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2 Sweeney, M.R., J. McPartlin, and J. Scott, Folic acid fortification and public health: report on threshold doses above which unmetabolised folic acid appear in serum. BMC Public Health, 2007. 7: p. 41
3 Wagner, C., Cellular folate binding proteins; function and significance. Annu Rev Nutr, 1982. 2: p. 229-48.
4 Spector, R. and A.V. Lorenzo, Folate transport in the central nervous system. Am J Physiol, 1975. 229(3): p. 777-82.
5 Selhub, J., Folate, vitamin B12 and vitamin B6 and one carbon metabolism. J Nutr Health Aging, 2002. 6(1): p. 39-42.
6 Wright, A.J., J.R. Dainty, and P.M. Finglas, Folic acid metabolism in human subjects revisited: potential implications for proposed mandatory folic acid fortification in the UK. Br J Nutr, 2007: p. 1-9.
7 Chen, Z., A.C. Karaplis, S.L. Ackerman, I.P. Pogribny, S. Melnyk, S. Lussier-Cacan, M.F. Chen, A. Pai, S.W. John, R.S. Smith, T. Bottiglieri, P. Bagley, J. Selhub, M.A. Rudnicki, S.J. James, and R. Rozen, Mice deficient in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase exhibit hyperhomocysteinemia and decreased methylation capacity, with neuropathology and aortic lipid deposition. Hum Mol Genet, 2001. 10(5): p. 433-43.
8 Willems FF, Boers GH, Blom HJ, et al. Pharmacokinetic Study on the Utilization of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and Folic Acid in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Br J Pharmacol 2004;141:825-830.
9 Lehmann M, Regland B, Blennow K, and Gottfries CG: Vitamin B12-B6- Folate Treatment Improves Blood- Brain Barrier Function in Patients with Hyperhomocysteinaemia and Mild Cognitive Impairment. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 2003; 16:145-150.
10 Hultberg, B., Andersson, A., Masson, P., Larson, M., and Tunek, A. Plasma Homocysteine and Thiol Compound Fractions After Oral Administration of N-Acetylcysteine. Scand.J.Clin.Lab Invest 1994;54(6):417-22.
11 Ventura, P., Panini, R., Abbati, G., Marchetti, G., and Salvioli, G. Urinary and Plasma Homocysteine and Cysteine Levels During Prolonged Oral N-Acetylcysteine Therapy. Pharmacology 2003;68(2):105-14.
12 McCaddon A and Davies G: Coadministration of N-acetylcysteine, vitamin B12 and folate in cognitively impaired hyperhomocysteinaemic patients. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2005; 20(10):998- 1000.
13 McCaddon A and Davies G: Clinical effects of co-administering N-acetylcysteine, vitamin B12 and folate in cognitively impaired hyperhomocysteinaemic patients. Haematologica Reports 2005:1(3):49-50. Poster presentation at the 5th Homocysteine Conference in Milan, Italy June 26th – June 30th 2005.
14 Guidi I, Galimberti D, Lonati S, Novembrino C, Bamonti F, Tiriticco M, Fenoglio C, Venturelli E, Baron P, Bresolin N and Scarpini E: Oxidative imbalance in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiology of Aging 2006; 27(2):262-269.
15 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate. (Monograph), Alternative Medicine Review, 2006. 11(4):330-337
16 Adair JC, Knoefel JE and Morgan N: Controlled trial of N-acetylcysteine for patients with probable Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 2001;57:1515-1517.
17 Boyd-Kimball D, Sultana R, Abdul HM and Butterfield DA: ∂-Glutamylcysteine Ethyl Ester-Induced Up-Regulation of Glutathione Protects Neurons Against Aβ (1-42)-Mediated Oxidative Stress and Neurotoxicity: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease. Journal of Neuroscience Research 2005;79:700- 706.
18 Wiklund O, Fager G, Andersson A, Lundstam U, Masson P and Hultberg B: N-acetylcysteine treatment lowers plasma homocysteine but not serum lipoprotein(a) levels. Atherosclerosis 119 (1996) 99-106.
19 PDR® For Nutritional Supplements, 2001;ISBN: 1-56363-364-7: 477-86.
20 Nilsson K, Gustafson L, and Hultberg B: Improvement of cognitive functions after cobalamin/folate supplementation in elderly patients with dementia and elevated plasma homocysteine. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2001; 16:609-614.
21 Seshadri S, Beiser A, Selhub J, Jacques PF, Rosenberg IH, D'Agostino RB, Wilson PWF, and Wolf PA: Plasma Homocysteine As A Risk Factor For Dementia And Alzheimer's Disease. New England Journal of Medicine 2002:Vol346, No. 7:476-483.
22 B Akoglu, M Schrott, H Bolouri, A Jaffari, E Kutschera, WF Caspary and D Faust: The Folic Acid Metabolite L-5- Methyltetrahydrofolate Effectively Reduces Total Serum Homocysteine Level in Orthotopic Liver Transplant Recipients: A Double-Blind Placebo- Controlled Study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2007), 1–6
23 Scott JM, Weir DG: The Methylfolate Trap. A Physiological Response in Man to Prevent Methyl Group Deficiency in Kwashiokor and an Explanation for Folic-Acid-Induced Exacerbation of Subacute Combined Degeneration in Pernicious Anemia; Lancet. 1981 2:337-340
24 Kuzminski AM, Del Giacco EJ, Allen RH, et al.: Effective Treatment Of Cobalamin Deficiency With Oral Cobalamin. Blood 1998; 92:1191- 1198.
25 Durga J et al. Effect of a 3 year folic acid supplementation on cognitive function in older adults in the FACIT trial; a randomized, double blind, controlled trial. The Lancet 2007;369:208- 216.
26 United States Food and Drug Administration Title 21 Code of federal Regulations 101.9(j)(8).
27 PDR For Nutritional Supplements, (n.19) pp. 157-67.
28 Leucovorin Calcium (folinic acid) For Injection Prescribing Information: December 2003; Mayne Pharma (USA) Inc.
29 Lamictal® (lamotrigine) Prescribing Information:August 2005; GlaxoSmith- Kline.
30 Depakote® (Diavalproex sodium) Prescribing Information:January 2006; Abbott Laboratories.
31 Topamax® (topiramate) Prescribing Information:June 2005; ORTHO-McNEIL NEUROLOGICS, INC.
32 Neurontin® (gabapentin) Prescribing Information:December 2005; Parke- Davis.
33 Lyrica® (pregabalin) Prescribing Information:March 2006; Parke-Davis.
34 Keppra® (levetiracetam) Prescribing Information: March 2007; UCB, Inc.
35 Gabitril (tiagabine) Prescribing Information: March 2005: Cephalon, Inc.
36 Zonegran® (zonisamide) Prescribing Information: December 2004: Elan Pharma International Ltd.; licensed to Eisai Inc