Metaxalone by Keltman Pharmaceuticals Inc. / Sandhills Packaging METAXALONE tablet
Metaxalone by
Drug Labeling and Warnings
Metaxalone by is a Prescription medication manufactured, distributed, or labeled by Keltman Pharmaceuticals Inc., Sandhills Packaging. Drug facts, warnings, and ingredients follow.
Drug Details [pdf]
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DESCRIPTION
Metaxalone tablets are available as an 800 mg tablet.
Chemically, metaxalone is 5-[(3,5-dimethylphenoxy)methyl]-2-oxazolidinone. The empirical formula is C12H15NO3, which corresponds to a molecular weight of 221.25. The structural formula is:
Metaxalone is a white to almost white, odorless crystalline powder freely soluble in chloroform, soluble in methanol and in 96% ethanol, but practically insoluble in ether or water.
Each tablet contains 800 mg metaxalone and the following inactive ingredients: alginic acid, ammonium calcium alginate, B-Rose Liquid, corn starch and magnesium stearate.
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CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
Mechanism of Action
The mechanism of action of metaxalone in humans has not been established, but may be due to general central nervous system depression. Metaxalone has no direct action on the contractile mechanism of striated muscle, the motor end plate or the nerve fiber.
Pharmacokinetics
The pharmacokinetics of metaxalone have been evaluated in healthy adult volunteers after single dose administration of metaxalone tablets under fasted and fed conditions at doses ranging from 400 mg to 800 mg.
Absorption
Peak plasma concentrations of metaxalone occur approximately 3 hours after a 400 mg oral dose under fasted conditions. Thereafter, metaxalone concentrations decline log-linearly with a terminal half-life of 9.0 ± 4.8 hours. Doubling the dose of metaxalone tablets from 400 mg to 800 mg results in a roughly proportional increase in metaxalone exposure as indicated by peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC). Dose proportionality at doses above 800 mg has not been studied. The absolute bioavailability of metaxalone is not known.
The single-dose pharmacokinetic parameters of metaxalone in two groups of healthy volunteers are shown in Table 1.
Table 1: Mean (%CV) Metaxalone Pharmacokinetic Parameters - * Subjects received 1×400mg tablet under fasted conditions (N=42)
- † Subjects received 2×400 mg tablets under fasted conditions (N=59)
Dose (mg) Cmax (ng/mL) Tmax (h) AUC∞ (ng⋅h/mL) T1/2 (h) CL/F (L/h) 400* 983 (53) 3.3 (35) 7479 (51) 9.0 (53) 68 (50) 800† 1816 (43) 3.0 (39) 15044 (46) 8.0 (58) 66 (51) Food Effects
A randomized, two-way, crossover study was conducted in 42 healthy volunteers (31 males, 11 females) administered one 400 mg metaxalone tablet under fasted conditions and following a standard high-fat breakfast. Subjects ranged in age from 18 to 48 years (mean age = 23.5 ± 5.7 years). Compared to fasted conditions, the presence of a high fat meal at the time of drug administration increased Cmax by 177.5% and increased AUC (AUC0-t, AUC∞) by 123.5% and 115.4%, respectively. Time-to-peak concentration (Tmax) was also delayed (4.3 h versus 3.3 h) and terminal half-life was decreased (2.4 h versus 9.0 h) under fed conditions compared to fasted.
