PainDefense

Manufacturer
PharmWest Inc.
Effective date
2014-08-20
Label type
HUMAN OTC DRUG LABEL
Version
1
Source
full-release
Hydrated at
2026-06-01 02:05:56

Label at a glance#

ProductPainDefense
Active ingredientACTAEA SPICATA ROOT, HORSE CHESTNUT, ARNICA MONTANA, BELLIS PERENNIS, BRYONIA ALBA ROOT, OYSTER SHELL CALCIUM CARBONATE, CRUDE, CALCIUM FLUORIDE, CAUSTICUM, BLACK COHOSH, FORMIC ACID, HYPERICUM PERFORATUM, LEMNA MINOR, LITHIUM CARBONATE, MAGNESIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC TRIHYDRATE, PHOSPHORUS, PHYTOLACCA AMERICANA ROOT, PULSATILLA VULGARIS, RHODODENDRON AUREUM LEAF, TOXICODENDRON PUBESCENS LEAF, RUTA GRAVEOLENS FLOWERING TOP, SALICYLIC ACID, SEPIA OFFICINALIS JUICE, ZINC
Label structure9 sections

Label contents#

Full prescribing information#

OTC - ACTIVE INGREDIENT SECTION

Active Ingredients: Official HPUS: Actaea spicata, Aesculus hippocastanum, Arnica montana, Bellis perennis, Bryonia, Calcarea carbonica, Calcarea fluorica, Causticum, Cimicifuga racemosa, Formicum acidum, Hypericum perforatum, Lemna minor, Lithium carbonicum, Magnesia phosphorica, Phosphorus, Phytolacca decandra, Pulsatilla, Rhododendron chrysanthum, Rhus toxicodendron, Ruta graveolens, Salicylicum acidum, Sepia, Zincum metallicum. Equal volumes of each ingredient in 10X, 30X, LM1 potencies.

INACTIVE INGREDIENT SECTION

Inactive ingredients: Citric acid, potassium sorbate, pure water base.

INDICATIONS & USAGE SECTION

Indications for use: For temporary relief from arthritis pain, muscle aches, stiff and swollen joints, chronic pain, back pain, sprain and joint injuries, aching limbs, rheumatic pain.

DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION SECTION

Directions: Spray directly into mouth. Use 3 times daily. Adult dose is 3 pump sprays and childrens dose is 2 pump sprays.

WARNINGS SECTION

Warnings: If symptoms persist or worsen, stop usage and consult a physician. If pregnant or breast-feeding, take only upon advice of a healthcare professional.

OTC - KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN SECTION

Keep out of the reach of children.

OTHER SAFETY INFORMATION

Tamper resistant for your protection. Use only if safety seal is intact.

OTC - PURPOSE SECTION

Indications: For temporary relief from:

  • arthritis pain
  • muscle aches
  • stiff and swollen joints
  • chronic pain
  • back pain
  • sprain and joint injuries
  • aching limbs
  • rheumatic pain

PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL

image descriptionimage description

DailyMed Product Concepts#

Product concept, Relation, Version table
Product conceptRelationVersionEffective
6e3c022f-0786-43f1-8857-edff89d5153fProduct name120260309
95250459-30e4-45c1-b08a-993044f49109Product name220250805
b3053bb1-353b-4a0b-bca5-28fe7228957cProduct name220250124
efd58652-cb8f-4018-91ca-4b0eb2ff729fProduct name720240226
362d7abb-94e6-4c60-9a58-266894157713Product name120231023
e2db08c6-133f-4f4f-afb4-e90a2418d6f6Product name120230320
6bd95106-a412-1dad-b9cc-4cb74bfb27ceProduct name220230315
9badc7be-250a-44ab-aa36-926af3f02679Product name120210527
2641ccb3-721d-4fbf-9f2f-ca2f18157a62Product name320210309
dea2eded-d1e7-46bb-9a3d-f8dc20de6277Product name120190408
11ed6f83-cdd2-4637-8379-b1a1d3ae3cdeProduct name120181101
7cda52fc-125f-421c-8fea-bc1974370c49Product name220180703
86c45a79-b9f0-4476-a27c-6e10db098497Product name120180125
8ce6e144-236f-b7be-f690-f06e0c8c6bd3Product name220170725
26acd337-b838-40ac-bcbc-05c3b81c8712Product name120170323
f09af6ee-c6dd-d0ce-77ad-93508bcdacedProduct name420161205
d5e51f11-ad28-caa4-4b49-4143974782adProduct name120150831
290f523a-f9db-9774-b5a9-e1f908ac1782Product name120150828
e7e58cd3-cacb-49df-8d34-1ee335614abbProduct name120150609
0ca1d589-929b-4b33-bc5b-1d84abdafa6aProduct name120150324
fc363c46-397b-4476-ac0f-70e43e8e4592Product name120150324
c6b65c52-69c7-df49-550a-a50c137f6218Product name120140508

