WARNING: RISK OF SERIOUS CARDIOVASCULAR and GASTROINTESTINAL EVENTS Cardiovascular Risk Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may cause an increased risk of serious cardiovascular (CV) thrombotic events, myocardial infarction, and stroke, which can be fatal. This risk may increase with duration of use. Patients with cardiovascular disease or risk factors for cardiovascular disease may be at greater risk [s...
Meloxicam tablets are indicated for relief of the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis [see CLINICAL STUDIES ( 14.1 )]. Meloxicam tablets are indicated for relief of the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis [see CLINICAL STUDIES ( 14.1 )].
Carefully consider the potential benefits and risks of meloxicam tablets and other treatment options before deciding to use meloxicam tablets. Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ( 5.4 )]. After observing the response to initial therapy with meloxicam tablets, adjust the dose to suit an individual patient's needs. ...
Meloxicam Tablets, 7.5 mg are yellow, round-shaped, flat beveled edge, uncoated tablets debossed with ‘ZC’ and ‘25’ on one side and plain on other side and are supplied as follows: NDC 68382-050-16 in bottles of 90 tablets NDC 68382-050-01 in bottles of 100 tablets NDC 68382-050-05 in bottles of 500 tablets NDC 68382-050-31 in unit-of-use packages of 30 tablets Meloxicam Tablets, 15 mg are yellow, round-shaped, fl...
www.fda.gov/medwatchWARNING: RISK OF SERIOUS CARDIOVASCULAR and GASTROINTESTINAL EVENTS
Cardiovascular Risk
Gastrointestinal Risk
Meloxicam tablets are indicated for relief of the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis [see CLINICAL STUDIES (14.1)].
Meloxicam tablets are indicated for relief of the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis [see CLINICAL STUDIES (14.1)].
Carefully consider the potential benefits and risks of meloxicam tablets and other treatment options before deciding to use meloxicam tablets. Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.4)].
After observing the response to initial therapy with meloxicam tablets, adjust the dose to suit an individual patient's needs.
In adults, the maximum recommended daily oral dose of meloxicam tablets are 15 mg regardless of formulation. In patients with hemodialysis, a maximum daily dosage of 7.5 mg is recommended [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.6), USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS (8.7) AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (12.3)].
Meloxicam may be taken without regard to timing of meals.
For the relief of the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis the recommended starting and maintenance oral dose of meloxicam tablets is 7.5 mg once daily. Some patients may receive additional benefit by increasing the dose to 15 mg once daily.
For the relief of the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, the recommended starting and maintenance oral dose of meloxicam tablets is 7.5 mg once daily. Some patients may receive additional benefit by increasing the dose to 15 mg once daily.
Tablets:
Meloxicam Tablets are contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity (e.g. anaphylactoid reactions and serious skin reactions) to meloxicam. Meloxicam tablets should not be given to patients who have experienced asthma, urticaria, or allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs. Severe, rarely fatal, anaphylactic-like reactions to NSAIDs have been reported in such patients [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.7, 5.13)].
Meloxicam tablets are contraindicated for the treatment of peri-operative pain in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.1)].
Clinical trials of several COX-2 selective and nonselective NSAIDs of up to three years’ duration have shown an increased risk of serious cardiovascular (CV) thrombotic events, myocardial infarction, and stroke, which can be fatal. All NSAIDs, both COX-2 selective and nonselective, may have a similar risk. Patients with known CV disease or risk factors for CV disease may be at greater risk. To minimize the potential risk for an adverse CV event in patients treated with an NSAID, the lowest effective dose should be used for the shortest duration possible. Physicians and patients should remain alert for the development of such events, even in the absence of previous CV symptoms. Patients should be informed about the signs and/or symptoms of serious CV events and the steps to take if they occur.
Two large, controlled, clinical trials of a COX-2 selective NSAID for the treatment of pain in the first 10-14 days following CABG surgery found an increased incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke [see CONTRAINDICATIONS (4.2)].
There is no consistent evidence that concurrent use of aspirin mitigates the increased risk of serious CV thrombotic events associated with NSAID use. The concurrent use of aspirin and an NSAID does increase the risk of serious GI events [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.2)].
NSAIDs, including meloxicam, can cause serious gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events including inflammation, bleeding, ulceration, and perforation of the stomach, small intestine, or large intestine, which can be fatal. These serious adverse events can occur at any time, with or without warning symptoms, in patients treated with NSAIDs. Only one in five patients who develop a serious upper GI adverse event on NSAID therapy is symptomatic. Upper GI ulcers, gross bleeding, or perforation caused by NSAIDs, occur in approximately 1% of patients treated for 3-6 months, and in about 2-4% of patients treated for one year. These trends continue with longer duration of use, increasing the likelihood of developing a serious GI event at some time during the course of therapy. However, even short-term therapy is not without risk.
Prescribe NSAIDs, including meloxicam, with extreme caution in those with a prior history of ulcer disease or gastrointestinal bleeding. Patients with a prior history of peptic ulcer disease and/or gastrointestinal bleeding who use NSAIDs have a greater than 10-fold increased risk for developing a GI bleed compared to patients with neither of these risk factors. Other factors that increase the risk for GI bleeding in patients treated with NSAIDs include concomitant use of oral corticosteroids or anticoagulants, longer duration of NSAID therapy, smoking, use of alcohol, older age, and poor general health status. Most spontaneous reports of fatal GI events are in elderly or debilitated patients and therefore, special care should be taken in treating this population.
To minimize the potential risk for an adverse GI event in patients treated with an NSAID, use the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible duration. Patients and physicians should remain alert for signs and symptoms of GI ulceration and bleeding during meloxicam therapy and promptly initiate additional evaluation and treatment if a serious GI adverse event is suspected. This should include discontinuation of meloxicam until a serious GI adverse event is ruled out. For high-risk patients, consider alternate therapies that do not involve NSAIDs.
Borderline elevations of one or more liver tests may occur in up to 15% of patients taking NSAIDs including meloxicam. These laboratory abnormalities may progress, may remain unchanged, or may be transient with continuing therapy. Notable elevations of ALT or AST (approximately three or more times the upper limit of normal) have been reported in approximately 1% of patients in clinical trials with NSAIDs. In addition, rare cases of severe hepatic reactions, including jaundice and fatal fulminant hepatitis, liver necrosis and hepatic failure, some of them with fatal outcomes have been reported [see ADVERSE REACTIONS (6.1)].
A patient with symptoms and/or signs suggesting liver dysfunction, or in whom an abnormal liver test has occurred, should be evaluated for evidence of the development of a more severe hepatic reaction while on therapy with meloxicam. If clinical signs and symptoms consistent with liver disease develop, or if systemic manifestations occur (e.g., eosinophilia, rash, etc.), discontinue meloxicam [see USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS (8.6) AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (12.3)].
NSAIDs, including meloxicam, can lead to onset of new hypertension or worsening of pre-existing hypertension, either of which may contribute to the increased incidence of CV events. NSAIDs, including meloxicam, should be used with caution in patients with hypertension. Blood pressure (BP) should be monitored closely during the initiation of NSAID treatment and throughout the course of therapy.
Patients taking ACE inhibitors, thiazides or loop diuretics may have impaired response to these therapies when taking NSAIDs.
Fluid retention and edema have been observed in some patients taking NSAIDs. Use meloxicam with caution in patients with fluid retention, hypertension, or heart failure.
Long-term administration of NSAIDs, including meloxicam, can result in renal papillary necrosis, renal insufficiency, acute renal failure, and other renal injury. Renal toxicity has also been seen in patients in whom renal prostaglandins have a compensatory role in the maintenance of renal perfusion. In these patients, administration of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug may cause a dose-dependent reduction in prostaglandin formation and, secondarily, in renal blood flow, which may precipitate overt renal decompensation. Patients at greatest risk of this reaction are those with impaired renal function, heart failure, liver dysfunction, those taking diuretics, ACE-inhibitors, and angiotensin II receptor antagonists, and the elderly. Discontinuation of NSAID therapy is usually followed by recovery to the pretreatment state.
A pharmacokinetic study in patients with mild and moderate renal impairment revealed that no dosage adjustments in these patient populations are required. Patients with severe renal impairment have not been studied. The use of meloxicam in patients with severe renal impairment with CrCl less than 20 mL/min is not recommended. A study performed in patients on hemodialysis revealed that although overall Cmax was diminished in this population, the proportion of free drug not bound to plasma was increased. Therefore it is recommended that meloxicam dosage in this population not exceed 7.5 mg per day. Closely monitor the renal function of patients with impaired renal function who are taking meloxicam [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION (2.1), USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS (8.7) AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (12.3)].
