
Some MAOIs have contributed to hypoglycemic episodes in diabetic patients receiving insulin or other blood-glucose-lowering agents. Monitor blood glucose in patients receiving both tranylcypromine tablets and blood-glucose-lowering agents. A reduction of the dosage of such agents may be necessary [see Drug Interactions (7.1)].
Tranylcypromine tablets may aggravate coexisting symptoms in depression, such as anxiety and agitation.
Some tranylcypromine tablets adverse reactions (e.g., hypotension, faintness, drowsiness, confusion, disorientation) can impair a patient's ability to operate machinery or use an automobile. Patients should be cautioned about operating hazardous machinery, including automobiles, until they are reasonably certain that tranylcypromine tablets therapy does not impair their ability to engage in such activities.
The following adverse reactions are described in greater detail in other sections:
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
Based on clinical trial data, the most common adverse reactions to tranylcypromine were dry mouth, dizziness, insomnia, sedation, and headache (>30%) and overexcitement, constipation, blurred vision, and tremor (>10%).
The following adverse reactions have been identified in clinical trials or during postapproval use of tranylcypromine tablets:
Blood and lymphatic system disorders: agranulocytosis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia
Endocrine disorders: impaired water excretion compatible with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
Metabolism and nutrition disorders: significant anorexia, weight gain
Psychiatric disorders: excessive stimulation/overexcitement, manic symptoms/hypomania, agitation, insomnia, anxiety, confusion, disorientation, loss of libido
Nervous system disorders: dizziness, restlessness/akathisia, akinesia, ataxia, myoclonic jerks, tremor, hyperreflexia, muscle spasm, paresthesia, numbness, memory loss, sedation, drowsiness, dysgeusia, headaches (without blood pressure elevation)
Eye disorders: blurred vision, nystagmus
Ear and labyrinth disorders: tinnitus
Cardiac disorders: tachycardia, palpitations
Vascular disorders: hypertensive crisis, hypertension, hypotension (including postural hypotension with syncope)
Gastrointestinal disorders: diarrhea, constipation, nausea, abdominal pain, dry mouth, fissuring in corner of mouth
Hepatobiliary disorders: hepatitis, elevated aminotransferases
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: localized scleroderma, flare-up of cystic acne, urticaria, rash, alopecia, sweating
Renal and urinary disorders: urinary retention, urinary incontinence, urinary frequency
Reproductive system and breast disorders: impotence, delayed ejaculation
General disorders and administration site conditions: edema, chills, weakness, fatigue/lethargy
Tables 3 and 4 lists drug classes and individual products, respectively, with a potential for interaction with tranylcypromine tablets, describes the predominant observed or anticipated risks, and provides advice on concomitant use. Given serious adverse reactions with multiple agents, patients should avoid taking over-the-counter medications or dietary supplements without prior consultation with a healthcare provider able to provide advice on the potential for interactions.
Time to Start Tranylcypromine Tablets after Discontinuation of a Contraindicated Drug
For products that are contraindicated with tranylcypromine tablets, a time period of 4 to 5 half-lives of the other product or any active metabolite should elapse before starting treatment with tranylcypromine tablets. After stopping treatment with an MAO inhibitor antidepressant, a time period of at least 1 week or 4 to 5 half-lives of the other MAO inhibitor (whichever is longer) should elapse before starting treatment with tranylcypromine tablets because of the risk for clinically significant adverse reactions after discontinuation due to persistent MAO inhibition [see Dosage and Administration (2.2), Warnings and Precautions (5.9)] . This period can be several weeks long (e.g., a minimum of 5 weeks for fluoxetine given fluoxetine's long half-life). Refer to the prescribing information of the contraindicated product for relevant information.
Time to Start Contraindicated Drug after Discontinuation of Tranylcypromine Tablets
The potential for interactions persists after discontinuation of tranylcypromine tablets until MAO activity has sufficiently recovered. Inhibition of MAO may persist up to 10 days following discontinuation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9)] . After stopping tranylcypromine tablets, at least 1 week should elapse before starting another MAOI (intended to treat MDD) or other contraindicated antidepressants. Refer to the prescribing information of any agent considered for subsequent use for recommendations on the duration of a waiting period after discontinuation of a MAO inhibitor.
If in the absence of therapeutic alternatives and emergency treatment with a contraindicated drug (e.g., linezolid, intravenous methylene blue, direct-acting sympathomimetic drugs such as epinephrine) becomes necessary and cannot be delayed, discontinue tranylcypromine tablets as soon as possible before initiating treatment with the other agent, and monitor closely for adverse reactions.
