GRANISETRON- granisetron hydrochloride injection, solution

Granisetron by

Drug Labeling and Warnings

Granisetron by is a Prescription medication manufactured, distributed, or labeled by Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC. Drug facts, warnings, and ingredients follow.

Drug Details [pdf]

  • 1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

    Granisetron Hydrochloride Injection, USP is a serotonin-3 (5-HT 3) receptor antagonist indicated for:

    • The prevention of nausea and/or vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of emetogenic cancer therapy, including high-dose cisplatin.
    • The prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults. As with other antiemetics, routine prophylaxis is not recommended in patients in whom there is little expectation that nausea and/or vomiting will occur postoperatively. In patients where nausea and/or vomiting must be avoided during the postoperative period, granisetron hydrochloride injection, USP is recommended even where the incidence of postoperative nausea and/or vomiting is low.
  • 2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

    2.1 Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting

    Adult Patients

    The recommended dosage for granisetron hydrochloride injection is 10 mcg/kg administered intravenously within 30 minutes before initiation of chemotherapy, and only on the day(s) chemotherapy is given.

    Infusion Preparation 

    Granisetron hydrochloride injection may be administered intravenously either undiluted over 30 seconds, or diluted with 0.9% Sodium Chloride or 5% Dextrose and infused over 5 minutes.

    Stability

    Intravenous infusion of granisetron hydrochloride injection should be prepared at the time of administration.  However, granisetron hydrochloride injection has been shown to be stable for at least 24 hours when diluted in 0.9% Sodium Chloride or 5% Dextrose and stored at room temperature under normal lighting conditions.

    As a general precaution, granisetron hydrochloride injection should not be mixed in solution with other drugs.  Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration before administration whenever solution and container permit.

    Pediatric Patients 

    The recommended dose in pediatric patients 2 to 16 years of age is 10 mcg/kg [see Clinical Studies (14)] .  Pediatric patients under 2 years of age have not been studied.

    2.2 Prevention and Treatment of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

    Adult Patients

    The recommended dosage for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting is 1 mg of granisetron hydrochloride injection, undiluted, administered intravenously over 30 seconds, before induction of anesthesia or immediately before reversal of anesthesia.

    The recommended dosage for the treatment of nausea and/or vomiting after surgery is 1 mg of granisetron hydrochloride injection, undiluted, administered intravenously over 30 seconds.

  • 3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

    Single Dose Vials for Injection: 1 mg per mL, 0.1 mg per mL

    Multiple Dose Vials for Injection: 4 mg per 4 mL

  • 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

    Granisetron hydrochloride injection is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylaxis, shortness of breath, hypotension, urticaria) to the drug or to any of its components.

  • 5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

    5.1 Gastric or Intestinal Peristalsis

    Granisetron hydrochloride is not a drug that stimulates gastric or intestinal peristalsis.  It should not be used instead of nasogastric suction.  The use of granisetron hydrochloride in patients following abdominal surgery or in patients with chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting may mask a progressive ileus and/or gastric distention.

    5.2 Cardiovascular Events

    An adequate QT assessment has not been conducted, but QT prolongation has been reported with granisetron hydrochloride.  Therefore, granisetron hydrochloride should be used with caution in patients with pre-existing arrhythmias or cardiac conduction disorders, as this might lead to clinical consequences.  Patients with cardiac disease, on cardio-toxic chemotherapy, with concomitant electrolyte abnormalities and/or on concomitant medications that prolong the QT interval are particularly at risk.

    5.3 Hypersensitivity Reactions

    Hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis, shortness of breath, hypotension, urticaria) may occur in patients who have exhibited hypersensitivity to other selective 5-HT 3 receptor antagonists.

    5.4 Serotonin Syndrome

    The development of serotonin syndrome has been reported with 5-HT 3 receptor antagonists.  Most reports have been associated with concomitant use of serotonergic drugs (e.g., selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), monoamine oxidase inhibitors, mirtazapine, fentanyl, lithium, tramadol, and intravenous methylene blue). Some of the reported cases were fatal. Serotonin syndrome occurring with overdose of another 5-HT 3 receptor antagonist alone has also been reported. The majority of reports of serotonin syndrome related to 5-HT 3 receptor antagonist use occurred in a post-anesthesia care unit or an infusion center.

    Symptoms associated with serotonin syndrome may include the following combination of signs and symptoms: mental status changes (e.g., agitation, hallucinations, delirium, and coma), autonomic instability (e.g., tachycardia, labile blood pressure, dizziness, diaphoresis, flushing, hyperthermia), neuromuscular symptoms (e.g., tremor, rigidity, myoclonus, hyperreflexia, incoordination), seizures, with or without gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea). Patients should be monitored for the emergence of serotonin syndrome, especially with concomitant use of granisetron and other serotonergic drugs. If symptoms of serotonin syndrome occur, discontinue granisetron and initiate supportive treatment. Patients should be informed of the increased risk of serotonin syndrome, especially if granisetron is used concomitantly with other serotonergic drugs [see Drug Interactions (7), Patient Counseling Information (17.1)] .

  • 6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

    QT prolongation has been reported with granisetron hydrochloride [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) and Drug Interactions (7)] .

    6.1 Clinical Trials Experience

    Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in patients.

    Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting

    The following have been reported during controlled clinical trials or in the routine management of patients.  The percentage figures are based on clinical trial experience only.  Table 1 gives the comparative frequencies of the two most commonly reported adverse reactions (≥3%) in patients receiving granisetron hydrochloride injection, in single-day chemotherapy trials.  These patients received chemotherapy, primarily cisplatin, and intravenous fluids during the 24-hour period following granisetron hydrochloride injection administration.  Reactions were generally recorded over seven days post-granisetron hydrochloride injection administration.