Use caution when initiating treatment with meloxicam in patients with considerable dehydration. It is advisable to rehydrate patients first and then start therapy with meloxicam. Caution is also recommended in patients with pre-existing kidney disease.
The extent to which metabolites may accumulate in patients with renal impairment has not been studied with meloxicam. Because some meloxicam metabolites are excreted by the kidney, monitor patients with significant renal impairment closely.
As with other NSAIDs, anaphylactoid reactions have occurred in patients without known prior exposure to meloxicam. Meloxicam should not be given to patients with the aspirin triad. This symptom complex typically occurs in asthmatic patients who experience rhinitis with or without nasal polyps, or who exhibit severe, potentially fatal bronchospasm after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs [see CONTRAINDICATIONS (4.1) AND WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.12)]. Seek emergency help in cases where an anaphylactoid reaction occurs.
NSAIDs, including meloxicam, can cause serious skin adverse events such as exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), which can be fatal. These serious events may occur without warning. Inform patients about the signs and symptoms of serious skin manifestations and discontinue use of the drug at the first appearance of skin rash or any other sign of hypersensitivity.
Meloxicam cannot be expected to substitute for corticosteroids or to treat corticosteroid insufficiency. Abrupt discontinuation of corticosteroids may lead to disease exacerbation. Slowly taper patients on prolonged corticosteroid therapy if a decision is made to discontinue corticosteroids.
The pharmacological activity of meloxicam in reducing fever and inflammation may diminish the utility of these diagnostic signs in detecting complications of presumed noninfectious, painful conditions.
Anemia may occur in patients receiving NSAIDs, including meloxicam. This may be due to fluid retention, occult or gross GI blood loss, or an incompletely described effect upon erythropoiesis. Patients on long-term treatment with NSAIDs, including meloxicam, should have their hemoglobin or hematocrit checked if they exhibit any signs or symptoms of anemia.
NSAIDs inhibit platelet aggregation and have been shown to prolong bleeding time in some patients. Unlike aspirin, their effect on platelet function is quantitatively less, of shorter duration, and reversible. Carefully monitor patients treated with meloxicam who may be adversely affected by alterations in platelet function, such as those with coagulation disorders or patients receiving anticoagulants.
Patients with asthma may have aspirin-sensitive asthma. The use of aspirin in patients with aspirin-sensitive asthma has been associated with severe bronchospasm, which can be fatal. Since cross reactivity, including bronchospasm, between aspirin and other NSAIDs has been reported in such aspirin-sensitive patients, meloxicam should not be administered to patients with this form of aspirin sensitivity and should be used with caution in patients with pre-existing asthma.
Because serious GI tract ulcerations and bleeding can occur without warning symptoms, physicians should monitor for signs or symptoms of GI bleeding. Patients on long-term treatment with NSAIDs should have their CBC and a chemistry profile checked periodically. If clinical signs and symptoms consistent with liver or renal disease develop, systemic manifestations occur (e.g., eosinophilia, rash, etc.) or if abnormal liver tests persist or worsen, meloxicam should be discontinued.
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
The following serious adverse reactions are discussed elsewhere in the labeling:
Adults
Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis
The meloxicam Phase 2/3 clinical trial database includes 10,122 OA patients and 1012 RA patients treated with meloxicam 7.5 mg/day, 3,505 OA patients and 1351 RA patients treated with meloxicam 15 mg/day. Meloxicam at these doses was administered to 661 patients for at least 6 months and to 312 patients for at least one year. Approximately 10,500 of these patients were treated in ten placebo- and/or active-controlled osteoarthritis trials and 2363 of these patients were treated in ten placebo- and/or active-controlled rheumatoid arthritis trials. Gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events were the most frequently reported adverse events in all treatment groups across meloxicam trials.
A 12-week multicenter, double-blind, randomized trial was conducted in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip to compare the efficacy and safety of meloxicam with placebo and with an active control. Two 12-week multicenter, double-blind, randomized trials were conducted in patients with rheumatoid arthritis to compare the efficacy and safety of meloxicam with placebo.
Table 1a depicts adverse events that occurred in ≥2% of the meloxicam treatment groups in a 12-week placebo- and active-controlled osteoarthritis trial.
Table 1b depicts adverse events that occurred in ≥2% of the meloxicam treatment groups in two 12-week placebo- controlled rheumatoid arthritis trials.
| Placebo | Meloxicam 7.5 mg daily | Meloxicam 15 mg daily | Diclofenac 100 mg daily | |
1WHO preferred terms edema, edema dependent, edema peripheral and edema legs combined 2WHO preferred terms rash, rash erythematous and rash maculo-papular combined | ||||
| No. of Patients | 157 | 154 | 156 | 153 |
| Gastrointestinal | 17.2 | 20.1 | 17.3 | 28.1 |
| Abdominal Pain | 2.5 | 1.9 | 2.6 | 1.3 |
| Diarrhea | 3.8 | 7.8 | 3.2 | 9.2 |
| Dyspepsia | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 6.5 |
| Flatulence | 4.5 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.9 |
| Nausea | 3.2 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 7.2 |
| Body as a Whole Accident Household | 1.9 | 4.5 | 3.2 | 2.6 |
| Edema1
| 2.5 | 1.9 | 4.5 | 3.3 |
| Fall | 0.6 | 2.6 | 0.0 | 1.3 |
| Influenza-Like Symptoms | 5.1 | 4.5 | 5.8 | 2.6 |
| Central and Peripheral Nervous System | ||||
| Dizziness | 3.2 | 2.6 | 3.8 | 2.0 |
| Headache | 10.2 | 7.8 | 8.3 | 5.9 |
| Respiratory | ||||
| Pharyngitis | 1.3 | 0.6 | 3.2 | 1.3 |
| Upper Respiratory Tract Infection | 1.9 | 3.2 | 1.9 | 3.3 |
| Skin | ||||
| Rash2
| 2.5 | 2.6 | 0.6 | 2.0 |
| Placebo | Meloxicam 7.5 mg daily | Meloxicam 15 mg daily | |
1MedDRA high level term (preferred terms): dyspeptic signs and symptoms (dyspepsia, dyspepsia aggravated, eructation, gastrointestinal irritation), upper respiratory tract infections-pathogen unspecified (laryngitis NOS, pharyngitis NOS, sinusitis NOS), joint related signs and symptoms (arthralgia, arthralgia aggravated, joint crepitation, joint effusion, joint swelling) 2MedDRA preferred term: nausea, abdominal pain NOS, influenza-like illness, headaches NOS, and rash NOS | |||
| No. of Patients | 469 | 481 | 477 |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | 14.1 | 18.9 | 16.8 |
| Abdominal pain NOS2
| 0.6 | 2.9 | 2.3 |
| Dyspeptic signs and symptoms1
| 3.8 | 5.8 | 4.0 |
| Nausea2
| 2.6 | 3.3 | 3.8 |
| General disorders and administration site conditions | |||
| Influenza like illness2
| 2.1 | 2.9 | 2.3 |
| Infection and infestations | |||
| Upper respiratory tract infections-pathogen class unspecified1
| 4.1 | 7.0 | 6.5 |
| Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | |||
| Joint related signs and symptoms 1
| 1.9 | 1.5 | 2.3 |
| Nervous system disorders | |||
| Headaches NOS2
| 6.4 | 6.4 | 5.5 |
| Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | |||
| Rash NOS2
| 1.7 | 1.0 | 2.1 |
The adverse events that occurred with meloxicam in ≥2% of patients treated short-term (4-6 weeks) and long-term (6 months) in active-controlled osteoarthritis trials are presented in Table 2
| 4-6 Weeks Controlled Trials | 6 Month Controlled Trials | |||
| Meloxicam 7.5 mg daily | Meloxicam 15 mg daily | Meloxicam 7.5 mg daily | Meloxicam 15 mg daily | |
| No. of Patients | 8955 | 256 | 169 | 306 |
| Gastrointestinal | 11.8 | 18.0 | 26.6 | 24.2 |
| Abdominal Pain | 2.7 | 2.3 | 4.7 | 2.9 |
| Constipation | 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 2.6 |
| Diarrhea | 1.9 | 2.7 | 5.9 | 2.6 |
| Dyspepsia | 3.8 | 7.4 | 8.9 | 9.5 |
| Flatulence | 0.5 | 0.4 | 3.0 | 2.6 |
| Nausea | 2.4 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 7.2 |
| Vomiting | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.8 | 2.6 |
| Body as a Whole | ||||
| Accident Household | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 2.9 |
| Edema*
| 0.6 | 2.0 | 2.4 | 1.6 |
| Pain | 0.9 | 2.0 | 3.6 | 5.2 |
| Central and Peripheral Nervous System Dizziness | 1.1 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 2.6 |
| Headache | 2.4 | 2.7 | 3.6 | 2.6 |
| Hematologic Anemia | 0.1 | 0.0 | 4.1 | 2.9 |
| Musculoskeletal Arthralgia | 0.5 | 0.0 | 5.3 | 1.3 |
| Back Pain | 0.5 | 0.4 | 3.0 | 0.7 |
| Psychiatric Insomnia | 0.4 | 0.0 | 3.6 | 1.6 |
| Respiratory Coughing | 0.2 | 0.8 | 2.4 | 1.0 |
| Upper Respiratory tract Infection | 0.2 | 0.0 | 8.3 | 7.5 |
| Skin Pruritus | 0.4 | 1.2 | 2.4 | 0.0 |
| Rash†
| 0.3 | 1.2 | 3.0 | 1.3 |
| Urinary Micturition Frequency | 0.1 | 0.4 | 2.4 | 1.3 |
| Urinary Tract Infection | 0.3 | 0.4 | 4.7 | 6.9 |
* WHO preferred terms edema, edema dependent, edema peripheral, and edema legs combined
† WHO preferred terms rash, rash erythematous, and rash maculo-papular combined
Higher doses of meloxicam (22.5 mg and greater) have been associated with an increased risk of serious GI events; therefore, the daily dose of meloxicam should not exceed 15 mg.