Product | Clinical Comment on Concomitant Use † | Predominant Effect/Risk
[Hypertensive Reaction (HR) ‡ or Serotonin Syndrome (SS) §] |
---|---|---|
|
||
Agents with blood pressure-reducing effects | Use with caution ¶ | Hypotension # |
Non-selective H1 receptor antagonists | Contraindicated † | Increased anticholinergic effects |
Beta-adrenergic blockers (see also agents or procedures with blood pressure-reducing effects) | Use with caution ¶ | More pronounced bradycardia, postural hypotension # |
Blood glucose-lowering agents | Dosage reduction of such agents may be necessary. Monitor blood glucose. | Excessive reduction of blood glucose (additive effect) Þ |
CNS depressant agents (including opioids, alcohol, sedatives, hypnotics) | Use with caution ¶ | Increased CNS depression |
Dietary supplements containing sympathomimetics | Contraindicated † | |
Antidepressants including but not limited to:
| Contraindicated † | SS for all antidepressants For MAOIs, increased MAO inhibition and risk of adverse reactions, SS, and HR ß |
Amphetamines and methylphenidates and derivatives | Contraindicated † | HR |
Sympathomimetic drugs à | Contraindicated † | HR; Including risk of intracerebral hemorrhage |
Triptans | Contraindicated † | SS |
Product | Clinical Comment on Concomitant Use † | Predominant Effect/Risk
[Hypertensive Reaction (HR) ‡ or Serotonin Syndrome (SS) §] |
---|---|---|
|
||
Altretamine | Use with caution ¶ | Orthostatic hypotension # |
Buspirone | Contraindicated † | HR |
Carbamazepine | Contraindicated † | SS |
Chlorpromazine | Use with caution ¶ | Hypotensive effects # |
Cyclobenzaprine | Contraindicated † | SS |
Dextromethorphan | Contraindicated † | SS; Psychosis, bizarre behavior |
Dopamine | Contraindicated † | HR |
Droperidol | Use with caution ¶ | QT interval prolongation |
Entacapone | Use with caution ¶ | HR |
Fentanyl | Use with caution ¶ | SS |
Hydroxytryptophan | Contraindicated † | SS |
Levodopa | Contraindicated † | HR |
Lithium | Use with caution ¶ | SS |
Meperidine | Contraindicated † | SS |
Methadone | Use with caution ¶ | SS |
Methyldopa | Contraindicated † | HR |
Metoclopramide | Use with caution ¶ | HR/SS |
Mirtazapine | Contraindicated † | SS |
Oxcarbazepine | Use with caution ¶ because of close structural relationship with tricyclic antidepressants | SS |
Rasagiline | Contraindicated † | HR |
Reserpine | Contraindicated † | HR |
S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM-e) | Contraindicated † | SS |
Tapentadol | Contraindicated † | HR/SS |
Tetrabenazine | Contraindicated † | HR |
Tolcapone | Use with caution ¶ | HR |
Tramadol | Use with caution ¶ | SS; Increased seizure risk |
Tryptophan | Contraindicated † | SS |
Tranylcypromine tablets inhibits intestinal MAO, which is responsible for the catabolism of tyramine in food and beverages. As a result of this inhibition, large amounts of tyramine may enter the systemic circulation and precipitate a sudden elevation in blood pressure or hypertensive crisis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] . Instruct tranylcypromine tablets-treated patients to avoid foods and beverages with significant tyramine content during treatment with tranylcypromine tablets or within 2 weeks of stopping treatment (see Table 5 for a list of food and beverages containing significant amounts of tyramine).
Class of Food or Beverage | Tyramine-Rich Foods and Beverages to Avoid | Acceptable Foods and Drinks, Containing No or Little Tyramine |
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Meat, Poultry, and Fish | Air dried, aged and fermented meats, sausages and salamis (including cacciatore, hard salami and mortadella); pickled herring; and any spoiled or improperly stored meat, poultry, and fish (e.g., foods that have undergone changes in coloration, odor, or become moldy); spoiled or improperly stored animal livers | Fresh meat, poultry, and fish, including fresh processed meats (e.g., lunch meats, hot dogs, breakfast sausage, and cooked sliced ham) |
Vegetables | Broad bean pods (fava bean pods) | All other vegetables |
Dairy | Aged cheeses | Processed cheeses, mozzarella, ricotta cheese, cottage cheese, and yogurt |
Beverages | All varieties of tap beer and beers that have not been pasteurized so as to allow for ongoing fermentation and excessive amounts of caffeine. | Concomitant use of alcohol with tranylcypromine tablets is not recommended. (Bottled and canned beers and wines contain little or no tyramine.) |
Other | Concentrated yeast extract (e.g., Marmite), sauerkraut, most soybean products (including soy sauce and tofu), OTC supplements containing tyramine, and chocolate | Brewer's yeast, baker's yeast, soy milk, commercial chain restaurant pizzas prepared with cheeses low in tyramine |
Risk Summary
There are limited published reports of placental infarction and congenital anomalies in association with use of tranylcypromine tablets during pregnancy; however, these reports may not adequately inform the presence or absence of drug-associated risk with the use of tranylcypromine tablets during pregnancy. In the U.S. general population, the background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively. Animal embryo-fetal development studies were not conducted with tranylcypromine; however, published animal reproduction studies report placental transfer of tranylcypromine in rats and a dose-dependent decrease in uterine blood flow in pregnant sheep. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus.