    Table 1:  Principal Adverse Reactions in Clinical Trials — Single-Day Chemotherapy

                                 Percent of Patients With Reaction
     
    		Granisetron Hydrochloride
      Injection
    40 mcg/kg
    (n=1,268)
    		Comparator1
    (n=422)
    Headache
    Constipation
    		14%
    3%
    		6%
    3%

    1Metoclopramide/dexamethasone and phenothiazines/dexamethasone.

    Additional adverse events reported in clinical trials were asthenia, somnolence and diarrhea.  

    In over 3,000 patients receiving granisetron hydrochloride injection (2 to 160 mcg/kg) in single-day and multiple-day clinical trials with emetogenic cancer therapies, adverse events, other than those adverse reactions listed in Table 1, were observed; attribution of many of these events to granisetron hydrochloride is uncertain.

    Hepatic: In comparative trials, mainly with cisplatin regimens, elevations of AST and ALT (>2 times the upper limit of normal) following administration of granisetron hydrochloride injection occurred in 2.8% and 3.3% of patients, respectively.  These frequencies were not significantly different from those seen with comparators (AST: 2.1%; ALT: 2.4%).

    Cardiovascular: Hypertension (2%); hypotension, arrhythmias such as sinus bradycardia, atrial fibrillation, varying degrees of A-V block, ventricular ectopy including non-sustained tachycardia, and ECG abnormalities have been observed rarely.

    Central Nervous System: Agitation, anxiety, CNS stimulation and insomnia were seen in less than 2% of patients.  Extrapyramidal syndrome occurred rarely and only in the presence of other drugs associated with this syndrome.

    Hypersensitivity: Rare cases of hypersensitivity reactions, sometimes severe (e.g., anaphylaxis, shortness of breath, hypotension, urticaria) have been reported.

    Other: Fever (3%), taste disorder (2%), skin rashes (1%).  In multiple-day comparative studies, fever occurred more frequently with granisetron hydrochloride injection (8.6%) than with comparative drugs (3.4%, P <0.014), which usually included dexamethasone.

    Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

    The adverse reactions listed in Table 2 were reported in ≥ 2% of adults receiving granisetron hydrochloride injection 1 mg during controlled clinical trials.

     

    Table 2: Adverse Reactions in Controlled Clinical Trials in Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (Reported in ≥ 2% of Adults Receiving Granisetron Hydrochloride Injection 1 mg)


    Percent of Patients With Reaction
     
    		Granisetron Hydrochloride Injection
    1 mg
    (n=267)
    		Placebo
     
    (n=266)
    Pain
    		10.1
    		8.3
    Headache
    		8.6
    		7.1
    Fever
    		7.9
    		4.5
    Abdominal Pain
    		6
    		6
    Hepatic Enzymes Increased   
    		5.6
    		4.1
    Dizziness
    		4.1
    		3.4
    Diarrhea
    		3.4
    		1.1
    Flatulence
    		3
    		3
    Dyspepsia
    		3
    		1.9
    Oliguria
    		2.2
    		1.5
    Coughing
    		2.2
    		1.1

    Additional adverse events reported in clinical trials were constipation, anemia, insomnia, bradycardia, leukocytosis, anxiety, hypotension, infection, hypertension, and urinary tract infection.

    In a clinical study conducted in Japan, the types of adverse events differed notably from those reported above in Table 2. The adverse events in the Japanese study that occurred in ≥ 2% of patients and were more frequent with granisetron hydrochloride injection 1 mg than with placebo were: fever (56% to 50%), sputum increased (2.7% to 1.7%), and dermatitis (2.7% to 0%).

    6.2 Postmarketing Experience

    The following adverse reactions have been identified during post approval use of granisetron hydrochloride.  Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to granisetron hydrochloride exposure.

    QT prolongation has been reported with granisetron hydrochloride [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)and Drug Interactions (7)].

  • 7 DRUG INTERACTIONS

    Granisetron does not induce or inhibit the cytochrome P-450 drug-metabolizing enzyme system in vitro.  There have been no definitive drug-drug interaction studies to examine pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic interaction with other drugs; however, in humans, granisetron hydrochloride injection has been safely administered with drugs representing benzodiazepines, neuroleptics and anti-ulcer medications commonly prescribed with antiemetic treatments.  Granisetron hydrochloride injection also does not appear to interact with emetogenic cancer chemotherapies.  Because granisetron is metabolized by hepatic cytochrome P-450 drug-metabolizing enzymes, inducers or inhibitors of these enzymes may change the clearance and, hence, the half-life of granisetron.  No specific interaction studies have been conducted in anesthetized patients.  In addition, the activity of the cytochrome P-450 subfamily 3A4 (involved in the metabolism of some of the main narcotic analgesic agents) is not modified by granisetron hydrochloride in vitro.

    In in vitro human microsomal studies, ketoconazole inhibited ring oxidation of granisetron hydrochloride.  However, the clinical significance of in vivo pharmacokinetic interactions with ketoconazole is not known.  In a human pharmacokinetic study, hepatic enzyme induction with phenobarbital resulted in a 25% increase in total plasma clearance of intravenous granisetron hydrochloride.  The clinical significance of this change is not known.

    QT prolongation has been reported with granisetron hydrochloride.  Use of granisetron hydrochloride in patients concurrently treated with drugs known to prolong the QT interval and/or are arrhythmogenic may result in clinical consequences.

    Serotonin syndrome (including altered mental status, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular symptoms) has been described following the concomitant use of 5-HT 3 receptor antagonists and other serotonergic drugs, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)] .


  • 8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

    8.1 Pregnancy

    Pregnancy Category B

    Reproduction studies have been performed in pregnant rats at intravenous doses up to 9 mg/kg/day (54 mg/m 2/day, 146 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area) and pregnant rabbits at intravenous doses up to 3 mg/kg/day (35.4 mg/m 2/day, 96 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area) and have revealed no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus due to granisetron.  There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.  Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.