The following is a list of adverse drug reactions occurring in <2% of patients receiving meloxicam in clinical trials involving approximately 16,200 patients.
| Body as a Whole | allergic reaction, face edema, fatigue, fever, hot flushes, malaise, syncope, weight decrease, weight increase |
| Cardiovascular | angina pectoris, cardiac failure, hypertension, hypotension, myocardial infarction, vasculitis |
| Central and Peripheral Nervous System | convulsions, paresthesia, tremor, vertigo |
| Gastrointestinal | colitis, dry mouth, duodenal ulcer, eructation, esophagitis, gastric ulcer, gastritis, gastroesophageal reflux, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, hematemesis, hemorrhagic duodenal ulcer, hemorrhagic gastric ulcer, intestinal perforation, melena, pancreatitis, perforated duodenal ulcer, perforated gastric ulcer, stomatitis ulcerative |
| Heart Rate and Rhythm | arrhythmia, palpitation, tachycardia |
| Hematologic | leukopenia, purpura, thrombocytopenia |
| Liver and Biliary System | ALT increased, AST increased, bilirubinemia, GGT increased, hepatitis |
| Metabolic and Nutritional | dehydration |
| Psychiatric | abnormal dreaming, anxiety, appetite increased, confusion, depression, nervousness, somnolence |
| Respiratory | asthma, bronchospasm, dyspnea |
| Skin and Appendages | alopecia, angioedema, bullous eruption, photosensitivity reaction, pruritus, sweating increased, urticaria |
| Special Senses | abnormal vision, conjunctivitis, taste perversion, tinnitus |
| Urinary System | albuminuria, BUN increased, creatinine increased, hematuria, renal failure |
The following adverse reactions have been identified during post approval use of meloxicam. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Decisions about whether to include an adverse event from spontaneous reports in labeling are typically based on one or more of the following factors: (1) seriousness of the event, (2) number of reports, or (3) strength of causal relationship to the drug. Adverse reactions reported in worldwide post marketing experience or the literature include: acute urinary retention; agranulocytosis; alterations in mood (such as mood elevation); anaphylactoid reactions including shock; erythema multiforme; exfoliative dermatitis; interstitial nephritis; jaundice; liver failure; Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis.
See also Clinical Pharmacology (12.3).
NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of ACE-inhibitors. This interaction should be given consideration in patients taking meloxicam concomitantly with ACE-inhibitors.
When meloxicam is administered with aspirin (1000 mg three times daily) to healthy volunteers, an increase the AUC (10%) and Cmax (24%) of meloxicam was noted. The clinical significance of this interaction is not known; however, as with other NSAIDs concomitant administration of meloxicam and aspirin is not generally recommended because of the potential for increased adverse effects.
Concomitant administration of low-dose aspirin with meloxicam may result in an increased rate of GI ulceration or other complications, compared to use of meloxicam alone. Meloxicam is not a substitute for aspirin for cardiovascular prophylaxis.
Clinical studies, as well as post marketing observations, have shown that NSAIDs can reduce the natriuretic effect of furosemide and thiazides in some patients. This response has been attributed to inhibition of renal prostaglandin synthesis. However, studies with furosemide agents and meloxicam have not demonstrated a reduction in natriuretic effect. Furosemide single and multiple dose pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics are not affected by multiple doses of meloxicam. Nevertheless, during concomitant therapy with meloxicam, patients should be observed closely for signs of renal failure [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.6)], as well as to ensure diuretic efficacy.
In a study conducted in healthy subjects, mean pre-dose lithium concentration and AUC were increased by 21% in subjects receiving lithium doses ranging from 804 to 1072 mg twice daily with meloxicam 15 mg every day as compared to subjects receiving lithium alone. These effects have been attributed to inhibition of renal prostaglandin synthesis by meloxicam. Closely monitor patients on lithium treatment for signs of lithium toxicity when meloxicam is introduced, adjusted, or withdrawn.
NSAIDs have been reported to competitively inhibit methotrexate accumulation in rabbit kidney slices. Therefore, NSAIDs may reduce the elimination of methotrexate, thereby enhancing the toxicity of methotrexate. Use caution when meloxicam is administered concomitantly with methotrexate [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (12.3)].
Meloxicam, like other NSAIDs, may affect renal prostaglandins, thereby altering the renal toxicity of certain drugs. Therefore, concomitant therapy with meloxicam may increase cyclosporine's nephrotoxicity. Use caution when meloxicam is administered concomitantly with cyclosporine.
The effects of warfarin and NSAIDs on GI bleeding are synergistic, such that users of both drugs together have a risk of serious GI bleeding higher than users of either drug alone.
Monitor anticoagulant activity, particularly in the first few days after initiating or changing meloxicam therapy in patients receiving warfarin or similar agents, since these patients are at an increased risk of bleeding than with the use of either drug alone. Use caution when administering meloxicam with warfarin since patients on warfarin may experience changes in INR and an increased risk of bleeding complications when a new medication is introduced [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (12.3)].
Pregnancy Category C; Category D starting 30 weeks gestation.
There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Meloxicam crosses the placental barrier. Prior to 30 weeks gestation, use meloxicam during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Starting at 30 weeks gestation, avoid meloxicam and other NSAIDs, in pregnant women as premature closure of the ductus arteriosus in the fetus may occur. If this drug is used during this time period in pregnancy, inform the patient of the potential hazard to a fetus [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.9) AND PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION (17.8)]
Teratogenic Effects
Meloxicam was not teratogenic when administered to pregnant rats during fetal organogenesis at oral doses up to 4 mg/kg/day (2.6-fold greater than the maximum recommended human daily dose [MRHD] based on body surface area [BSA] comparison). Administration of meloxicam to pregnant rabbits throughout embryogenesis produced an increased incidence of septal defects of the heart at an oral dose of 60 mg/kg/day. The no effect level was 20 mg/kg/day (26-fold greater than the MRHD based on BSA conversion).
Nonteratogenic Effects
In rats and rabbits, embryolethality occurred at oral meloxicam doses of 1 mg/kg/day and 5 mg/kg/day, respectively (0.65-and 6.5-fold greater, respectively, than the MRHD based on BSA comparison) when administered throughout organogenesis.
The effects of meloxicam on labor and delivery of pregnant women are unknown. Oral administration of meloxicam to pregnant rats during late gestation through lactation increased the incidence of dystocia, delayed parturition, and decreased offspring survival at meloxicam doses of 0.125 mg/kg/day or greater (at least 12.5 times lower than the maximum recommended human daily dose based on body surface area comparison).
It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk; however, meloxicam was excreted in the milk of lactating rats at concentrations higher than those in plasma. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from meloxicam a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
Use of this drug for a pediatric indication is protected by marketing exclusivity.
As with any NSAID, caution should be exercised in treating the elderly (65 years and older).
