Antirobe Aquadrops

  Clindamycin is an inhibitor of protein synthesis in the bacterial cell. The site of binding appears to be in the 5OS sub-unit of the ribosome. Binding occurs to the soluble RNA fraction of certain ribosomes, thereby inhibiting the binding of amino acids to those ribosomes. Clindamycin differs from cell wall inhibitors in that it causes irreversible modification of the protein-synthesizing subcellular elements at the ribosomal level.

 Clindamycin is a lincosaminide antimicrobial agent with activity against a wide variety of aerobic and anaerobic bacterial pathogens. Clindamycin is a bacteriostatic compound that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 5OS ribosomal sub-unit. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Gram-positive and obligate anaerobic pathogens isolated from dogs and cats in the United States are presented in Table 1 and Table 2. Bacteria were isolated in 1998-1999. All MICs were performed in accordance with the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS).

 Clindamycin hydrochloride is rapidly absorbed from the canine and feline gastrointestinal tract.

 Serum levels at or above 0.5 μg/mL can be maintained by oral dosing at a rate of 2.5 mg/lb of clindamycin hydrochloride every 12 hours. This same study revealed that average peak serum concentrations of clindamycin occur 1 hour and 15 minutes after oral dosing. The elimination half-life for clindamycin in dog serum was approximately 5 hours. There was no bioactivity accumulation after a regimen of multiple oral doses in healthy dogs.

Clindamycin Serum Concentrations 2.5 mg/lb (5.5 mg/kg) After B.I.D. Oral Dose of Antirobe Capsules to Dogs

Figure 1

  Serum levels at or above 0.5 μg/mL can be maintained by oral dosing at a rate of 5 mg/lb of clindamycin hydrochloride liquid every 24 hours. The average peak serum concentration of clindamycin occurs approximately 1 hour after oral dosing. The elimination half-life of clindamycin in feline serum is approximately 7.5 hours. In healthy cats, minimal accumulation occurs after multiple oral doses of clindamycin hydrochloride, and steady-state should be achieved by the third dose.

Clindamycin Serum Concentrations 5 mg/lb (11 mg/kg) After Single Oral Dose of Antirobe Aquadrops to Cats

Figure 2

 One year oral toxicity studies in rats and dogs at doses of 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg/day (13.6, 45.5 and 136.4 mg/lb/day) have shown clindamycin hydrochloride capsules to be well tolerated. Differences did not occur in the parameters evaluated to assess toxicity when comparing groups of treated animals with contemporary controls. Rats administered clindamycin hydrochloride at 600 mg/kg/day (272.7 mg/lb/day) for six months tolerated the drug well; however, dogs orally dosed at 600 mg/kg/day (272.7 mg/lb/day) vomited, had anorexia, and subsequently lost weight. At necropsy these dogs had erosive gastritis and focal areas of necrosis of the mucosa of the gallbladder.

Safety in gestating bitches or breeding males has not been established.

 The recommended daily therapeutic dose range for clindamycin hydrochloride (ANTIROBE AQUADROPS oral solution) is 11 to 33 mg/kg/day (5 to 15 mg/lb/day) depending on the severity of the condition. Clindamycin hydrochloride (ANTIROBE AQUADROPS oral soluation) was tolerated with little evidence of toxicity in domestic shorthair cats when administered orally at 10× the minimum recommended therapeutic daily dose (11 mg/kg; 5 mg/lb) for 15 days, and at doses up to 5× the minimum recommended therapeutic dose for 42 days. Gastrointestinal tract upset (soft feces to diarrhea) occurred in control and treated cats with emesis occurring at doses 3× or greater than the minimum recommended therapeutic dose (11 mg/kg/day; 5 mg/lb/day). Lymphocytic inflammation of the gallbladder was noted in a greater number of treated cats at the 110 mg/kg/day (50 mg/lb/day) dose level than for control cats. No other effects were noted. Safety in gestating queens or breeding male cats has not been established.

Infected Wounds, Abscesses, and Dental Infections 

Oral: 2.5-15.0 mg/lb body weight every 12 hours.

Duration: Treatment with ANTIROBE products may be continued up to a maximum of 28 days if clinical judgment indicates. Treatment of acute infections should not be continued for more than three or four days if no response to therapy is seen.

Dosage Schedule:

Capsules

ANTIROBE 25 mg, administer 1-6 capsules every 12 hours for each 10 pounds of body weight.

ANTIROBE 75 mg, administer 1-6 capsules every 12 hours for each 30 pounds of body weight.

ANTIROBE 150 mg, administer 1-6 capsules every 12 hours for each 60 pounds of body weight.

Oral Solution

ANTIROBE AQUADROPS, administer 1-6 mL/10 lbs body weight every 12 hours.

Osteomyelitis

Oral: 5.0-15.0 mg/lb body weight every 12 hours

Duration: Treatment with ANTIROBE is recommended for a minimum of 28 days. Treatment should not be continued for longer than 28 days if no response to therapy is seen.

Dosage Schedule:

Capsules

ANTIROBE 25 mg, administer 2-6 capsules every 12 hours for each 10 pounds of body weight.

ANTIROBE 75 mg, administer 2-6 capsules every 12 hours for each 30 pounds of body weight.

ANTIROBE 150 mg, administer 2-6 capsules every 12 hours for each 60 pounds of body weight.

Oral Solution

ANTIROBE AQUADROPS, administer 2-6 mL/ 10 lbs body weight every 12 hours.

Infected Wounds, Abscesses, and Dental Infections

5.0 - 15.0 mg/lb body weight once every 24 hours depending on the severity of the condition.

Duration: Treatment with ANTIROBE AQUADROPS oral solution may be continued up to a maximum of 14 days if clinical judgment indicates. Treatment of acute infections should not be continued for more than three to four days if no clinical response to therapy is seen.

Dosage Schedule:

ANTIROBE AQUADROPS, to provide 5.0 mg/lb, administer 1 mL/5 lbs body weight once every 24 hours; to provide 15.0 mg/lb, administer 3 mL/5 lbs body weight once every 24 hours.