    8.3 Nursing Mothers

    It is not known whether granisetron is excreted in human milk.  Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when granisetron hydrochloride injection is administered to a nursing woman.

    8.4 Pediatric Use

    Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting

    [See Dosage and Administration ( 2)] for use in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric patients 2 to 16 years of age.  Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients under 2 years of age have not been established.

    Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

    Safety and efficacy have not been established in pediatric patients for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV).  Granisetron has been evaluated in a pediatric patient clinical trial for use in the prevention of PONV.  Due to the lack of efficacy and the QT prolongation observed in this trial, use of granisetron for the prevention of PONV in children is not recommended.  The trial was a prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial that evaluated 157 children aged 2 to 16 years who were undergoing elective surgery for tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy.  The purpose of the trial was to assess two dose levels (20 mcg/kg and 40 mcg/kg) of intravenous granisetron in the prevention of PONV.  There was no active comparator or placebo.  The primary endpoint was total control of nausea and vomiting (defined as no nausea, vomiting/retching, or use of rescue medication) in the 24 hours following surgery.  Efficacy was not established due to lack of a dose response.

    The trial also included standard 12 lead ECGs performed pre-dose and after the induction of anesthesia. ECGs were repeated at the end of surgery after the administration of granisetron and just prior to reversal of anesthesia.  QT prolongation was seen at both dose levels.  Five patients in this trial experienced an increase of  ≥ 60 msec in QTcF. In addition, there were two patients whose QTcF was ≥ 500 msec.  Interpretation of the QTcF prolongation was confounded by multiple factors, including the use of concomitant medication and the lack of either a placebo or active control. A thorough QT trial in adults has not been performed.

    Other adverse events that occurred in the study included: vomiting (5 to 8%), post-procedural hemorrhage (3 to 5%), and dehydration (0 to 5%).

    Pediatric patients under 2 years of age have not been studied.

    8.5 Geriatric Use

    During chemotherapy clinical trials, 713 patients 65 years of age or older received granisetron hydrochloride injection.  The safety and effectiveness were similar in patients of various ages.

    During postoperative nausea and vomiting clinical trials, 168 patients 65 years of age or older, of which 47 were 75 years of age or older, received granisetron hydrochloride injection.  Clinical studies of granisetron hydrochloride injection did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 years and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects.  Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients.

  • 10 OVERDOSAGE

    There is no specific antidote for granisetron hydrochloride injection overdosage.  In case of overdosage, symptomatic treatment should be given. Overdosage of up to 38.5 mg of granisetron hydrochloride injection has been reported without symptoms or only the occurrence of a slight headache.

  • 11 DESCRIPTION

    Granisetron Hydrochloride Injection, USP is a serotonin-3 (5-HT 3) receptor antagonist. Chemically it is endo-N-(9-methyl-9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] non-3-yl)-1-methyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride.  Its chemical structure is:

    structure                     

    Granisetron hydrochloride is a white to off-white solid that is readily soluble in water and normal saline at 20°C.  Granisetron hydrochloride injection, USP is a clear, colorless, sterile, nonpyrogenic, aqueous solution for intravenous administration.

    Granisetron hydrochloride injection, USP 1 mg per mL is available in 1 mL single dose and 4 mL multiple dose vials.  Granisetron hydrochloride injection, USP 0.1 mg per mL is available in a 1 mL single dose vial.

    1 mg per mL (preservative-free): Each 1 mL contains 1.12 mg granisetron hydrochloride equivalent to granisetron, 1 mg; sodium chloride, 9 mg; citric acid, monohydrate 0.67 mg (equivalent to 0.61 mg citric acid); sodium citrate dihydrate, 2.12 mg (equivalent to 1.86 mg sodium citrate); and Water for Injection, USP, q.s.  The solution’s pH ranges from 4.0 to 6.0.

    0.1 mg per mL (preservative-free): Each 1 mL contains 0.112 mg granisetron hydrochloride equivalent to granisetron, 0.1 mg; sodium chloride, 9 mg; citric acid, monohydrate 0.67 mg (equivalent to 0.61 mg citric acid); sodium citrate dihydrate, 2.12 mg (equivalent to 1.86 mg sodium citrate); and Water for Injection, USP, q.s.  The solution’s pH ranges from 4.0 to 6.0.

    1 mg per mL (preserved): Each 1 mL contains 1.12 mg granisetron hydrochloride equivalent to granisetron, 1 mg; sodium chloride, 9 mg; citric acid, monohydrate 0.67 mg (equivalent to 0.61 mg citric acid); sodium citrate dihydrate, 2.12 mg (equivalent to 1.86 mg sodium citrate); phenol, 5 mg, as a preservative and Water for Injection, USP, q.s.  The solution’s pH ranges from 4.0 to 6.0.

  • 12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

    12.1 Mechanism of Action

    Granisetron is a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (5-HT 3) receptor antagonist with little or no affinity for other serotonin receptors, including 5-HT 1; 5-HT 1A; 5-HT 1B/C; 5-HT 2; for alpha 1-, alpha 2- or beta-adrenoreceptors; for dopamine-D 2; or for histamine-H 1; benzodiazepine; picrotoxin or opioid receptors.

    Serotonin receptors of the 5-HT 3 type are located peripherally on vagal nerve terminals and centrally in the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the area postrema.  During chemotherapy-induced vomiting, mucosal enterochromaffin cells release serotonin, which stimulates 5-HT 3 receptors.  This evokes vagal afferent discharge and may induce vomiting.  Animal studies demonstrate that, in binding to 5-HT 3 receptors, granisetron blocks serotonin stimulation and subsequent vomiting after emetogenic stimuli such as cisplatin.  In the ferret animal model, a single granisetron injection prevented vomiting due to high-dose cisplatin or arrested vomiting within 5 to 30 seconds.

