BENZTROPINE MESYLATE injection
Benztropine Mesylate by
Drug Labeling and Warnings
Benztropine Mesylate by is a Prescription medication manufactured, distributed, or labeled by Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc., HIKMA FARMACEUTICA (PORTUGAL), S.A. Drug facts, warnings, and ingredients follow.
Drug Details [pdf]
- SPL UNCLASSIFIED SECTION
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DESCRIPTION
Benztropine Mesylate, USP is a synthetic compound containing structural features found in atropine and diphenhydramine.
It is designated chemically as 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1] octane, 3-(diphenylmethoxy)-, endo, methanesulfonate. Its empirical formula is C21H25NOCH4O3S, and its structural formula is:
Benztropine mesylate is a crystalline white powder, very soluble in water, and has a molecular weight of 403.54.
Benztropine Mesylate Injection, USP is supplied as a sterile injection for intravenous and intramuscular use.
Each milliliter of the injection contains:
Benztropine Mesylate, USP ..................................................................... 1 mg
Sodium Chloride, USP ............................................................................... 9 mg
Water for Injection q.s. ............................................................................ 1 mL
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CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
Benztropine mesylate possesses both anticholinergic and antihistaminic effects, although only the former have been established as therapeutically significant in the management of parkinsonism.
In the isolated guinea pig ileum, the anticholinergic activity of this drug is about equal to that of atropine; however, when administered orally to unanesthetized cats, it is only about half as active as atropine.
In laboratory animals, its antihistaminic activity and duration of action approach those of pyrilamine maleate.
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INDICATIONS AND USAGE
For use as an adjunct in the therapy of all forms of parkinsonism (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).
Useful also in the control of extrapyramidal disorders (except tardive dyskinesia - see PRECAUTIONS) due to neuroleptic drugs (e.g., phenothiazines).
- CONTRAINDICATIONS
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WARNINGS
Safe use in pregnancy has not been established.
Benztropine mesylate may impair mental and/or physical abilities required for performance of hazardous tasks, such as operating machinery or driving a motor vehicle.
When benztropine mesylate is given concomitantly with phenothiazines, haloperidol, or other drugs with anticholinergic or antidopaminergic activity, patients should be advised to report gastrointestinal complaints, fever or heat intolerance promptly. Paralytic ileus, hyperthermia and heat stroke, all of which have sometimes been fatal, have occurred in patients taking anticholinergic-type antiparkinsonism drugs, including benztropine mesylate, in combination with phenothiazines and/or tricyclic antidepressants.
Since benztropine mesylate contains structural features of atropine, it may produce anhidrosis. For this reason, it should be administered with caution during hot weather, especially when given concomitantly with other atropine-like drugs to the chronically ill, the alcoholic, those who have central nervous system disease, and those who do manual labor in a hot environment. Anhidrosis may occur more readily when some disturbance of sweating already exists. If there is evidence of anhidrosis, the possibility of hyperthermia should be considered. Dosage should be decreased at the discretion of the physician so that the ability to maintain body heat equilibrium by perspiration is not impaired. Severe anhidrosis and fatal hyperthermia have occurred.
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PRECAUTIONS
General
Since benztropine mesylate has cumulative action, continued supervision is advisable. Patients with a tendency to tachycardia and patients with prostatic hypertrophy should be observed closely during treatment.
Dysuria may occur, but rarely becomes a problem. Urinary retention has been reported with benztropine mesylate.
The drug may cause complaints of weakness and inability to move particular muscle groups, especially in large doses. For example, if the neck has been rigid and suddenly relaxes, it may feel weak, causing some concern. In this event, dosage adjustment is required.
Mental confusion and excitement may occur with large doses, or in susceptible patients. Visual hallucinations have been reported occasionally. Furthermore, in the treatment of extrapyramidal disorders due to neuroleptic drugs (e.g., phenothiazines), in patients with mental disorders, occasionally there may be intensification of mental symptoms. In such cases, antiparkinsonian drugs can precipitate a toxic psychosis. Patients with mental disorders should be kept under careful observation, especially at the beginning of treatment or if dosage is increased.
Tardive dyskinesia may appear in some patients on long-term therapy with phenothiazines and related agents, or may occur after therapy with these drugs have been discontinued. Antiparkinsonism agents do not alleviate the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia, and in some instances may aggravate them. Benztropine mesylate is not recommended for use in patients with tardive dyskinesia.