Of the total number of subjects in clinical studies, 5157 were age 65 and over (4044 in OA studies and 1113 in RA studies). No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these subjects and younger subjects, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out.
No dose adjustment is necessary in patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment. Patients with severe hepatic impairment have not been adequately studied. Since meloxicam is significantly metabolized in the liver, the use of meloxicam in these patients should be done with caution [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.3) AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (12.3)].
No dose adjustment is necessary in patients with mild to moderate renal impairment . Patients with severe renal impairment have not been studied. The use of meloxicam in subjects with severe renal impairment is not recommended. Following a single dose of meloxicam, the free Cmax plasma concentrations were higher in patients with renal failure on chronic hemodialysis (1% free fraction) in comparison to healthy volunteers (0.3% free fraction). Therefore it is recommended that meloxicam dosage in this population not exceed 7.5 mg per day Hemodialysis did not lower the total drug concentration in plasma; therefore, additional doses are not necessary after hemodialysis. Meloxicam is not dialyzable [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION (2.1), WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.6) AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (12.3)].
There is limited experience with meloxicam overdose. Four cases have taken 6 to 11 times the highest recommended dose; all recovered. Cholestyramine is known to accelerate the clearance of meloxicam.
Symptoms following acute NSAID overdose include lethargy, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, and epigastric pain, which are generally reversible with supportive care. Gastrointestinal bleeding can occur. Severe poisoning may result in hypertension, acute renal failure, hepatic dysfunction, respiratory depression, coma, convulsions, cardiovascular collapse, and cardiac arrest. Anaphylactoid reactions have been reported with therapeutic ingestion of NSAIDs, and may occur following an overdose.
Patients should be managed with symptomatic and supportive care following an NSAID overdose. Administration of activated charcoal is recommended for patients who present 1-2 hours after overdose. For substantial overdose or severely symptomatic patients, activated charcoal may be administered repeatedly. Accelerated removal of meloxicam by 4 gm oral doses of cholestyramine given three times a day was demonstrated in a clinical trial. Administration of cholestyramine may be useful following an overdose. Forced diuresis, alkalinization of urine, hemodialysis, or hemoperfusion may not be useful due to high protein binding.
For additional information about overdose treatment, call a poison control center (1-800-222-1222).
Meloxicam, an oxicam derivative, is a member of the enolic acid group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Each yellow meloxicam tablet contains 7.5 mg or 15 mg meloxicam for oral administration. Meloxicam is chemically designated as 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-N-(5-methyl-2-thiazolyl)-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3carboxamide-1,1-dioxide. The molecular weight is 351.4. Its empirical formula is C14H13N3O4S2 and it has the following structural formula.
Meloxicam is a pale yellow powder, practically insoluble in water, slightly soluble in acetone, soluble in dimethylformamide, very slightly soluble in ethanol (96 %) and in methanol. Meloxicam has an apparent partition coefficient (log P)app = 0.1 in n-octanol/buffer pH 7.4. Meloxicam has pKa values of 1.1 and 4.2.
Each meloxicam tablet intended for oral administration contains 7.5 mg or 15 mg of meloxicam. In addition, each tablet contains the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, crospovidone, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, povidone and sodium citrate dihydrate.
The mechanism of action of meloxicam, like that of other NSAIDs, may be related to prostaglandin synthetase (cyclo-oxygenase) inhibition which is involved in the initial steps of the arachidonic acid cascade, resulting in the reduced formation of prostaglandins, thromboxanes and prostacylin. It is not completely understood how reduced synthesis of these compounds results in therapeutic efficacy.
Meloxicam exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities.
The absolute bioavailability of meloxicam capsules was 89% following a single oral dose of 30 mg compared with 30 mg IV bolus injection. Following single intravenous doses, dose-proportional pharmacokinetics were shown in the range of 5 mg to 60 mg. After multiple oral doses the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam capsules were dose-proportional over the range of 7.5 mg to 15 mg. Mean Cmax was achieved within four to five hours after a 7.5 mg meloxicam tablet was taken under fasted conditions, indicating a prolonged drug absorption. With multiple dosing, steady-state concentrations were reached by Day 5. A second meloxicam concentration peak occurs around 12 to 14 hours post-dose suggesting biliary recycling.
| Pharmacokinetic Parameters (% CV) | Steady State | Single Dose | |||
| Healthy male adults (Fed)† | Elderly males (Fed)† | Elderly females (Fed)† | Renal failure (Fasted) | Hepatic insufficiency (Fasted) | |
| 7.5 mg‡
tablets
| 15 mg capsules | 15 mg capsules | 15 mg capsules | 15 mg capsules | |
| N | 18 | 5 | 8 | 12 | 12 |
| Cm a x [µg/mL] | 1.05 (20) | 2.3 (59) | 3.2 (24) | 0.59 (36) | 0.84 (29) |
| tm
a
x
[h] | 4.9 (8) | 5 (12) | 6 (27) | 4 (65) | 10 (87) |
| t½
[h] | 20.1 (29) | 21 (34) | 24 (34) | 18 (46) | 16 (29) |
| CL/f {mL/min} | 8.8 (29) | 9.9 (76) | 5.1 (22) | 19 (43) | 11 (44) |
| Vzf§
[L] | 14.7(32) | 15 (42) | 10 (30) | 26 (44) | 14 (29) |
Administration of meloxicam capsules following a high fat breakfast (75 g of fat) resulted in mean peak drug levels (i.e., Cmax) being increased by approximately 22% while the extent of absorption (AUC) was unchanged. The time to maximum concentration (Tmax) was achieved between 5 and 6 hours. In comparison, neither the AUC nor the Cmax values for meloxicam suspension were affected following a similar high fat meal, while mean Tmax values were increased to approximately 7 hours. No pharmacokinetic interaction was detected with concomitant administration of antacids. Based on these results, meloxicam can be administered without regard to timing of meals or concomitant administration of antacids.
The mean volume of distribution (Vss) of meloxicam is approximately 10 L. Meloxicam is ~99.4% bound to human plasma proteins (primarily albumin) within the therapeutic dose range. The fraction of protein binding is independent of drug concentration, over the clinically relevant concentration range, but decreases to ~99% in patients with renal disease. Meloxicam penetration into human red blood cells, after oral dosing, is less than 10%. Following a radiolabeled dose, over 90% of the radioactivity detected in the plasma was present as unchanged meloxicam.
Meloxicam concentrations in synovial fluid, after a single oral dose, range from 40% to 50% of those in plasma. The free fraction in synovial fluid is 2.5 times higher than in plasma, due to the lower albumin content in synovial fluid as compared to plasma. The significance of this penetration is unknown.
Meloxicam is extensively metabolized in the liver. Meloxicam metabolites include 5'-carboxy meloxicam (60% of dose), from P-450 mediated metabolism formed by oxidation of an intermediate metabolite 5'-hydroxymethyl meloxicam which is also excreted to a lesser extent (9% of dose). In vitro studies indicate that CYP2C9 (cytochrome P450 metabolizing enzyme) plays an important role in this metabolic pathway with a minor contribution of the CYP3A4 isozyme. Patients’ peroxidase activity is probably responsible for the other two metabolites which account for 16% and 4% of the administered dose, respectively. All the four metabolites are not known to have any in vivo pharmacological activity.
Meloxicam excretion is predominantly in the form of metabolites, and occurs to equal extents in the urine and feces. Only traces of the unchanged parent compound are excreted in the urine (0.2%) and feces (1.6%). The extent of the urinary excretion was confirmed for unlabeled multiple 7.5 mg doses: 0.5%, 6%, and 13% of the dose were found in urine in the form of meloxicam, and the 5'-hydroxymethyl and 5'-carboxy metabolites, respectively. There is significant biliary and/or enteral secretion of the drug. This was demonstrated when oral administration of cholestyramine following a single IV dose of meloxicam decreased the AUC of meloxicam by 50%.
The mean elimination half-life (t1/2) ranges from 15 hours to 20 hours. The elimination half-life is constant across dose levels indicating linear metabolism within the therapeutic dose range. Plasma clearance ranges from 7 to 9 mL/min.
Geriatric
Elderly males (≥ 65 years of age) exhibited meloxicam plasma concentrations and steady-state pharmacokinetics similar to young males. Elderly females ( ≥ 65 years of age) had a 47% higher AUCss and 32% higher Cmax,ss as compared to younger females (≤ 55 years of age) after body weight normalization. Despite the increased total concentrations in the elderly females, the adverse event profile was comparable for both elderly patient populations. A smaller free fraction was found in elderly female patients in comparison to elderly male patients.