    In most human studies, granisetron has had little effect on blood pressure, heart rate or ECG.  No evidence of an effect on plasma prolactin or aldosterone concentrations has been found in other studies.

    Granisetron hydrochloride injection exhibited no effect on oro-cecal transit time in normal volunteers given a single intravenous infusion of 50 mcg/kg or 200 mcg/kg.  Single and multiple oral doses slowed colonic transit in normal volunteers.


    12.3 Pharmacokinetics


    Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting

    In adult cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and in volunteers, mean pharmacokinetic data obtained from an infusion of a single 40 mcg/kg dose of granisetron hydrochloride injection are shown in Table 3.

    Table 3: Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Adult Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy and in Volunteers, Following a Single Intravenous 40 mcg/kg Dose of Granisetron Hydrochloride Injection

    Peak Plasma
    Concentration
    (ng/mL)
    		Terminal Phase
    Plasma Half-Life
    (h)
    		Total
    Clearance
    (L/h/kg)
    		Volume of
    Distribution
    (L/kg)
    Cancer Patients   
       Mean
    		63.8 *
    		8.95 *
    		0.38 *
    		3.07 *
       Range
    		18 to 176
    		0.9 to 31.1
    		0.14 to 1.54
    		0.85 to 10.4
    Volunteers
       21 to 42 years
       Mean
    		64.3 †
    		4.91 †
    		0.79 †
    		3.04 †
       Range
    		11.2 to 182
    		0.88 to 15.2
    		0.2 to 2.56
    		1.68 to 6.13
       65 to 81 years
       Mean
    		57 †
    		7.69 †
    		0.44 †
    		3.97 †
       Range
    		14.6 to 153
    		2.65 to 17.7
    		0.17 to 1.06
    		1.75 to 7.01

    *5-minute infusion.

    †3-minute infusion.

     

    Distribution

    Plasma protein binding is approximately 65% and granisetron distributes freely between plasma and red blood cells.  

    Metabolism

    Granisetron metabolism involves N-demethylation and aromatic ring oxidation followed by conjugation.   In vitro liver microsomal studies show that granisetron’s major route of metabolism is inhibited by ketoconazole, suggestive of metabolism mediated by the cytochrome P-450 3A subfamily.  Animal studies suggest that some of the metabolites may also have 5-HT 3  receptor antagonist activity.

    Elimination

    Clearance is predominantly by hepatic metabolism.  In normal volunteers, approximately 12% of the administered dose is eliminated unchanged in the urine in 48 hours.  The remainder of the dose is excreted as metabolites, 49% in the urine, and 34% in the feces.

    Subpopulations

    Gender

    There was high inter- and intra-subject variability noted in these studies.  No difference in mean AUC was found between males and females, although males had a higher C max  generally.

    Elderly

    The ranges of the pharmacokinetic parameters in elderly volunteers (mean age 71 years), given a single 40 mcg/kg intravenous dose of granisetron hydrochloride injection, were generally similar to those in younger healthy volunteers; mean values were lower for clearance and longer for half-life in the elderly patients (see Table 3).

    Pediatric Patients

    A pharmacokinetic study in pediatric cancer patients (2 to 16 years of age), given a single 40 mcg/kg intravenous dose of granisetron hydrochloride injection, showed that volume

    of distribution and total clearance increased with age.  No relationship with age was observed for peak plasma concentration or terminal phase plasma half-life.  When volume of distribution and total clearance are adjusted for body weight, the pharmacokinetics of granisetron are similar in pediatric and adult cancer patients.

    Renal Failure Patients

    Total clearance of granisetron was not affected in patients with severe renal failure who received a single 40 mcg/kg intravenous dose of granisetron hydrochloride injection.

    Hepatically Impaired Patients

    A pharmacokinetic study in patients with hepatic impairment due to neoplastic liver involvement showed that total clearance was approximately halved compared to patients without hepatic impairment.  Given the wide variability in pharmacokinetic parameters noted in patients, dosage adjustment in patients with hepatic functional impairment is not necessary.

    Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

    In adult patients (age range, 18 to 64 years) recovering from elective surgery and receiving general balanced anesthesia, mean pharmacokinetic data obtained from a single 1 mg dose of granisetron hydrochloride injection administered intravenously over 30 seconds are shown in Table 4.

     

    Table 4: Pharmacokinetic Parameters in 16 Adult Surgical Patients Following a Single Intravenous 1 mg Dose of Granisetron Hydrochloride Injection


     
    		Terminal Phase Plasma Half-Life (h)
    		Total Clearance (L/h/kg)
    		Volume of Distribution (L/kg)
    Mean
    Range
    		8.63
    1.77 to 17.73
    		0.28
    0.07 to 0.71
    		2.42
    0.71 to 4.13

    The pharmacokinetics of granisetron in patients undergoing surgery were similar to those seen in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

  • 13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

    13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

    In a 24-month carcinogenicity study, rats were treated orally with granisetron 1, 5 or 50 mg/kg/day (6, 30 or 300 mg/m 2/day).  The 50 mg/kg/day dose was reduced to 25 mg/kg/day (150 mg/m 2/day) during week 59 due to toxicity.  For a 50 kg person of average height (1.46 m 2 body surface area), these doses represent 16, 81 and 405 times the recommended clinical dose (0.37 mg/m 2, IV) on a body surface area basis.  There was a statistically significant increase in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinomas and adenomas in males treated with 5 mg/kg/day (30 mg/m 2/day, 81 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area) and above, and in females treated with 25 mg/kg/day (150 mg/m 2/day, 405 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area).  No increase in liver tumors was observed at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day (6 mg/m 2/day, 16 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area) in males and 5 mg/kg/day (30 mg/m 2/day, 81 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area) in females.  In a 12-month oral toxicity study, treatment with granisetron 100 mg/kg/day (600 mg/m 2/day, 1,622 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area) produced hepatocellular adenomas in male and female rats while no such tumors were found in the control rats.  A 24-month mouse carcinogenicity study of granisetron did not show a statistically significant increase in tumor incidence, but the study was not conclusive.