In a second food effect study of similar design, two 400 mg metaxalone tablets (800 mg) were administered to healthy volunteers (N=59, 37 males, 22 females), ranging in age from 18 to 50 years (mean age = 25.6 ± 8.7 years). Compared to fasted conditions, the presence of a high fat meal at the time of drug administration increased Cmax by 193.6% and increased AUC (AUC0-t, AUC∞) by 146.4% and 142.2%, respectively. Time-to-peak concentration (Tmax) was also delayed (4.9 h versus 3.0 h) and terminal half-life was decreased (4.2 h versus 8.0 h) under fed conditions compared to fasted conditions. Similar food effect results were observed in the above study when one metaxalone 800 mg tablet was administered in place of two metaxalone 400 mg tablets. The increase in metaxalone exposure coinciding with a reduction in half-life may be attributed to more complete absorption of metaxalone in the presence of a high fat meal (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Mean (SD) Concentrations of Metaxalone Following an 800 mg Dose Under Fasted and Fed Conditions
Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion
Although plasma protein binding and absolute bioavailability of metaxalone are not known, the apparent volume of distribution (V/F ~ 800 L) and lipophilicity (log P = 2.42) of metaxalone suggest that the drug is extensively distributed in the tissues. Metaxalone is metabolized by the liver and excreted in the urine as unidentified metabolites. Hepatic Cytochrome P450 enzymes play a role in the metabolism of metaxalone. Specifically, CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4 and, to a lesser extent, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 appear to metabolize metaxalone.
Metaxalone does not significantly inhibit major CYP enzymes such as CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CPY2E1, and CYP3A4. Metaxalone does not significantly induce major CYP enzymes such as CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4 in vitro.
Age
The effects of age on the pharmacokinetics of metaxalone were determined following single administration of two 400 mg tablets (800 mg) under fasted and fed conditions. The results were analyzed separately, as well as in combination with the results from three other studies. Using the combined data, the results indicate that the pharmacokinetics of metaxalone are significantly more affected by age under fasted conditions than under fed conditions, with bioavailability under fasted conditions increasing with age.
The bioavailability of metaxalone under fasted and fed conditions in three groups of healthy volunteers of varying age is shown in Table 2.
Table 2: Mean (%CV) Pharmacokinetics Parameters Following Single Administration of Two 400 mg Metaxalone Tablets (800 mg) Under Fasted and Fed Conditions Younger Volunteers Older Volunteers Age (years) 25.6 ± 8.7 39.3 ± 10.8 71.5 ± 5.0 N 59 21 23 Food Fasted Fed Fasted Fed Fasted Fed Cmax
(ng/mL)1816 3510 2719 2915 3168 3680 (43) (41) (46) (55) (43) (59) Tmax (h) 3.0 4.9 3.0 8.7 2.6 6.5 (39) (48) (40) (91) (30) (67) AUC0-t
(ng·h/mL)14531 20683 19836 20482 23797 24340 (47) (41) (40) (37) (45) (48) AUC∞
(ng·h/mL)15045 20833 20490 20815 24194 24704 (46) (41) (39) (37) (44) (47) Gender
The effect of gender on the pharmacokinetics of metaxalone was assessed in an open label study, in which 48 healthy adult volunteers (24 males, 24 females) were administered two metaxalone 400 mg tablets (800 mg) under fasted conditions. The bioavailability of metaxalone was significantly higher in females compared to males as evidenced by Cmax (2115 ng/mL versus 1335 ng/mL) and AUC∞ (17884 ng·h/mL versus 10328 ng·h/mL). The mean half-life was 11.1 hours in females and 7.6 hours in males. The apparent volume of distribution of metaxalone was approximately 22% higher in males than in females, but not significantly different when adjusted for body weight. Similar findings were also seen when the previously described combined dataset was used in the analysis.
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INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Metaxalone tablets are indicated as an adjunct to rest, physical therapy and other measures for the relief of discomforts associated with acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions. The mode of action of this drug has not been clearly identified, but may be related to its sedative properties. Metaxalone does not directly relax tense skeletal muscles in man.
- CONTRAINDICATIONS
- WARNINGS
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PRECAUTIONS
Metaxalone should be administered with great care to patients with pre-existing liver damage. Serial liver function studies should be performed in these patients.
False-positive Benedict’s tests, due to an unknown reducing substance, have been noted. A glucose-specific test will differentiate findings.
Taking metaxalone tablets with food may enhance general CNS depression; elderly patients may be especially susceptible to this CNS effect. (See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Pharmacokinetics and PRECAUTIONS, Information for Patients).
Information for Patients
Metaxalone tablets may impair mental and/or physical abilities required for performance of hazardous tasks, such as operating machinery or driving a motor vehicle, especially when used with alcohol or other CNS depressants.