FDA-Initiated Inactive NDC Indexing#

NDC, Effective, Action table
NDCEffectiveActionDocumentIndexing SPLRelated label
50441-0001-22020-01-31C16284748780-19d75b9d0-f841-f424-e053-dadaa90a57cePainDefense

DailyMed Package Descriptions#

Package NDC, Product, Description table
Package NDCProductDescriptionFormQuantityStrengthSPL version
50441-0001-2PainDefense59 mL in 1 BOTTLE, SPRAYLIQUID591

DailyMed Dashboard NDC Coverage#

NDC, Dashboard title, SPL version table
NDCDashboard titleSPL versionValidationDashboard ZIP
50441-0001PAINDEFENSE (ACTAEA SPICATA, AESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM, ARNICA MONTANA, BELLIS PERENNIS, BRYONIA, CALCAREA CARBONICA, CALCAREA FLUORICA, CAUSTICUM, CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA, FORMICUM ACIDUM, HYPERICUM PERFORATUM, LEMNA MINOR, LITHIUM CARBONICUM, MAGNESIA PHOSPHORICA, PHOSPHORUS, PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA, PULSATILLA, RHODODENDRON CHRYSANTHUM, RHUS TOXICODENDRON, RUTA GRAVEOLENS, SALICYLICUM ACIDUM, SEPIA, ZINCUM METALLICUM) LIQUID [PHARMWEST INC.]1Legacy NDC, 1 package rows20140820_44f84360-06d0-4e82-9a93-d3e65135c985.zip

DailyMed Socrata Ingredients#

Ingredient, Type, UNII table
IngredientTypeUNIISPL versionUploaded
ACTAEA SPICATA ROOTACTIVE INGREDIENT3FU86L9OS01
ARNICA MONTANAACTIVE INGREDIENTO80TY208ZW1
BELLIS PERENNISACTIVE INGREDIENT2HU33I03UY1
BLACK COHOSHACTIVE INGREDIENTK73E24S6X91
BRYONIA ALBA ROOTACTIVE INGREDIENTT7J046YI2B1
CALCIUM FLUORIDEACTIVE INGREDIENTO3B55K4YKI1
CAUSTICUMACTIVE INGREDIENTDD5FO1WKFU1
FORMIC ACIDACTIVE INGREDIENT0YIW783RG11
HORSE CHESTNUTACTIVE INGREDIENT3C18L6RJAZ1
HYPERICUM PERFORATUMACTIVE INGREDIENTXK4IUX8MNB1
LEMNA MINORACTIVE INGREDIENT621HHM46SV1
LITHIUM CARBONATEACTIVE INGREDIENT2BMD2GNA4V1
MAGNESIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC TRIHYDRATEACTIVE INGREDIENTHF539G9L3Q1
OYSTER SHELL CALCIUM CARBONATE, CRUDEACTIVE INGREDIENT2E32821G6I1
PHOSPHORUSACTIVE INGREDIENT27YLU75U4W1
PHYTOLACCA AMERICANA ROOTACTIVE INGREDIENT11E6VI8VEG1
PULSATILLA VULGARISACTIVE INGREDIENTI76KB35JEV1
RHODODENDRON AUREUM LEAFACTIVE INGREDIENTIV92NQJ73U1
RUTA GRAVEOLENS FLOWERING TOPACTIVE INGREDIENTN94C2U587S1
SALICYLIC ACIDACTIVE INGREDIENTO414PZ4LPZ1
SEPIA OFFICINALIS JUICEACTIVE INGREDIENTQDL83WN8C21
TOXICODENDRON PUBESCENS LEAFACTIVE INGREDIENT6IO182RP7A1
ZINCACTIVE INGREDIENTJ41CSQ7QDS1
ACTAEA SPICATA ROOTACTIVE MOIETY3FU86L9OS01
ARNICA MONTANAACTIVE MOIETYO80TY208ZW1
BELLIS PERENNISACTIVE MOIETY2HU33I03UY1
BLACK COHOSHACTIVE MOIETYK73E24S6X91
BRYONIA ALBA ROOTACTIVE MOIETYT7J046YI2B1
CAUSTICUMACTIVE MOIETYDD5FO1WKFU1
FLUORIDE IONACTIVE MOIETYQ80VPU408O1
FORMIC ACIDACTIVE MOIETY0YIW783RG11
HORSE CHESTNUTACTIVE MOIETY3C18L6RJAZ1
HYPERICUM PERFORATUMACTIVE MOIETYXK4IUX8MNB1
LEMNA MINORACTIVE MOIETY621HHM46SV1
LITHIUM CATIONACTIVE MOIETY8H8Z5UER661
MAGNESIUM CATIONACTIVE MOIETYT6V3LHY8381
OYSTER SHELL CALCIUM CARBONATE, CRUDEACTIVE MOIETY2E32821G6I1
PHOSPHORUSACTIVE MOIETY27YLU75U4W1
PHYTOLACCA AMERICANA ROOTACTIVE MOIETY11E6VI8VEG1
PULSATILLA VULGARISACTIVE MOIETYI76KB35JEV1
RHODODENDRON AUREUM LEAFACTIVE MOIETYIV92NQJ73U1
RUTA GRAVEOLENS FLOWERING TOPACTIVE MOIETYN94C2U587S1
SALICYLIC ACIDACTIVE MOIETYO414PZ4LPZ1
SEPIA OFFICINALIS JUICEACTIVE MOIETYQDL83WN8C21
TOXICODENDRON PUBESCENS LEAFACTIVE MOIETY6IO182RP7A1
ZINCACTIVE MOIETYJ41CSQ7QDS1
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATEINACTIVE INGREDIENT2968PHW8QP1
POTASSIUM SORBATEINACTIVE INGREDIENT1VPU26JZZ41
WATERINACTIVE INGREDIENT059QF0KO0R1