    Because of the tumor findings in rat studies, granisetron hydrochloride injection should be prescribed only at the dose and for the indication recommended [see Indications and Usage (1) and Dosage and Administration (2)] .

    Granisetron was not mutagenic in an in vitro Ames test and mouse lymphoma cell forward mutation assay, and in vivo mouse micronucleus test and in vitro and ex vivo rat hepatocyte UDS assays.  It, however, produced a significant increase in UDS in HeLa cells in vitro and a significant increased incidence of cells with polyploidy in an in vitro human lymphocyte chromosomal aberration test.

    Granisetron at subcutaneous doses up to 6 mg/kg/day (36 mg/m 2/day, 97 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area) was found to have no effect on fertility and reproductive performance of male and female rats.


  • 14 CLINICAL STUDIES

    14.1 Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting

    Single-Day Chemotherapy

    Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy

    In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 28 cancer patients, granisetron hydrochloride injection, administered as a single intravenous infusion of 40 mcg/kg, was significantly more effective than placebo in preventing nausea and vomiting induced by cisplatin chemotherapy (see Table 5).

     

    Table 5: Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting — Single-Day Cisplatin Therapy1

    Granisetron Hydrochloride Injection
    		Placebo
    		P-Value
    Number of Patients    
    		14
    		14
    Response Over 24 Hours    
    		 
    		 
       Complete Response 2
    		93%
    		7%
    		<0.001
       No Vomiting
    		93%
    		14%
    		<0.001
       No More Than Mild Nausea
    		93%
    		7%
    		<0.001

    1  Cisplatin administration began within 10 minutes of granisetron hydrochloride injection infusion and continued for 1.5 to 3 hours.  Mean cisplatin dose was 86 mg/m 2  in the granisetron hydrochloride injection group and 80 mg/m 2  in the placebo group.

    2   No vomiting and no moderate or severe nausea.

    Granisetron hydrochloride injection was also evaluated in a randomized dose response study of cancer patients receiving cisplatin ≥75 mg/m 2.  Additional chemotherapeutic agents included: anthracyclines, carboplatin, cytostatic antibiotics, folic acid derivatives, methylhydrazine, nitrogen mustard analogs, podophyllotoxin derivatives, pyrimidine analogs, and vinca alkaloids.  Granisetron hydrochloride injection doses of 10 and 40 mcg/kg were superior to 2 mcg/kg in preventing cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting, but 40 mcg/kg was not significantly superior to 10 mcg/kg (see Table 6).

     

    Table 6: Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting — Single-Day High-Dose Cisplatin Therapy1

    Granisetron Hydrochloride Injection
    (mcg/kg)
    		P-Value
    (vs. 2 mcg/kg)
    2
    		10
    		40
    		10
    		40
    Number of Patients 
    		52
    		52
    		53
    Response Over 24 Hours   
    		 
    		 
    		 
       Complete Response 2
    		31%
    		62%
    		68%
    		<0.002
    		<0.001
       No Vomiting
    		38%
    		65%
    		74%
    		<0.001
    		<0.001
       No More Than Mild Nausea
    		58%
    		75%
    		79%
    		NS
    		0.007

    1Cisplatin administration began within 10 minutes of granisetron hydrochloride injection infusion and continued for 2.6 hours (mean).  Mean cisplatin doses were 96 to 99 mg/m 2.

    2  No vomiting and no moderate or severe nausea.

    Granisetron hydrochloride injection was also evaluated in a double-blind, randomized dose response study of 353 patients stratified for high (≥80 to 120 mg/m 2) or low (50 to 79 mg/m 2) cisplatin dose.  Response rates of patients for both cisplatin strata are given in Table 7.

     

    Table 7: Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting — Single-Day High-Dose and Low-Dose Cisplatin Therapy1

    Granisetron Hydrochloride Injection
    (mcg/kg)
    		P-Value
    (vs. 5 mcg/kg)
    5
    		10
    		20
    		40
    		10
    		20
    		40
    High-Dose Cisplatin
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
    Number of Patients
    		40
    		49
    		48
    		47
    		 
    		 
    		 
    Response Over 24 Hours
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
       Complete Response 2
    		18%
    		41%
    		40%
    		47%
    		0.018
    		0.025
    		0.004
       No Vomiting
    		28%
    		47%
    		44%
    		53%
    		NS
    		NS
    		0.016
       No Nausea
    		15%
    		35%
    		38%
    		43%
    		0.036
    		0.019
    		0.005
    Low-Dose Cisplatin  
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
    Number of Patients
    		42
    		41
    		40
    		46
    		 
    		 
    		 
    Response Over 24 Hours
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
       Complete Response 2
    		29%
    		56%
    		58%
    		41%
    		0.012
    		0.009
    		NS
       No Vomiting
    		36%
    		63%
    		65%
    		43%
    		0.012
    		0.008
    		NS
       No Nausea
    		29%
    		56%
    		38%
    		33%
    		0.012
    		NS
    		NS

    1 Cisplatin administration began within 10 minutes of granisetron hydrochloride injection infusion and continued for 2 hours (mean).  Mean cisplatin doses were 64 and 98 mg/m 2  for low and high strata.