The physician should be aware of the possible occurrence of glaucoma. Although the drug does not appear to have any adverse effect on simple glaucoma, it probably should not be used in angle-closure glaucoma.
Drug Interactions
Antipsychotic drugs such as phenothiazines or haloperidol; tricyclic antidepressants (see WARNINGS).
Pediatric Use
Because of the atropine-like side effects, benztropine mesylate should be used with caution in pediatric patients over three years of age (see CONTRAINDICATIONS).
Geriatric Use
Clinical studies of benztropine mesylate did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should start at the low end of the dosing range (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION) and the dose should be increased only as needed with monitoring for the emergence of adverse events (see PRECAUTIONS and ADVERSE REACTIONS).
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ADVERSE REACTIONS
The adverse reactions below, most of which are anticholinergic in nature, have been reported and within each category are listed in order of decreasing severity.
Digestive
Paralytic ileus, constipation, vomiting, nausea, dry mouth.
If dry mouth is so severe that there is difficulty in swallowing or speaking, or loss of appetite and weight, reduce dosage, or discontinue the drug temporarily.
Slight reduction in dosage may control nausea and still give sufficient relief of symptoms. Vomiting may be controlled by temporary discontinuation, followed by resumption at a lower dosage.
Nervous System
Toxic psychosis, including confusion, disorientation, memory impairment, visual hallucinations; exacerbation of pre-existing psychotic symptoms; nervousness; depression; listlessness; numbness of fingers.
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OVERDOSAGE
Manifestations
May be any of those seen in atropine poisoning or antihistamine overdosage: CNS depression, preceded or followed by stimulation; confusion; nervousness; listlessness; intensification of mental symptoms or toxic psychosis in patients with mental illness being treated with neuroleptic drugs (e.g., phenothiazines); hallucinations (especially visual); dizziness; muscle weakness; ataxia; dry mouth; mydriasis; blurred vision; palpitations; tachycardia; elevated blood pressure; nausea; vomiting; dysuria; numbness of fingers; dysphagia; allergic reactions, e.g., skin rash; headache; hot, dry, flushed skin; delirium; coma; shock; convulsions; respiratory arrest; anhidrosis; hyperthermia; glaucoma; constipation.
Treatment
Physostigmine salicylate, 1 to 2 mg, SC or IV, reportedly will reverse symptoms of anticholinergic intoxication*.A second injection may be given after 2 hours if required. Otherwise treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Maintain respiration. A short‑acting barbiturate may be used for CNS excitement, but with caution to avoid subsequent depression; supportive care for depression (avoid convulsant stimulants such as picrotoxin, pentylenetetrazol, or bemegride); artificial respiration for severe respiratory depression; a local miotic for mydriasis and cycloplegia; ice bags or other cold applications and alcohol sponges for hyperpyrexia, a vasopressor and fluids for circulatory collapse. Darken room for photophobia.
* Duvosin, R.C.; Katz, R.J.; Amer. Med. Ass. 206: 1963-1965, Nov. 25, 1968.
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DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
Since there is no significant difference in onset of effect after intravenous or intramuscular injection, usually there is no need to use the intravenous route. The drug is quickly effective after either route, with improvement sometimes noticeable a few minutes after injection. In emergency situations, when the condition of the patient is alarming, 1 to 2 mL of the injection normally will provide quick relief. If the parkinsonian effect begins to return, the dose can be repeated.
Because of cumulative action, therapy should be initiated with a low dose which is increased gradually at five or six-day intervals to the smallest amount necessary for optimal relief. Increases should be made in increments of 0.5 mg, to a maximum of 6 mg, or until optimal results are obtained without excessive adverse reactions.
Postencephalitic and Idiopathic Parkinsonism
The following dosing guidelines were written in reference to both benztropine mesylate tablets and benztropine mesylate injection. Benztropine mesylate tablets should be used when patients are able to take oral medication.
The usual daily dose is 1 to 2 mg, with a range of 0.5 to 6 mg parenterally.
As with any agent used in parkinsonism, dosage must be individualized according to age and weight, and the type of parkinsonism being treated. Generally, older patients, and thin patients cannot tolerate large doses. Most patients with postencephalitic parkinsonism need fairly large doses and tolerate them well. Patients with a poor mental outlook are usually poor candidates for therapy.