Gender
Young females exhibited slightly lower plasma concentrations relative to young males. After single doses of 7.5 mg meloxicam, the mean elimination half-life was 19.5 hours for the female group as compared to 23.4 hours for the male group. At steady state, the data were similar (17.9 hours vs 21.4 hours). This pharmacokinetic difference due to gender is likely to be of little clinical importance. There was linearity of pharmacokinetics and no appreciable difference in the Cmax or Tmax across genders.
Hepatic Impairment
Following a single 15 mg dose of meloxicam there was no marked difference in plasma concentrations in patients with mild (Child-Pugh Class I) or moderate (Child-Pugh Class II) hepatic impairment compared to healthy volunteers. Protein binding of meloxicam was not affected by hepatic impairment. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment. Patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class III) have not been adequately studied [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.3) AND USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS (8.6)].
Renal Impairment
Meloxicam pharmacokinetics have been investigated in subjects with mild and moderate renal impairment. Total drug plasma concentrations of meloxicam decreased and total clearance of meloxicam increased with the degree of renal impairment while free AUC values were similar in all groups. The higher meloxicam clearance in subjects with renal impairment may be due to increased fraction of unbound meloxicam which is available for hepatic metabolism and subsequent excretion. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients with mild to moderate renal impairment. Patients with severe renal impairment have not been adequately studied. The use of meloxicam in subjects with severe renal impairment is not recommended [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.6) AND USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS (8.7)].
Hemodialysis
Following a single dose of meloxicam, the free Cmax plasma concentrations were higher in patients with renal failure on chronic hemodialysis (1% free fraction) in comparison to healthy volunteers (0.3% free fraction). Hemodialysis did not lower the total drug concentration in plasma; therefore, additional doses are not necessary after hemodialysis. Meloxicam is not dialyzable [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION (2.1), WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.6) AND USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS (8.7)].
Drug Interactions
Aspirin
When meloxicam is administered with aspirin (1000 mg three times daily) to healthy volunteers, it tended to increase the AUC (10%) and Cmax (24%) of meloxicam. The clinical significance of this interaction is not known [see DRUG INTERACTIONS (7.2)].
Cholestyramine
Pretreatment for four days with cholestyramine significantly increased the clearance of meloxicam by 50%. This resulted in a decrease in t1/2, from 19.2 hours to 12.5 hours, and a 35% reduction in AUC. This suggests the existence of a recirculation pathway for meloxicam in the gastrointestinal tract. The clinical relevance of this interaction has not been established.
Cimetidine
Concomitant administration of 200 mg cimetidine four times daily did not alter the single-dose pharmacokinetics of 30 mg meloxicam.
Digoxin
Meloxicam 15 mg once daily for 7 days did not alter the plasma concentration profile of digoxin after β-acetyldigoxin administration for 7 days at clinical doses. In vitro testing found no protein binding drug interaction between digoxin and meloxicam.
Lithium
In a study conducted in healthy subjects, mean pre-dose lithium concentration and AUC were increased by 21% in subjects receiving lithium doses ranging from 804 to 1072 mg twice daily with meloxicam 15 mg QD every day as compared to subjects receiving lithium alone [see DRUG INTERACTIONS (7.4)].
Methotrexate
A study in 13 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients evaluated the effects of multiple doses of meloxicam on the pharmacokinetics of methotrexate taken once weekly. Meloxicam did not have a significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of single doses of methotrexate. In vitro, methotrexate did not displace meloxicam from its human serum binding sites [see DRUG INTERACTIONS (7.5)].
Warfarin
The effect of meloxicam on the anticoagulant effect of warfarin was studied in a group of healthy subjects receiving daily doses of warfarin that produced an INR (International Normalized Ratio) between 1.2 and 1.8. In these subjects, meloxicam did not alter warfarin pharmacokinetics and the average anticoagulant effect of warfarin as determined by prothrombin time. However, one subject showed an increase in INR from 1.5 to 2.1. Caution should be used when administering meloxicam with warfarin since patients on warfarin may experience changes in INR and an increased risk of bleeding complications when a new medication is introduced [see DRUG INTERACTIONS (7.7)].
Carcinogenesis
There was no increase in tumor incidence in long-term carcinogenicity studies in rats (104 weeks) and mice (99 weeks) administered meloxicam at oral doses up to 0.8 mg/kg/day in rats and up to 8.0 mg/kg/day in mice (up to 0.5- and 2.6-fold, respectively, the maximum recommended human daily dose based on body surface area comparison).
Mutagenesis
Meloxicam was not mutagenic in an Ames assay, or clastogenic in a chromosome aberration assay with human lymphocytes and an in vivo micronucleus test in mouse bone marrow.
Impairment of Fertility
Meloxicam did not impair male and female fertility in rats at oral doses up to 9 mg/kg/day in males and 5 mg/kg/day in females (up to 5.8- and 3.2-fold greater, respectively, than the maximum recommended human daily dose based on body surface area comparison).
The use of meloxicam for the treatment of the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis of the knee and hip was evaluated in a 12-week, double-blind, controlled trial. meloxicam (3.75 mg, 7.5 mg, and 15 mg daily) was compared to placebo. The four primary endpoints were investigator’s global assessment, patient global assessment, patient pain assessment, and total WOMAC score (a self-administered questionnaire addressing pain, function, and stiffness). Patients on meloxicam 7.5 mg daily and meloxicam 15 mg daily showed significant improvement in each of these endpoints compared with placebo.
The use of meloxicam for the management of signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis was evaluated in six double-blind, active-controlled trials outside the U.S. ranging from 4 weeks’ to 6 months’ duration. In these trials, the efficacy of meloxicam, in doses of 7.5 mg/day and 15 mg/day, was comparable to piroxicam 20 mg/day and diclofenac SR 100 mg/day and consistent with the efficacy seen in the U.S. trial.
The use of meloxicam for the treatment of the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis was evaluated in a 12-week, double-blind, controlled multinational trial. meloxicam (7.5 mg, 15 mg, and 22.5 mg daily) was compared to placebo. The primary endpoint in this study was the ACR20 response rate, a composite measure of clinical, laboratory, and functional measures of RA response. Patients receiving meloxicam 7.5 mg and 15 mg daily showed significant improvement in the primary endpoint compared with placebo. No incremental benefit was observed with the 22.5 mg dose compared to the 15 mg dose.
Meloxicam Tablets, 7.5 mg are yellow, round-shaped, flat beveled edge, uncoated tablets debossed with ‘ZC’ and ‘25’ on one side and plain on other side and are supplied as follows:
NDC 68382-050-16 in bottles of 90 tablets
NDC 68382-050-01 in bottles of 100 tablets
NDC 68382-050-05 in bottles of 500 tablets
NDC 68382-050-31 in unit-of-use packages of 30 tablets
Meloxicam Tablets, 15 mg are yellow, round-shaped, flat beveled edge, uncoated tablet debossed with ‘ZC’ and ‘26’ on one side and plain on other side and are supplied as follows:
NDC 68382-051-16 in bottles of 90 tablets
NDC 68382-051-01 in bottles of 100 tablets
NDC 68382-051-05 in bottles of 500 tablets
NDC 68382-051-31 in unit-of-use packages of 30 tablets
Storage
Store at 20° to 25° C (68° to 77° F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Keep meloxicam tablets in a dry place.
Dispense tablets in a tight container.
Keep this and all medications out of the reach of children.
See FDA-approved Medication Guide
Patients should be informed of the following information before initiating therapy with an NSAID and periodically during the course of ongoing therapy.
Inform patients of the availability of a Medication Guide for NSAIDs that accompanies each prescription dispensed, and instruct them to read the Medication Guide prior to using meloxicam tablets.
NSAIDs including meloxicam, may cause serious CV side effects, such as MI or stroke, which may result in hospitalization and even death. Although serious CV events can occur without warning symptoms, patients should be alert for the signs and symptoms of chest pain, shortness of breath, weakness, slurring of speech, and should ask for medical advice when observing any indicative sign or symptoms. Patients should be apprised of the importance of this follow-up [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.1)].
NSAIDs including meloxicam, can cause GI discomfort and, rarely, serious GI side effects, such as ulcers and bleeding, which may result in hospitalization and even death. Although serious GI tract ulcerations and bleeding can occur without warning symptoms, patients should be alert for the signs and symptoms of ulcerations and bleeding, and should ask for medical advice when observing any indicative sign or symptoms including epigastric pain, dyspepsia, melena, and hematemesis. Patients should be apprised of the importance of this follow-up [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.2)].