      2 No vomiting and no use of rescue antiemetic.

    For both the low and high cisplatin strata, the 10, 20, and 40 mcg/kg doses were more effective than the 5 mcg/kg dose in preventing nausea and vomiting within 24 hours of chemotherapy administration.  The 10 mcg/kg dose was at least as effective as the higher doses.

    Moderately Emetogenic Chemotherapy

    Granisetron hydrochloride injection, 40 mcg/kg, was compared with the combination of chlorpromazine (50 to 200 mg/24 hours) and dexamethasone (12 mg) in patients treated with moderately emetogenic chemotherapy, including primarily carboplatin >300 mg/m 2, cisplatin 20 to 50 mg/m 2  and cyclophosphamide >600 mg/m 2.  Granisetron hydrochloride injection was superior to the chlorpromazine regimen in preventing nausea and vomiting (see Table 8).

    Table 8: Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting—Single-Day  Moderately Emetogenic Chemotherapy

    Granisetron Hydrochloride Injection
    		Chlorpromazine1
    		P-Value
    Number of Patients   
    		133
    		133
    Response Over 24 Hours    
    		 
    		 
       Complete Response 2
    		68%
    		47%
    		<0.001
       No Vomiting
    		73%
    		53%
    		<0.001
       No More Than Mild Nausea
    		77%
    		59%
    		<0.001

     1  Patients also received dexamethasone, 12 mg.

      2  No vomiting and no moderate or severe nausea.

    In other studies of moderately emetogenic chemotherapy, no significant difference in efficacy was found between granisetron hydrochloride doses of 40 mcg/kg and 160 mcg/kg.  

    Repeat-Cycle Chemotherapy

    In an uncontrolled trial, 512 cancer patients received granisetron hydrochloride injection, 40 mcg/kg, prophylactically, for two cycles of chemotherapy, 224 patients received it for at least four cycles, and 108 patients received it for at least six cycles.  Granisetron hydrochloride injection efficacy remained relatively constant over the first six repeat cycles, with complete response rates (no vomiting and no moderate or severe nausea in 24 hours) of 60% to 69%.  No patients were studied for more than 15 cycles.

     

    Pediatric Studies

    A randomized double-blind study evaluated the 24-hour response of 80 pediatric cancer patients (age 2 to 16 years) to granisetron hydrochloride injection 10, 20 or 40 mcg/kg. Patients were treated with cisplatin ≥60 mg/m 2, cytarabine ≥3 g/m 2, cyclophosphamide ≥ 1 g/m 2  or nitrogen mustard ≥6 mg/m 2  (see Table 9).

    Table 9: Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Pediatric Patients

    Granisetron Hydrochloride Injection Dose (mcg/kg)
    10
    		20
    		40
    Number of Patients
    		29
    		26
    		25
    Median Number of Vomiting Episodes
    		2
    		3
    		1
    Complete Response Over 24 Hours 1
    		21%
    		31%
    		32%

     1  No vomiting and no moderate or severe nausea.

    A second pediatric study compared granisetron hydrochloride injection 20 mcg/kg to chlorpromazine plus dexamethasone in 88 patients treated with ifosfamide ≥3 g/m 2/day for two or three days.  Granisetron hydrochloride injection was administered on each day of ifosfamide treatment.  At 24 hours, 22% of granisetron hydrochloride injection patients achieved complete response (no vomiting and no moderate or severe nausea in 24 hours) compared with 10% on the chlorpromazine regimen.  The median number of vomiting episodes with granisetron hydrochloride injection was 1.5; with chlorpromazine it was 7.

    14.2 Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

    Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

    The efficacy of granisetron hydrochloride injection for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting was evaluated in 868 patients, of which 833 were women, 35 men, 484 Caucasians, 348 Asians, 18 Blacks, 18 Other, with 61 patients 65 years or older.  Granisetron hydrochloride injection was evaluated in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in patients who underwent elective gynecological surgery or cholecystectomy and received general anesthesia.  Patients received a single intravenous dose of granisetron hydrochloride injection (0.1 mg, 1 mg or 3 mg) or placebo either 5 minutes before induction of anesthesia or immediately before reversal of anesthesia.  The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with no vomiting for 24 hours after surgery.  Episodes of nausea and vomiting and use of rescue antiemetic therapy were recorded for 24 hours after surgery.  In both studies, granisetron hydrochloride injection (1 mg) was more effective than placebo in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (see Table 10).  No additional benefit was seen in patients who received the 3 mg dose.

    Table 10: Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Adult Patients

    Study and Efficacy Endpoint
    		Placebo
    		Granisetron Hydrochloride Injection
    0.1 mg
    		Granisetron Hydrochloride Injection
    1 mg
    		Granisetron Hydrochloride Injection
    3 mg
    Study 1
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
    Number of Patients
     
    		133
     
    		132
     
    		134
     
    		128
     
    No Vomiting
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
    0 to 24 hours
    		34%
     
    		45%
     
    		63%**
     
    		62%**
     
    No Nausea
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
    0 to 24 hours
    		22%
     
    		28%
     
    		50%**
     
    		42%**
     
    No Nausea or Vomiting
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
    0 to 24 hours
    		18%
     
    		27%
     
    		49%**
     
    		42%**
     
    No Use of Rescue Antiemetic
    Therapy
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
       0 to 24 hours
    		60%
    		67%
    		75%*
    		77%*
    Study 2
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
    Number of Patients
    		117
    		–
     
    		110
     
    		114
     
    No Vomiting
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
    0 to 24 hours
    		56%
     
    		–
     
    		77%**
     
    		75%*
     
    No Nausea
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
       0 to 24 hours
    		37%
    		–
    		59%**
    		56%*

    *P<0.05

    **P<0.001 versus placebo

    Note: No Vomiting = no vomiting and no use of rescue antiemetic therapy; No Nausea = no nausea and no use of rescue antiemetic therapy

    Gender/Race

    There were too few male and Black patients to adequately assess differences in effect in either population.