Clinical Considerations
Labor or Delivery
During labor and delivery, the potential for interactions between tranylcypromine tablets and drugs or procedures (e.g., epidural anesthesia) should be taken into account in women who have received tranylcypromine tablets [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) and Drug Interactions (7.1)] .
Risk Summary
Tranylcypromine is present in human milk. There is no available information on the effects of tranylcypromine on milk production. There is no available information on the effects of tranylcypromine on a breastfed child; however, because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in a breastfed infant, advise nursing women to discontinue breastfeeding during treatment with tranylcypromine tablets.
Safety and effectiveness of tranylcypromine tablets in the pediatric population have not been established. All risks associated with the use of tranylcypromine tablets, including the risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior, apply to adults and pediatric patients [see Boxed Warning and Warnings and Precautions (5)] .
Older patients may be at greater risk of postural hypotension and other serious adverse reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5)] . In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.
Abuse of tranylcypromine tablets has been reported. Some of these patients had a history of previous substance abuse.
The potential for abuse and the increased risk of serious adverse reactions with higher doses should be taken into account when considering the use of tranylcypromine tablets for patients at increased risk for substance abuse.
Dependence, evidenced by precipitation of withdrawal effects following abrupt discontinuation of tranylcypromine tablets has been reported. Reported withdrawal effects included delirium (even with low daily doses), restlessness, anxiety, confusion, hallucinations, headache, weakness, diarrhea, and/or rapid relapse into depression. Thrombocytopenia and liver enzyme increases have also been observed in association with tranylcypromine tablets withdrawal from high doses [see Overdosage (10.1)]
Withdrawal effects have appeared within 1 to 3 days of discontinuation and have persisted for several weeks after discontinuation. The use of daily doses greater than recommended and longer duration of use appear to be associated with a higher risk of withdrawal effects.
Monitor for withdrawal effects for at least 1 week after discontinuation. Consider discontinuing tranylcypromine tablets therapy by slow, gradual dose reduction [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)] .
Overdose of tranylcypromine tablets can cause the adverse reactions generally associated with tranylcypromine tablets administration [see Warnings and Precautions (5), Adverse Reactions (6) and Drug Interactions (7.1)] . However, these reactions may be more severe, including fatal reactions. Effects reported with overdosage of tranylcypromine tablets and/or other MAOIs include:
There are no specific antidotes for tranylcypromine tablets. For current information on the management of poisoning or overdosage, contact a poison control center at 1-800-222-1222.
Abrupt withdrawal of tranylcypromine tablets following overdosage can precipitate withdrawal symptoms, including delirium [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) and Drug Abuse and Dependence (9.3)] .
Medical management should normally consist of general supportive measures, close observation of vital signs, and steps to counteract specific manifestations as they occur [see Warnings and Precautions (5)] .The toxic effects of tranylcypromine tablets may be delayed or prolonged following the last dose of the drug [ see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)] . Therefore, the patient should be closely observed for at least 1 week.
Data on the dialyzability of tranylcypromine are lacking.
Tranylcypromine sulfate, the active ingredient of Tranylcypromine Tablets, USP, is a non-hydrazine MAOI. The chemical name is (±)- trans-2-phenylcyclopropylamine sulfate (2:1). The molecular formula is (C 9H 11N) 2∙H 2SO 4 and its molecular weight is 364.46. The structural formula is:
Tranylcypromine film-coated tablets are intended for oral administration. Each round, red tablet is debossed on one side with "10" and plain on the other side, and contains tranylcypromine sulfate equivalent to 10 mg of tranylcypromine.
Inactive ingredients consist of microcrystalline cellulose, pregelatinized starch, colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, talc, FD&C Red No. 40-Aluminum Lake, titanium dioxide, and carmine.
The mechanism of action of tranylcypromine tablets as an antidepressant is not fully understood, but is presumed to be linked to potentiation of monoamine neurotransmitter activity in the central nervous system (CNS) resulting from its irreversible inhibition of the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO).
Although tranylcypromine is eliminated in 24 hours, recovery MAO activity takes up to 3 to 5 days [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9)] .