Inform patients of the warning signs and symptoms of hepatotoxicity (e.g., nausea, fatigue, lethargy, pruritus, jaundice, right upper quadrant tenderness, and "flu-like" symptoms). If these occur, instruct patients to stop therapy and seek immediate medical therapy [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.3)].
NSAIDs, including meloxicam, can cause serious skin side effects such as exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), which may result in hospitalization and even death. Although serious skin reactions may occur without warning, patients should be alert for the signs and symptoms of skin rash and blisters, fever, or other signs of hypersensitivity such as itching, and should ask for medical advice when observing any indicative signs or symptoms. Advise patients to stop the drug immediately if they develop any type of rash and contact their physicians as soon as possible [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.8)].
Advise patients to promptly report signs or symptoms of unexplained weight gain or edema to their physicians [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.5)].
Inform patients of the signs of an anaphylactoid reaction (e.g., difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat). Instruct patients to seek immediate emergency help [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.7)].
Manufactured by:
Cadila Healthcare Ltd.
Ahmedabad, India.
Distributed by:
Zydus Pharmaceuticals USA Inc.
Pennington, NJ 08534
Rev.: 04/11
Revision Date : 29/04/2011
Medication Guide
for
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
(See the end of this Medication Guide for a list of prescription NSAID medicines).
What is the most important information I should know about medicines called Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)?
NSAID medicines may increase the chance of a heart attack or stroke that can lead to death. This chance increases:
NSAID medicines should never be used right before or after a heart surgery called a "coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)."
NSAID medicines can cause ulcers and bleeding in the stomach and intestines at any time during treatment. Ulcers and bleeding:
The chance of a person getting an ulcer or bleeding increases with:
NSAID medicines should only be used:
What are Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)?
NSAID medicines are used to treat pain and redness, swelling, and heat (inflammation) from medical conditions such as:
Who should not take a Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID)?
Do not take an NSAID medicine:
Tell your healthcare provider:
What are the possible side effects of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)?
| Serious side effects include: | Other side effects include: |
| • heart attack | • stomach pain |
| • stroke | • constipation |
| • high blood pressure | • diarrhea |
| • heart failure from body swelling (fluid retention) | • gas |
| • kidney problems including kidney failure | • heartburn |
| • bleeding and ulcers in the stomach and | • nausea |
| • intestine | • vomiting |
| • low red blood cells (anemia) | • dizziness |
| • life-threatening skin reactions | |
| • life-threatening allergic reactions | |
| • liver problems including liver failure | |
| • asthma attacks in people who have asthma |
Get emergency help right away if you have any of the following symptoms:
| • shortness of breath or trouble breathing | • slurred speech |
| • chest pain | • swelling of the face or throat |
| • weakness in one part or side of your body |
Stop your NSAID medicine and call your healthcare provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms:
| • nausea • more tired or weaker than usual • itching • your skin or eyes look yellow • stomach pain • flu-like symptoms • vomit blood | • there is blood in your bowel movement or it is black and sticky like tar • unusual weight gain • skin rash or blisters with fever • swelling of the arms and legs, hands and feet |
These are not all the side effects with NSAID medicines. Talk to your healthcare provider or pharmacist for more information about NSAID medicines.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
Other information about Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs):
Aspirin is an NSAID medicine but it does not increase the chance of a heartattack. Aspirin can cause bleeding in the brain, stomach, and intestines.Aspirin can also cause ulcers in the stomach and intestines.
Some of these NSAID medicines are sold in lower doses without aprescription (over-the-counter). Talk to your healthcare provider before usingover-the-counter NSAIDs for more than 10 days.
NSAID medicines that need a prescription
| Generic Name | Product Trademark(s) |
| Celecoxib | Celebrex |
| Diclofenac | Cataflam, Voltaren, Arthrotec (combined with misoprostol) |
| Diflunisal | Dolobid |
| Etodolac | Lodine, Lodine XL |
| Fenoprofen | Nalfon, Nalfon 200 |
| Flurbiprofen | Ansaid |
| Ibuprofen | Motrin, Tab-Profen, Vicoprofen* (combined with hydrocodone), Combunox (combined with oxycodone) |
| Indomethacin | Indocin, Indocin SR, Indo-Lemmon, Indomethagan |
| Ketoprofen | Oruvail |
| Ketorolac | Toradol |
| Mefenamic Acid | Ponstel |
| Meloxicam | Mobic |
| Nabumetone | Relafen |
| Naproxen | Naprosyn, Anaprox, Anaprox DS, EC-Naprosyn, Naprelan, PREVACID, NapraPAC (copackaged with lansoprazole) |
| Oxaprozin | Daypro |
| Piroxicam | Feldene |
| Sulindac | Clinoril |
| Tolmetin | Tolectin, Tolectin DS, Tolectin 600 |
* Vicoprofen contains the same dose of ibuprofen as over-the-counter (OTC) NSAIDs, and is usually used for less than 10 days to treat pain. The OTC NSAID label warns that long term continuous use may increase the risk of heart attack or stroke.
All registered trademarks in this document are the property of their respective owners.
Please address medical inquiries to, (MedicalAffairs@zydususa.com) Tel.: 1-877-993-8779.
This Medication Guide has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.
Manufactured by:
Cadila Healthcare Ltd.
Ahmedabad, India.
Distributed by:
Zydus Pharmaceuticals USA Inc.
Pennington, NJ 08534
Rev.: 04/11
Revision Date : 29/04/2011
| Class | Version | Type | Effective |
|---|---|---|---|
| MELOXICAM Pharmacologic Class Indexing | 2 | Indexing - Pharmacologic Class | 20191108 |
| Product concept | Relation | Version | Effective |
|---|---|---|---|
| bdef11ce-16e2-4690-96a3-597bcf5cc738 | Product name | 1 | 20260130 |
| f2791553-0b76-42f4-8d49-af3eda072bfb | Product name | 1 | 20251117 |
| e3a99641-4540-4894-9108-00cab3c57b7e | Product name | 1 | 20211207 |
| 3e9b4ed6-844c-4725-9d19-cceb5c823572 | Product name | 2 | 20210903 |
| b21a682e-c765-4e26-9bb2-dbb8c7b38ef7 | Product name | 1 | 20200623 |
| a428d1db-64d7-4fc3-8d13-832b1e84b683 | Product name | 1 | 20190201 |
| 96649a58-aac8-401c-be00-450b4335f7e7 | Product name | 1 | 20161116 |
| f0761cb7-8207-3a19-2ca3-ecbb559b04e1 | Product name | 2 | 20161116 |
| NDC | Effective | Action | Document | Indexing SPL | Related label |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 66116-403-30 | 2019-11-13 | C162847 | 48780-1 | 97449f38-c299-f6ea-e053-dbdaa90aa703 | These highlights do not include all the information needed to use meloxicam tablets safety and effectively. See full prescribing information for meloxicam tablets Initial U.S. Approval: 2000 |
| Package NDC | Product | Description | Form | Quantity | Strength | SPL version |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 66116-403-30 | meloxicam | 30 in 1 BOTTLE | TABLET | 30 | 1 |
| Package NDC | Billing unit | Product NDC | DailyMed indexing SPL | SPL version | Effective |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 68382-050-01 | EA - Each | 68382-050 | 36f945e7-0f2c-4632-bade-d09e468b62b1 | 1 | 2012-07-24 |
| 68382-050-05 | EA - Each | 68382-050 | f7f4f70f-b411-47fc-8a8b-9a358eb26654 | 1 | 2012-07-24 |
| 68382-050-16 | EA - Each | 68382-050 | 3cd62e06-d964-4a2d-bda5-ea90d9f41e1a | 1 | 2012-07-24 |
| Ingredient | Type | UNII | SPL version | Uploaded |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MELOXICAM | ACTIVE INGREDIENT | VG2QF83CGL | 1 | |
| MELOXICAM | ACTIVE MOIETY | VG2QF83CGL | 1 | |
| CELLULOSE, MICROCRYSTALLINE | INACTIVE INGREDIENT | OP1R32D61U | 1 | |
| CROSPOVIDONE | INACTIVE INGREDIENT | 68401960MK | 1 | |
| LACTOSE MONOHYDRATE | INACTIVE INGREDIENT | EWQ57Q8I5X | 1 | |
| MAGNESIUM STEARATE | INACTIVE INGREDIENT | 70097M6I30 | 1 | |
| POVIDONE | INACTIVE INGREDIENT | FZ989GH94E | 1 | |
| SILICON DIOXIDE | INACTIVE INGREDIENT | ETJ7Z6XBU4 | 1 | |
| TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE | INACTIVE INGREDIENT | B22547B95K | 1 |
Every source-derived product name is available through these pages.