    Treatment of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

    The efficacy of granisetron hydrochloride injection for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting was evaluated in 844 patients, of which 731 were women, 113 men, 777 Caucasians, 6 Asians, 41 Blacks, 20 Other, with 107 patients 65 years or older.  Granisetron hydrochloride injection was evaluated in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of adult surgical patients who received general anesthesia with no prophylactic antiemetic agent, and who experienced nausea or vomiting within 4 hours postoperatively. Patients received a single intravenous dose of granisetron hydrochloride injection (0.1 mg, 1 mg or 3 mg) or placebo after experiencing postoperative nausea or vomiting. Episodes of nausea and vomiting and use of rescue antiemetic therapy were recorded for 24 hours after administration of study medication. Granisetron hydrochloride injection was more effective than placebo in treating postoperative nausea and vomiting (see Table 11). No additional benefit was seen in patients who received the 3 mg dose.

     

    Table 11: Treatment of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Adult Patients

    Study and Efficacy Endpoint
    		Placebo
    		Granisetron Hydrochloride Injection
    0.1 mg
    		Granisetron Hydrochloride Injection
    1 mg
    		Granisetron Hydrochloride Injection
    3 mg
    Study 3   
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
    Number of Patients
    		133
    		128
     
    		133
     
    		125
     
    No Vomiting
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
       0 to 6 hours
    		26%
     
    		53%***
     
    		58%***
     
    		60%***
     
       0 to 24 hours
    		20%
     
    		38%***
     
    		46%***
     
    		49%***
     
    No Nausea
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
       0 to 6 hours
    		17%
     
    		40%***
     
    		41%***
     
    		42%***
     
       0 to 24 hours
    		13%
     
    		27%**
     
    		30%**
     
    		37%***
     
    No Use of Rescue Antiemetic
    Therapy
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
       0 to 6 hours
    		–
     
    		–
     
    		–
     
    		–
     
       0 to 24 hours
    		33%
    		51%**
    		61%***
    		61%***
    Study 4
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
    Number of Patients
    (All Patients)
    		162
     
    		163
     
    		–
     
    		–
     
    No Vomiting
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
       0 to 6 hours
    		20%
     
    		32%*
     
    		–
     
    		–
     
       0 to 24 hours
    		14%
     
    		23%*
     
    		–
     
    		–
     
    No Nausea
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
       0 to 6 hours
    		13%
     
    		18%
     
    		–
     
    		–
     
       0 to 24 hours
    		9%
     
    		14%
     
    		–
     
    		–
     
    No Nausea or Vomiting
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
       0 to 6 hours
    		13%
     
    		18%
     
    		–
     
    		–
     
       0 to 24 hours
    		9%
     
    		14%
     
    		–
     
    		–
     
    No Use of Rescue Antiemetic
    Therapy
    		 
    		 
    		 
    		 
       0 to 6 hours
    		–
     
    		–
     
    		–
     
    		–
     
       0 to 24 hours
    		24%
    		34%*
    		–
    		–
    Number of Patients
    (Treated for Vomiting) 1    
    		86
     
    		103
     
    		–
     
    		–
     
    No Vomiting
       0 to 6 hours
    		21%
    		27%
    		–
    		–
       0 to 24 hours
    		14%
    		20%
    		–
    		–

    *P<0.05

    **P<0.01

    ***P<0.001 versus placebo

    1 Protocol Specified Analysis: Patients who had vomiting prior to treatment

    Note: No vomiting = no vomiting and no use of rescue antiemetic therapy; No nausea = no nausea and no use of rescue antiemetic therapy

     

    Gender/Race

    There were too few male and Black patients to adequately assess differences in effect in either population.

  • 16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING

    Granisetron Hydrochloride Injection, USP, 0.1 mg per mL (free base), is supplied in 1 mL single dose vials.  CONTAINS NO PRESERVATIVE.

    Product
    No.
    		NDC
    No.
    		Strength
    		Vial size
    361701
    		63323-317-01
    		0.1 mg per mL
    		1 mL single dose vial,
    packaged in tens.

                           

    Granisetron Hydrochloride Injection, USP, 1 mg per mL (free base), is supplied in 1 mL single dose vials. CONTAINS NO PRESERVATIVE.

    Product
    No.
    		NDC
    No.
    		Strength
    		Vial size
    361801
    		63323-318-01
    		1 mg per mL
    		1 mL single dose vial,
    packaged individually.

    Granisetron Hydrochloride Injection, USP, 1 mg per mL (free base), is supplied in 4 mL multiple dose vials.  CONTAINS PRESERVATIVE.

    Product
    No.
    		NDC
    No.
    		Strength
    		Vial size
    361904
    		63323-319-04
    		4 mg per 4 mL
    (1 mg per mL)
    		4 mL multiple dose vial,
    packaged individually.

    Store single dose vials and multiple dose vials at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F)  [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].

    Protect from light.  Do not freeze.  Retain in carton until time of use.

    Once the multiple dose vial is penetrated, its contents should be used within 30 days.

    The container closure is not made with natural rubber latex.


  • 17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION

    Patients should be informed that the most common adverse reactions for the indication of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting are headache and constipation (see Table 1).

    Patients should be informed that the most common adverse reactions for the indication of postoperative nausea and vomiting are pain, headache, fever, abdominal pain and hepatic enzyme increased (see Table 2).

    Patients should be advised of the risk of allergic reactions if they have a prior allergic reaction to a class of antiemetics known as 5-HT 3  receptor antagonists.

    Electrocardiogram changes (QT prolongation) have been reported with the use of granisetron hydrochloride.  Patients should be cautioned about the use of this drug if they have heart problems or take medications for heart problems.