Drug Interactions
The sedative effects of metaxalone tablets and other CNS depressants (e.g., alcohol, benzodiazepines, opioids, tricyclic antidepressants) may be additive. Therefore, caution should be exercised with patients who take more than one of these CNS depressants simultaneously.
Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
The carcinogenic potential of metaxalone has not been determined.
Pregnancy
Reproduction studies in rats have not revealed evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus due to metaxalone. Post marketing experience has not revealed evidence of fetal injury, but such experience cannot exclude the possibility of infrequent or subtle damage to the human fetus. Safe use of metaxalone has not been established with regard to possible adverse effects upon fetal development. Therefore, metaxalone tablets should not be used in women who are or may become pregnant and particularly during early pregnancy unless, in the judgement of the physician, the potential benefits outweigh the possible hazards.
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ADVERSE REACTIONS
The most frequent reactions to metaxalone include:
CNS: drowsiness, dizziness, headache and nervousness or “irritability”;
Digestive: nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal upset.
Other adverse reactions are:
Immune System: hypersensitivity reaction, rash with or without pruritus;
Hematologic: leukopenia, hemolytic anemia;
Hepatobiliary: jaundice.
Though rare, anaphylactoid reactions have been reported with metaxalone.
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DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE
Overdosage
Deaths by deliberate or accidental overdose have occurred with metaxalone, particularly in combination with antidepressants and have been reported with this class of drug in combination with alcohol.
When determining the LD50 in rats and mice, progressive sedation, hypnosis and finally respiratory failure were noted as the dosage increased. In dogs, no LD50 could be determined as the higher doses produced an emetic action in 15 to 30 minutes.
Treatment
Gastric lavage and supportive therapy. Consultation with a regional poison control center is recommended.
- DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
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HOW SUPPLIED
Metaxalone Tablets are available as an 800mg oval, convex, pink tablet with one side debossed “M” and the other side and scored on the other side debossed "58/59".
They are supplied by Keltman Pharmaceuticals Inc. as follows:
NDC Strength Quantity/Form Color Source Prod. Code 68387-108-30 800 mg 30 Tablets in a Plastic Bottle PINK 64720-321 68387-108-60 800 mg 60 Tablets in a Plastic Bottle PINK 64720-321 68387-108-90 800 mg 90 Tablets in a Plastic Bottle PINK 64720-321 Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].
Rx Only.
Manufactured and Distributed by:
Corepharma LLC
Middlesex, NJ 08846This Product was Repackaged By Sandhills Packaging for:
Keltman Pharmaceuticals Inc.
1 Lakeland Square, Suite A
Flowood, MS 39232
United States
- Metaxalone 800 mg Label
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INGREDIENTS AND APPEARANCE
METAXALONE
metaxalone tabletProduct Information Product Type HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG Item Code (Source) NDC: 68387-108(NDC: 64720-321) Route of Administration ORAL Active Ingredient/Active Moiety Ingredient Name Basis of Strength Strength METAXALONE (UNII: 1NMA9J598Y) (METAXALONE - UNII:1NMA9J598Y) METAXALONE 800 mg Inactive Ingredients Ingredient Name Strength ALGINIC ACID (UNII: 8C3Z4148WZ) STARCH, CORN (UNII: O8232NY3SJ) MAGNESIUM STEARATE (UNII: 70097M6I30) Product Characteristics Color PINK Score no score Shape CAPSULE (Convex) Size 19mm Flavor Imprint Code M;58;59 Contains Packaging # Item Code Package Description Marketing Start Date Marketing End Date 1 NDC: 68387-108-30 30 in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC 2 NDC: 68387-108-60 60 in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC 3 NDC: 68387-108-90 90 in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC Marketing Information Marketing Category Application Number or Monograph Citation Marketing Start Date Marketing End Date ANDA ANDA040486 06/25/2008 Labeler - Keltman Pharmaceuticals Inc. (362861077) Establishment Name Address ID/FEI Business Operations Sandhills Packaging 825138717 repack
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