Products#

Every source-derived product name is available through these pages.

DailyMed product names page 1 of 1 · 31 matching rows.

NDC Codes#

Product NDC, Package NDC table
Product NDCPackage NDC
50441-000150441-0001-2

Ingredients#

Every source-derived ingredient row is available through these pages.

DailyMed ingredient rows page 1 of 1 · 26 matching rows.

Source Document#

Source XML

Inactive ingredient matches#

Inactive Ingredient Database values describe FDA-listed use contexts. The match method and ambiguity count are shown because ingredient names, routes, and dosage forms are not always unique. Browse recovered IID releases and source provenance.

Inactive ingredient links page 1 of 2 · 107 matching rows.

DailyMed ingredient, IID ingredient, UNII table
DailyMed ingredientIID ingredientUNIIDosage form / routePotencyMaximum daily exposureMatch
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPINJECTION, POWDER, LYOPHILIZED, FOR SOLUTION / INTRAVENOUS385 mgExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPLIQUID / RESPIRATORY (INHALATION)0.13 %w/wExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPINJECTION / INTRASYNOVIALADJ PHExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPDROPS / ORALNAExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
POTASSIUM SORBATEPOTASSIUM SORBATE1VPU26JZZ4POWDER, FOR SUSPENSION / ORAL19 mgExact identifier — unii candidate
19 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPSOLUTION / TOPICAL17 mgExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
POTASSIUM SORBATEPOTASSIUM SORBATE1VPU26JZZ4SOLUTION/ DROPS / OPHTHALMIC0.47 %w/vExact identifier — unii candidate
19 equally ranked IID candidates
POTASSIUM SORBATEPOTASSIUM SORBATE1VPU26JZZ4TABLET / ORAL6 mgExact identifier — unii candidate
19 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPGRANULE, FOR SUSPENSION / ORAL113 mgExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
POTASSIUM SORBATEPOTASSIUM SORBATE1VPU26JZZ4SUSPENSION / ORAL400 mgExact identifier — unii candidate
19 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPTABLET / ORAL914 mgExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPINJECTION / INTRAVENOUS2068 mgExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPCREAM / TOPICAL4 mgExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPSOLUTION/ DROPS / OPHTHALMIC0.05 %w/vExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPTABLET, EFFERVESCENT / ORAL460 mgExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPSYSTEM / TOPICAL0.2 mgExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPINJECTION / INTRALESIONALADJ PHExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPINJECTION, SOLUTION, CONCENTRATE / INTRAOCULAR1 mgExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPINJECTION, SOLUTION / SUBCUTANEOUS26 mgExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPAEROSOL, FOAM / RECTAL7 mgExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
POTASSIUM SORBATEPOTASSIUM SORBATE1VPU26JZZ4CREAM / TOPICAL0.25 %w/wExact identifier — unii candidate
19 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPINJECTION, SOLUTION / INTRA-ARTICULARADJ PHExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPSOLUTION / NASAL2.8 mg/1mlExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPAEROSOL, FOAM / TOPICAL1 mgExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
POTASSIUM SORBATEPOTASSIUM SORBATE1VPU26JZZ4TABLET, COATED / ORALNAExact identifier — unii candidate
19 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPGEL / TOPICAL1 mgExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
POTASSIUM SORBATEPOTASSIUM SORBATE1VPU26JZZ4AEROSOL, FOAM / TOPICAL8 mgExact identifier — unii candidate
19 equally ranked IID candidates
POTASSIUM SORBATEPOTASSIUM SORBATE1VPU26JZZ4SOLUTION / RECTAL6.67 %w/vExact identifier — unii candidate
19 equally ranked IID candidates