    17.1 Serotonin Syndrome

    • Advise patients of the possibility of serotonin syndrome with concomitant use of granisetron and another serotonergic agent such as medications to treat depression and migraines.  Advise patients to seek immediate medical attention if the following symptoms occur: changes in mental status, autonomic instability, neuromuscular symptoms with or without gastrointestinal symptoms.

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    Lake Zurich, IL 60047


    www.fresenius-kabi.us
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    Revised: February 2017

  • PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL

    PACKAGE LABEL - PRINCIPAL DISPLAY - Granisetron 1 mL Single-Use Vial Label 

    Granisetron Hydrochloride
    Injection, USP

    1 mg per mL

    For Intravenous use only

    1 mL Single Dose Vial

    Rx only

    Preservative Free

    vial


    PACKAGE LABEL - PRINCIPAL DISPLAY - Granisetron 1 mL Single- Use Vial Carton Panel 

    Granisetron Hydrochloride
    Injection, USP

    1 mg per mL*

    For Intravenous use only

    1 mL Single Dose Vial

    Rx only

    carton


    PACKAGE LABEL - PRINCIPAL DISPLAY - Granisetron 4 mL Multiple-Use Vial Label 

    Granisetron Hydrochloride
    Injection, USP

    4 mg per 4 mL*

    (1 mg per mL)

    For Intravenous use only

    Rx only

    4 mL Multiple Dose Vial


    vial


    PACKAGE LABEL - PRINCIPAL DISPLAY - Granisetron 4 mL Multiple-Use Vial Carton Panel
    Granisetron Hydrochloride
    Injection, USP

    4 mg per 4 mL*
    (1 mg per mL)

    For Intravenous use only

    4 mL Multiple Dose Vial

    Rx only

    carton

  • INGREDIENTS AND APPEARANCE
    GRANISETRON  
    granisetron hydrochloride injection, solution
    Product Information
    Product TypeHUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUGItem Code (Source)NDC: 63323-319
    Route of AdministrationINTRAVENOUS
    Active Ingredient/Active Moiety
    Ingredient NameBasis of StrengthStrength
    GRANISETRON HYDROCHLORIDE (UNII: 318F6L70J8) (GRANISETRON - UNII:WZG3J2MCOL) GRANISETRON1 mg  in 1 mL
    Inactive Ingredients
    Ingredient NameStrength
    SODIUM CHLORIDE (UNII: 451W47IQ8X) 9 mg  in 1 mL
    CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE (UNII: 2968PHW8QP) 0.67 mg  in 1 mL
    SODIUM CITRATE (UNII: 1Q73Q2JULR) 2.12 mg  in 1 mL
    PHENOL (UNII: 339NCG44TV) 5 mg  in 1 mL
    Packaging
    #Item CodePackage DescriptionMarketing Start DateMarketing End Date
    1NDC: 63323-319-041 in 1 BOX11/20/2009
    14 mL in 1 VIAL; Type 0: Not a Combination Product
    Marketing Information
    Marketing CategoryApplication Number or Monograph CitationMarketing Start DateMarketing End Date
    ANDAANDA07809011/20/2009
    GRANISETRON  
    granisetron hydrochloride injection, solution
    Product Information
    Product TypeHUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUGItem Code (Source)NDC: 63323-318
    Route of AdministrationINTRAVENOUS
    Active Ingredient/Active Moiety
    Ingredient NameBasis of StrengthStrength
    GRANISETRON HYDROCHLORIDE (UNII: 318F6L70J8) (GRANISETRON - UNII:WZG3J2MCOL) GRANISETRON1 mg  in 1 mL
    Inactive Ingredients
    Ingredient NameStrength
    SODIUM CHLORIDE (UNII: 451W47IQ8X) 9 mg  in 1 mL
    SODIUM CITRATE (UNII: 1Q73Q2JULR) 2.12 mg  in 1 mL
    CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE (UNII: 2968PHW8QP) 0.67 mg  in 1 mL
    Packaging
    #Item CodePackage DescriptionMarketing Start DateMarketing End Date
    1NDC: 63323-318-011 in 1 BOX11/20/2009
    11 mL in 1 VIAL, SINGLE-USE; Type 0: Not a Combination Product
    Marketing Information
    Marketing CategoryApplication Number or Monograph CitationMarketing Start DateMarketing End Date
    ANDAANDA07809611/20/2009
    GRANISETRON  
    granisetron hydrochloride injection, solution
    Product Information
    Product TypeHUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUGItem Code (Source)NDC: 63323-317
    Route of AdministrationINTRAVENOUS
    Active Ingredient/Active Moiety
    Ingredient NameBasis of StrengthStrength
    GRANISETRON HYDROCHLORIDE (UNII: 318F6L70J8) (GRANISETRON - UNII:WZG3J2MCOL) GRANISETRON0.1 mg  in 1 mL
    Inactive Ingredients
    Ingredient NameStrength
    SODIUM CHLORIDE (UNII: 451W47IQ8X) 9 mg  in 1 mL
    CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE (UNII: 2968PHW8QP) 0.67 mg  in 1 mL
    SODIUM CITRATE (UNII: 1Q73Q2JULR) 2.12 mg  in 1 mL
    Packaging
    #Item CodePackage DescriptionMarketing Start DateMarketing End Date
    1NDC: 63323-317-0110 in 1 TRAY11/20/200905/31/2016
    11 mL in 1 VIAL, SINGLE-USE; Type 0: Not a Combination Product
    Marketing Information
    Marketing CategoryApplication Number or Monograph CitationMarketing Start DateMarketing End Date
    ANDAANDA07852211/20/200905/31/2016
    Labeler - Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC (608775388)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC840771732manufacture(63323-318, 63323-319)
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