| Product NDC | Package NDC |
|---|---|
| 66116-403 | 66116-403-30 |
| 68382-050 |
Every source-derived ingredient row is available through these pages.
| Name | UNII | Kind |
|---|---|---|
| MELOXICAM | VG2QF83CGL | ACTIB |
| CROSPOVIDONE | 68401960MK | IACT |
| LACTOSE MONOHYDRATE | EWQ57Q8I5X | IACT |
| MAGNESIUM STEARATE | 70097M6I30 | IACT |
| SILICON DIOXIDE | ETJ7Z6XBU4 | IACT |
| TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE | B22547B95K | IACT |
| POVIDONE | FZ989GH94E | IACT |
| CELLULOSE, MICROCRYSTALLINE | OP1R32D61U | IACT |
Inactive Ingredient Database values describe FDA-listed use contexts. The match method and ambiguity count are shown because ingredient names, routes, and dosage forms are not always unique. Browse recovered IID releases and source provenance.
| DailyMed ingredient | IID ingredient | UNII | Dosage form / route | Potency | Maximum daily exposure | Match |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE | TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE | B22547B95K | TABLET / ORAL | 896 mg | ||
| MAGNESIUM STEARATE | MAGNESIUM STEARATE | 70097M6I30 | TABLET / ORAL | 980 mg | ||
| SILICON DIOXIDE | SILICON DIOXIDE | ETJ7Z6XBU4 | TABLET / ORAL | 750 mg | ||
| LACTOSE MONOHYDRATE | LACTOSE MONOHYDRATE | EWQ57Q8I5X | TABLET / ORAL | 4384 mg | ||
| POVIDONE | POVIDONE | FZ989GH94E | TABLET / ORAL | 216 mg | ||
| CELLULOSE, MICROCRYSTALLINE | MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE | OP1R32D61U | TABLET / ORAL | 6184 mg |
All distinct exact application/product contexts derived from this label’s complete NDC list are paginated below.
| Application-product | Trade name | Ingredient | Strength | Dosage form / route | TE codes | RLD / RS | Approval date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A077921-001 | MELOXICAM | MELOXICAM | 7.5MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | 2006-07-19 | |
| A077921-002 | MELOXICAM | MELOXICAM | 15MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | RS | 2006-07-19 |
| Application-product | TE code |
|---|---|
| A077921-001 | AB |
| A077921-002 | AB |
Observed FDA ZIP history: Each table is queried independently by exact application/product key from successfully parsed Orange Book snapshots. Capture times identify archived source observations; absence or a change between snapshots is not inferred. FDA publication files that were not recoverable as structured ZIP data are not represented as states.
| Captured | Edition | Application-product | Trade name | Strength | Dosage form / route | Product TE source text | RLD / RS | Approval date | Source SHA-256 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-09-14 22:38:34 | 2026-08 | A077921-001 | MELOXICAM | 7.5MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | 2006-07-19 | 84e616aacf4f… | |
| 2026-09-14 22:38:34 | 2026-08 | A077921-002 | MELOXICAM | 15MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | RS | 2006-07-19 | 84e616aacf4f… |
| 2026-08-18 06:07:40 | 2026-07 | A077921-001 | MELOXICAM | 7.5MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | 2006-07-19 | caaa826d4ba7… | |
| 2026-08-18 06:07:40 | 2026-07 | A077921-002 | MELOXICAM | 15MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | RS | 2006-07-19 | caaa826d4ba7… |
| 2026-02-19 14:30 UTC | 2026-02 | A077921-001 | MELOXICAM | 7.5MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | 2006-07-19 | 011fe1cb6892… | |
| 2026-02-19 14:30 UTC | 2026-02 | A077921-002 | MELOXICAM | 15MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | RS | 2006-07-19 | 011fe1cb6892… |
| 2025-12-14 10:44 UTC · 2 captures of this ZIP | 2025-12 | A077921-001 | MELOXICAM | 7.5MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | 2006-07-19 | 31067a03dcf5… | |
| 2025-12-14 10:44 UTC · 2 captures of this ZIP | 2025-12 | A077921-002 | MELOXICAM | 15MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | RS | 2006-07-19 | 31067a03dcf5… |
| 2025-08-23 18:47 UTC | 2025-08 | A077921-001 | MELOXICAM | 7.5MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | 2006-07-19 | 6a471c1ec25d… | |
| 2025-08-23 18:47 UTC | 2025-08 | A077921-002 | MELOXICAM | 15MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | RS | 2006-07-19 | 6a471c1ec25d… |
| 2025-03-22 03:13 UTC · 3 captures of this ZIP | 2025-03 | A077921-001 | MELOXICAM | 7.5MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | 2006-07-19 | fd3edfee7708… | |
| 2025-03-22 03:13 UTC · 3 captures of this ZIP | 2025-03 | A077921-002 | MELOXICAM | 15MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | RS | 2006-07-19 | fd3edfee7708… |
| 2025-02-26 10:13 UTC · 3 captures of this ZIP | 2025-02 | A077921-001 | MELOXICAM | 7.5MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | 2006-07-19 | b8a1b40f171c… | |
| 2025-02-26 10:13 UTC · 3 captures of this ZIP | 2025-02 | A077921-002 | MELOXICAM | 15MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | RS | 2006-07-19 | b8a1b40f171c… |
| 2025-01-19 17:59 UTC · 7 captures of this ZIP | 2025-01 | A077921-001 | MELOXICAM | 7.5MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | 2006-07-19 | 03ed91905a0d… | |
| 2025-01-19 17:59 UTC · 7 captures of this ZIP | 2025-01 | A077921-002 | MELOXICAM | 15MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | RS | 2006-07-19 | 03ed91905a0d… |
| 2024-12-13 21:23 UTC · 2 captures of this ZIP | 2024-12 | A077921-001 | MELOXICAM | 7.5MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | 2006-07-19 | 2680178bc6a6… | |
| 2024-12-13 21:23 UTC · 2 captures of this ZIP | 2024-12 | A077921-002 | MELOXICAM | 15MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | RS | 2006-07-19 | 2680178bc6a6… |
| 2024-09-14 05:58 UTC · 2 captures of this ZIP | 2024-09 | A077921-001 | MELOXICAM | 7.5MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | 2006-07-19 | 5bbf6a4d5a75… | |
| 2024-09-14 05:58 UTC · 2 captures of this ZIP | 2024-09 | A077921-002 | MELOXICAM | 15MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | RS | 2006-07-19 | 5bbf6a4d5a75… |
| 2024-11-08 22:44 UTC · 3 captures of this ZIP | 2024-11 | A077921-001 | MELOXICAM | 7.5MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | 2006-07-19 | d8e5a09893c0… | |
| 2024-11-08 22:44 UTC · 3 captures of this ZIP | 2024-11 | A077921-002 | MELOXICAM | 15MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | RS | 2006-07-19 | d8e5a09893c0… |
| 2024-10-29 15:01 UTC | 2024-10 | A077921-001 | MELOXICAM | 7.5MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | 2006-07-19 | d06236e962d9… | |
| 2024-10-29 15:01 UTC | 2024-10 | A077921-002 | MELOXICAM | 15MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | RS | 2006-07-19 | d06236e962d9… |
| 2024-08-13 05:28 UTC · 3 captures of this ZIP | 2024-08 | A077921-001 | MELOXICAM | 7.5MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | 2006-07-19 | 79d66fd596c7… | |