Tranylcypromine Tablets, USP are available as round, red, film-coated tablets debossed with "10" on one side and plain on the other side, containing tranylcypromine sulfate equivalent to 10 mg of tranylcypromine. They are supplied in bottles of 100 tablets with a desiccant.
Advise the patient to read FDA-approved patient labeling (Medication Guide).
Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors
Advise patients and caregivers to look for the emergence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors, especially early during treatment and when the dosage is adjusted up or down [see Box Warning and Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] .
Hypertensive Crisis
Advise the patient on possible symptoms and instruct the patient to seek immediate medical attention if related signs or symptoms are present [see Boxed Warning and Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]
Serotonin Syndrome
Advise the patient on possible symptoms, and explain the potentially fatal nature of serotonin syndrome and that it may result from an interaction with other serotonergic drugs. Instruct the patient to seek immediate medical attention if related signs or symptoms are present [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]
Interaction with Other Drugs and Dietary Supplements [see Contraindications (4.1) and Drug Interactions (7.1)]
Interaction with Foods and Beverages [see Contraindications (4.1) and Drug Interactions (7.2)]
Hypotension
Advise the patient to report any symptoms of hypotension in the initial phase of treatment to the healthcare provider, because occurrence of such symptoms may require discontinuation [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) and Warnings and Precautions (5.5)] .
Withdrawal Symptoms
Warn the patient not to stop tranylcypromine tablets treatment abruptly, as withdrawal symptoms may occur and that the effect of tranylcypromine tablets may continue even after discontinuation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8, 5.9)] .
Aggravation of Coexisting Symptoms of Depression
Inform the patient that tranylcypromine tablets may aggravate coexisting symptoms in depression, such as anxiety and agitation and instruct them to contact their healthcare provider if they experience such symptoms [see Warnings and Precautions (5.13)] .
Effects on Ability to Drive or Use Machinery [see Warnings and Precautions (5.14)]
MEDICATION GUIDE
Tranylcypromine Tablets, USP (tran"-ill-sip'-roe-meen) |
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What is the most important information I should know about tranylcypromine tablets?
Tranylcypromine tablets can cause serious side effects including:
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A hypertensive crisis can also happen if you take tranylcypromine tablets with certain other medicines. See, "
Who should not take tranylcypromine tablets?"
Avoid foods and drinks with a lot of tyramine while taking tranylcypromine tablets and for 2 weeks after you stop taking it. For a list of some of the foods and drinks you should avoid during treatment with tranylcypromine tablets see, " What should I avoid while taking tranylcypromine tablets?" |
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What are tranylcypromine tablets?
Tranylcypromine tablets are a prescription medicine used to treat adults with a certain type of depression called major depressive disorder (MDD) who have not responded well to treatment with other medicines used to treat depression (antidepressants). Tranylcypromine tablets belong to a class of medicines called monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs).
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Who should not take tranylcypromine tablets?
Taking tranylcypromine tablets with certain antidepressants and certain pain, allergy symptom, and cold and cough symptom medicines may cause a potentially life-threatening hypertensive crisis or a problem called serotonin syndrome. See, " What is the most important information I should know about tranylcypromine tablets?" and " What are the possible side effects of tranylcypromine tablets?" |
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Do not take tranylcypromine tablets if you:
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Before taking tranylcypromine tablets, tell your healthcare provider about all your medical conditions, including if you:
Tranylcypromine tablets and some other medicines may affect each other causing serious side effects. Tranylcypromine tablets may affect the way other medicines work, and other medicines may affect how tranylcypromine tablets work. Some medicines need to be stopped for a period of time before you can start taking tranylcypromine tablets and for a period of time after you stop taking tranylcypromine tablets. Know the medicines you take. Keep a list of them to show your healthcare providers, pharmacist, and dentist when you get a new medicine. |
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How should I take tranylcypromine tablets?
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What should I avoid while taking tranylcypromine tablets?
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Type of Food and Drink that contain Tyramine | ||||||
Meat, Poultry, and Fish |
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Vegetables |
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Dairy (milk products) |
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Drinks |
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Other |
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What are the possible side effects of tranylcypromine tablets?
Tranylcypromine tablets may cause serious side effects, including:
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If you have any of these symptoms, call your healthcare provider or go to the nearest hospital emergency room right away. | ||||||
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These are not all the side effects of tranylcypromine tablets.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. |
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How do I store tranylcypromine tablets?
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General information about the safe and effective use of tranylcypromine tablets.
For more information contact Solco Healthcare at 866-931-9829 or at www.solcohealthcare.com. |
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What are the ingredients in tranylcypromine tablets?
Distributed by: This Medication Guide has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration L7152 Rev. 10/2022 |
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TRANYLCYPROMINE
tranylcypromine tablet |
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Labeler - Solco Healthcare US, LLC (828343017) |