In idiopathic parkinsonism, therapy may be initiated with a single daily dose of 0.5 to 1 mg at bedtime. In some patients, this will be adequate; in others 4 to 6 mg a day may be required.
In postencephalitic parkinsonism, therapy may be initiated in most patients with 2 mg a day in one or more doses. In highly sensitive patients, therapy may be initiated with 0.5 mg at bedtime, and increased as necessary.
Some patients experience greatest relief by taking the entire dose at bedtime; others react more favorably to divided doses, two to four times a day. Frequently, one dose a day is sufficient, and divided doses may be unnecessary or undesirable.
The long duration of action of this drug makes it particularly suitable for bedtime medication when its effects may last throughout the night, enabling patients to turn in bed during the night more easily, and to rise in the morning.
When benztropine mesylate is started, do not terminate therapy with other antiparkinsonian agents abruptly. If the other agents are to be reduced or discontinued, it must be done gradually. Many patients obtain greatest relief with combination therapy.
Benztropine mesylate may be used concomitantly with carbidopa-levodopa, or with levodopa, in which case dosage adjustment may be required in order to maintain optimum response.
Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Disorders
In treating extrapyramidal disorders due to neuroleptic drugs (e.g., phenothiazines), the recommended dosage is 1 to 4 mg once or twice a day parenterally. Dosage must be individualized according to the need of the patient. Some patients require more than recommended; others do not need as much.
In acute dystonic reactions, 1 to 2 mL of the injection usually relieves the condition quickly.
When extrapyramidal disorders develop soon after initiation of treatment with neuroleptic drugs (e.g., phenothiazines), they are likely to be transient. One to 2 mg of benztropine mesylate two or three times a day usually provides relief within one or two days. After one or two weeks, the drug should be withdrawn to determine the continued need for it. If such disorders recur, benztropine mesylate can be reinstituted.
Certain drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders that develop slowly may not respond to benztropine mesylate.
Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration.
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HOW SUPPLIED
Benztropine Mesylate Injection, USP, 1 mg per mL, is a clear, colorless solution and is supplied as follows:
NDC: 0143-9233-05 in cartons of 5 x 2 mL vials
Storage Conditions: Store at 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted to 15º to 30°C (59º to 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Discard unused portion.
Manufactured by:
HIKMA FARMACÊUTICA (PORTUGAL), S.A.
Estrada do Rio da Mó, 8, 8A e 8B – Fervença – 2705-906 Terrugem SNT, PORTUGALDistributed by:
Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc.Berkeley Heights, NJ 07922
PIN602-WES/1
Revised: August 2021
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PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL
NDC 0143-9233-01 Rx only
Benztropine
Mesylate
Injection, USP
2 mg per 2 mL
(1 mg/mL)
For Intravenous or
Intramuscular Use
Rx only
Benztropine Mesylate Injection, USP Container Label
NDC 0143-9233-05 Rx only
Benztropine
Mesylate
Injection, USP
2 mg per 2mL
(1 mg/mL)
For Intravenous or Intramuscular Use
5 x 2 mL Single-Dose Vials
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INGREDIENTS AND APPEARANCE
BENZTROPINE MESYLATE
benztropine mesylate injectionProduct Information Product Type HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG Item Code (Source) NDC: 0143-9233 Route of Administration INTRAMUSCULAR, INTRAVENOUS Active Ingredient/Active Moiety Ingredient Name Basis of Strength Strength BENZTROPINE MESYLATE (UNII: WMJ8TL7510) (BENZTROPINE - UNII:1NHL2J4X8K) BENZTROPINE MESYLATE 1 mg in 1 mL Inactive Ingredients Ingredient Name Strength SODIUM CHLORIDE (UNII: 451W47IQ8X) 9 mg in 1 mL WATER (UNII: 059QF0KO0R) Packaging # Item Code Package Description Marketing Start Date Marketing End Date 1 NDC: 0143-9233-05 5 in 1 BOX 10/14/2021 1 NDC: 0143-9233-01 2 mL in 1 VIAL; Type 0: Not a Combination Product Marketing Information Marketing Category Application Number or Monograph Citation Marketing Start Date Marketing End Date ANDA ANDA209442 10/14/2021 Labeler - Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. (001230762) Establishment Name Address ID/FEI Business Operations HIKMA FARMACEUTICA (PORTUGAL), S.A 452742943 analysis(0143-9233) , label(0143-9233) , manufacture(0143-9233) , pack(0143-9233)
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