POTASSIUM SORBATEPOTASSIUM SORBATE1VPU26JZZ4SYRUP / ORAL2 mg/1mlExact identifier — unii candidate
19 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPTABLET, COATED / ORALNAExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPINJECTION / PERIDURALNAExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPPOWDER, FOR SUSPENSION / ORAL840 mgExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPTABLET, FILM COATED / ORAL42 mgExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPTROCHE / ORAL12 mgExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPINJECTION / INTRAMUSCULAR28 mgExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
POTASSIUM SORBATEPOTASSIUM SORBATE1VPU26JZZ4TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE / ORAL0.2 mgExact identifier — unii candidate
19 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPTABLET / SUBLINGUAL24 mgExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPSUSPENSION/ DROPS / ORAL19 mgExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPELIXIR / ORAL100 mg/5mlExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPLIQUID / INTRAVENOUS0.2 %w/vExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPINJECTION / INTRABURSALADJ PHExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPPOWDER, FOR SOLUTION / ORAL315 mgExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPINHALANT / RESPIRATORY (INHALATION)NAExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
POTASSIUM SORBATEPOTASSIUM SORBATE1VPU26JZZ4CAPSULE / ORALNAExact identifier — unii candidate
19 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPSOLUTION, CONCENTRATE / INTRAVENOUSNAExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPSWAB / TOPICAL0.05 %w/wExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPSUSPENSION / ORAL269 mgExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPTABLET, ORALLY DISINTEGRATING / ORAL83 mgExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPSUSPENSION, EXTENDED RELEASE / ORAL140.8 mgExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPPOWDER / ORAL840 mgExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPSOLUTION / AURICULAR (OTIC)0.2 %w/vExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPLIQUID / ORAL114 mgExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPINJECTION, SOLUTION / INTRAMUSCULAR26 mgExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
POTASSIUM SORBATEPOTASSIUM SORBATE1VPU26JZZ4SPRAY, METERED / NASAL0.06 mgExact identifier — unii candidate
19 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPEMULSION / TOPICAL0.11 %w/wExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPFILM / SUBLINGUAL10 mgExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPINJECTION, SUSPENSION, EXTENDED RELEASE / INTRAMUSCULAR38 mgExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPSOLUTION / INTRAOCULAR1 mgExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATECITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE2968PHW8QPSPRAY / NASAL9 mgExact identifier — unii candidate
88 equally ranked IID candidates
POTASSIUM SORBATEPOTASSIUM SORBATE1VPU26JZZ4CONCENTRATE / ORAL1 mgExact identifier — unii candidate
19 equally ranked IID candidates

openFDA label cross-check#

OpenFDA label data provides additional search and identifier links. DailyMed’s Structured Product Label is the canonical label on FDA.report. Matching records are deduplicated before they are shown below.

Matched openFDA labels page 1 of 1 · 1 matching rows.

Brand, Generic, Manufacturer table
BrandGenericManufacturerSPL set IDEffective dateAvailable safety fieldsJoin
c8c66c66-0932-4b32-8b8b-80f0972424ca44f84360-06d0-4e82-9a93-d3e65135c9852014-08-20WarningsExact identifier
spl id: c8c66c66-0932-4b32-8b8b-80f0972424ca
spl set id: 44f84360-06d0-4e82-9a93-d3e65135c985

Reported adverse events (FAERS/openFDA)#

Adverse event summaries are temporarily unavailable. Other product information remains available.