| 2024-08-13 05:28 UTC · 3 captures of this ZIP | 2024-08 | A077921-002 | MELOXICAM | 15MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | RS | 2006-07-19 | 79d66fd596c7… |
| 2024-07-13 05:37 UTC · 2 captures of this ZIP | 2024-07 | A077921-001 | MELOXICAM | 7.5MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | 2006-07-19 | 301d65b070ca… | |
| 2024-07-13 05:37 UTC · 2 captures of this ZIP | 2024-07 | A077921-002 | MELOXICAM | 15MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | RS | 2006-07-19 | 301d65b070ca… |
| 2024-06-18 03:08 UTC · 5 captures of this ZIP | 2024-06 | A077921-001 | MELOXICAM | 7.5MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | 2006-07-19 | 1e350fbaab3a… | |
| 2024-06-18 03:08 UTC · 5 captures of this ZIP | 2024-06 | A077921-002 | MELOXICAM | 15MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | RS | 2006-07-19 | 1e350fbaab3a… |
| 2024-05-31 18:47 UTC | 2024-05 | A077921-001 | MELOXICAM | 7.5MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | 2006-07-19 | 8072bd15b7f6… | |
| 2024-05-31 18:47 UTC | 2024-05 | A077921-002 | MELOXICAM | 15MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | RS | 2006-07-19 | 8072bd15b7f6… |
| 2022-06-29 02:47 UTC · 2 captures of this ZIP | 2022-06 | A077921-001 | MELOXICAM | 7.5MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | 2006-07-19 | 5c6f7cd8ea54… | |
| 2022-06-29 02:47 UTC · 2 captures of this ZIP | 2022-06 | A077921-002 | MELOXICAM | 15MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | 2006-07-19 | 5c6f7cd8ea54… | |
| 2022-04-08 23:34 UTC | 2022-04 | A077921-001 | MELOXICAM | 7.5MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | 2006-07-19 | 5d02ea3f76ae… | |
| 2022-04-08 23:34 UTC | 2022-04 | A077921-002 | MELOXICAM | 15MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | 2006-07-19 | 5d02ea3f76ae… | |
| 2022-04-04 05:41 UTC | 2022-04 | A077921-001 | MELOXICAM | 7.5MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | 2006-07-19 | 4b0b4de00fa7… | |
| 2022-04-04 05:41 UTC | 2022-04 | A077921-002 | MELOXICAM | 15MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | 2006-07-19 | 4b0b4de00fa7… | |
| 2019-12-13 00:20 UTC | 2019-12 | A077921-001 | MELOXICAM | 7.5MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | 2006-07-19 | 74a2ff9319b5… | |
| 2019-12-13 00:20 UTC | 2019-12 | A077921-002 | MELOXICAM | 15MG | TABLET / ORAL | AB | 2006-07-19 | 74a2ff9319b5… |
| Captured | Edition | Application-product | TE code | Order | Source SHA-256 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-09-14 22:38:34 | 2026-08 | A077921-001 | AB | 1 | 84e616aacf4f… |
| 2026-09-14 22:38:34 | 2026-08 | A077921-002 | AB | 1 | 84e616aacf4f… |
| 2026-08-18 06:07:40 | 2026-07 | A077921-001 | AB | 1 | caaa826d4ba7… |
| 2026-08-18 06:07:40 | 2026-07 | A077921-002 | AB | 1 | caaa826d4ba7… |
| 2026-02-19 14:30 UTC | 2026-02 | A077921-001 | AB | 1 | 011fe1cb6892… |
| 2026-02-19 14:30 UTC | 2026-02 | A077921-002 | AB | 1 | 011fe1cb6892… |
| 2025-12-14 10:44 UTC · 2 captures of this ZIP | 2025-12 | A077921-001 | AB | 1 | 31067a03dcf5… |
| 2025-12-14 10:44 UTC · 2 captures of this ZIP | 2025-12 | A077921-002 | AB | 1 | 31067a03dcf5… |
| 2025-08-23 18:47 UTC | 2025-08 | A077921-001 | AB | 1 | 6a471c1ec25d… |
| 2025-08-23 18:47 UTC | 2025-08 | A077921-002 | AB | 1 | 6a471c1ec25d… |
| 2025-03-22 03:13 UTC · 3 captures of this ZIP | 2025-03 | A077921-001 | AB | 1 | fd3edfee7708… |
| 2025-03-22 03:13 UTC · 3 captures of this ZIP | 2025-03 | A077921-002 | AB | 1 | fd3edfee7708… |
| 2025-02-26 10:13 UTC · 3 captures of this ZIP | 2025-02 | A077921-001 | AB | 1 | b8a1b40f171c… |
| 2025-02-26 10:13 UTC · 3 captures of this ZIP | 2025-02 | A077921-002 | AB | 1 | b8a1b40f171c… |
| 2025-01-19 17:59 UTC · 7 captures of this ZIP | 2025-01 | A077921-001 | AB | 1 | 03ed91905a0d… |
| 2025-01-19 17:59 UTC · 7 captures of this ZIP | 2025-01 | A077921-002 | AB | 1 | 03ed91905a0d… |
| 2024-12-13 21:23 UTC · 2 captures of this ZIP | 2024-12 | A077921-001 | AB | 1 | 2680178bc6a6… |
| 2024-12-13 21:23 UTC · 2 captures of this ZIP | 2024-12 | A077921-002 | AB | 1 | 2680178bc6a6… |
| 2024-09-14 05:58 UTC · 2 captures of this ZIP | 2024-09 | A077921-001 | AB | 1 | 5bbf6a4d5a75… |
| 2024-09-14 05:58 UTC · 2 captures of this ZIP | 2024-09 | A077921-002 | AB | 1 | 5bbf6a4d5a75… |
| 2024-11-08 22:44 UTC · 3 captures of this ZIP | 2024-11 | A077921-001 | AB | 1 | d8e5a09893c0… |
| 2024-11-08 22:44 UTC · 3 captures of this ZIP | 2024-11 | A077921-002 | AB | 1 | d8e5a09893c0… |
| 2024-10-29 15:01 UTC | 2024-10 | A077921-001 | AB | 1 | d06236e962d9… |
| 2024-10-29 15:01 UTC | 2024-10 | A077921-002 | AB | 1 | d06236e962d9… |
| 2024-08-13 05:28 UTC · 3 captures of this ZIP | 2024-08 | A077921-001 | AB | 1 | 79d66fd596c7… |
| 2024-08-13 05:28 UTC · 3 captures of this ZIP | 2024-08 | A077921-002 | AB | 1 | 79d66fd596c7… |
| 2024-07-13 05:37 UTC · 2 captures of this ZIP | 2024-07 | A077921-001 | AB | 1 | 301d65b070ca… |
| 2024-07-13 05:37 UTC · 2 captures of this ZIP | 2024-07 | A077921-002 | AB | 1 | 301d65b070ca… |
| 2024-06-18 03:08 UTC · 5 captures of this ZIP | 2024-06 | A077921-001 | AB | 1 | 1e350fbaab3a… |
| 2024-06-18 03:08 UTC · 5 captures of this ZIP | 2024-06 | A077921-002 | AB | 1 | 1e350fbaab3a… |
| 2024-05-31 18:47 UTC | 2024-05 | A077921-001 | AB | 1 | 8072bd15b7f6… |
| 2024-05-31 18:47 UTC | 2024-05 | A077921-002 | AB | 1 | 8072bd15b7f6… |
| 2022-06-29 02:47 UTC · 2 captures of this ZIP | 2022-06 | A077921-001 | AB | 1 | 5c6f7cd8ea54… |
| 2022-06-29 02:47 UTC · 2 captures of this ZIP | 2022-06 | A077921-002 | AB | 1 | 5c6f7cd8ea54… |
| 2022-04-08 23:34 UTC | 2022-04 | A077921-001 | AB | 1 | 5d02ea3f76ae… |
| 2022-04-08 23:34 UTC | 2022-04 | A077921-002 | AB | 1 | 5d02ea3f76ae… |
| 2022-04-04 05:41 UTC | 2022-04 | A077921-001 | AB | 1 | 4b0b4de00fa7… |
| 2022-04-04 05:41 UTC | 2022-04 | A077921-002 | AB | 1 | 4b0b4de00fa7… |
| 2019-12-13 00:20 UTC | 2019-12 | A077921-001 | AB | 1 | 74a2ff9319b5… |
| 2019-12-13 00:20 UTC | 2019-12 | A077921-002 | AB | 1 | 74a2ff9319b5… |
OpenFDA label data provides additional search and identifier links. DailyMed’s Structured Product Label is the canonical label on FDA.report. Matching records are deduplicated before they are shown below.
| Brand | Generic | Manufacturer | SPL set ID | Effective date | Available safety fields | Join |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| meloxicam | MELOXICAM | Zydus Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. | 6c015f72-5ce3-4f56-8237-776fc2165b0c | 2024-10-01 | Boxed warning, Warnings, Adverse reactions | 68382-050 |
| e65e3c28-a40b-4daa-8fd5-29f112575b68 | e65e3c28-a40b-4daa-8fd5-29f112575b68 | 2011-04-28 | Boxed warning, Warnings, Adverse reactions | e65e3c28-a40b-4daa-8fd5-29f112575b68 e65e3c28-a40b-4daa-8fd5-29f112575b68 |
Adverse event summaries are temporarily unavailable. Other product information remains available.