Kristalose

KRISTALOSE (lactulose) is a synthetic disaccharide in the form of crystals for reconstitution prior to use for oral administration Each 10 g of lactulose contains less than 0.3 g galactose and lactose as a total sum. The pH range is 3.0 to 7.0.

Lactulose is a colonic acidifier which promotes laxation.

The chemical name for lactulose is 4-O-β-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-fructofuranose. It has the following structural formula:

The molecular formula is C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁. The molecular weight is 342.30. It is freely soluble in water.

KRISTALOSE^® (LACTULOSE) is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and no enzyme capable of hydrolysis of this disaccharide is present in human gastrointestinal tissue. As a result, oral doses of lactulose reach the colon virtually unchanged. In the colon, lactulose is broken down primarily to lactic acid, and also to small amounts of formic and acetic acids, by the action of colonic bacteria, which results in an increase in osmotic pressure and slight acidification of the colonic contents. This in turn causes an increase in stool water content and softens the stool.

Since lactulose does not exert its effect until it reaches the colon, and since transit time through the colon may be slow, 24 to 48 hours may be required to produce desired bowel movement.

Lactulose given orally to man and experimental animals resulted in only small amounts reaching the blood. Urinary excretion has been determined to be 3% or less and is essentially complete within 24 hours.

KRISTALOSE^® (LACTULOSE) For Oral Solution is indicated for the treatment of constipation. In patients with a history of chronic constipation, lactulose therapy increases the number of bowel movements per day and the number of days on which bowel movements occur.

Since KRISTALOSE^® (LACTULOSE) For Oral Solution contains galactose (less than 0.3 g/10 g as a total sum with lactose), it is contraindicated in patients who require a low galactose diet.

A theoretical hazard may exist for patients being treated with lactulose who may be required to undergo electrocautery procedures during proctoscopy or colonoscopy. Accumulation of H₂ gas in significant concentration in the presence of an electrical spark may result in an explosive reaction. Although this complication has not been reported with lactulose, patients on lactulose therapy undergoing such procedures should have a thorough bowel cleansing with a non-fermentable solution. Insufflation of CO₂ as an additional safeguard may be pursued but is considered to be a redundant measure.

Precise frequency data are not available.

Initial dosing may produce flatulence and intestinal cramps, which are usually transient. Excessive dosage can lead to diarrhea with potential complications such as loss of fluids, hypokalemia, and hypernatremia.

Nausea and vomiting have been reported.

The usual adult dosage is 10 g to 20 g of lactulose daily. The dose may be increased to 40 g daily if necessary. Twenty-four to 48 hours may be required to produce a normal bowel movement.

Dissolve contents of packet in half a glass (4 ounces) of water.

When Lactulose For Oral Solution is dissolved in water, the resulting solution may be colorless to a slightly pale yellow color.

KRISTALOSE^® (LACTULOSE) For Oral Solution is available in single dose packets of 10 g (NDC 66220-719-01) and single dose packets of 20 g (NDC 66220-729-01). The packets are supplied as follows:

• NDC 66220-719-30
• (Carton of thirty 10 g packets)
• NDC 66220-729-30
• (Carton of thirty 20 g packets)

STORE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE, 15°-30°C (59°-86°F).

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Cumberland Pharmaceuticals Inc. at 1-877-484-2700 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.

Manufactured for:
CUMBERLAND
PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
Nashville, TN 37203
KRISTALOSE is a registered trademark of Cumberland Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Issued: July 2018

Principal Display panel – 10 Grams Carton Label

NDC 66220-719-30

Kristalose^® ( lactulose )
For Oral Solution

10 Grams
30 Single Dose Packets

CUMBERLAND^®

PHARMACEUTICALS

Rx only

Principal Display Panel – 10 Grams Pouch Label

NDC 66220-719-01
Kristalose ^® ( lactulose )
For Oral Solution

CUMBERLAND^®

PHARMACEUTICALS

10 Grams
Single Dose Packet

Rx only

CONTENTS: Each packet contains 10 grams lactulose (and less than 0.3 g galactose and lactose as a total sum).

This unit dose packet is not child resistant.

INDICATIONS: For the treatment of constipation. See accompanying package insert.

USUAL ADULT DOSAGE: 10 to 20 grams daily. See accompanying package insert.

Since lactulose does not exert its effect until it reaches the colon, and since transit time through the colon may be slow, 24-48 hours may be required to produce a normal bowl movement.

DIRECTIONS FOR PREPARATION: Dissolve contents of packet in half a glass (4 ounces) of water.

Store at room temperature, 15°-30°C (59°-86°F).

Manufactured for:
Cumberland Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Nashville, TN, USA, 37203

Principal Display panel – 20 Grams Carton Label

NDC 66220-729-30

Kristalose^® ( lactulose )
For Oral Solution

20 Grams
30 Single Dose Packets

CUMBERLAND^®

PHARMACEUTICALS

Rx only

Principal Display Panel – 20 Grams Pouch Label

NDC 66220-729-01
Kristalose ^® ( lactulose )
For Oral Solution

CUMBERLAND^®

PHARMACEUTICALS

20 Grams
Single Dose Packet

Rx only

CONTENTS: Each packet contains 20 grams lactulose (and less than 0.6 g galactose and lactose as a total sum).

This unit dose packet is not child resistant.

INDICATIONS: For the treatment of constipation. See accompanying package insert.

USUAL ADULT DOSAGE: 10 to 20 grams daily. See accompanying package insert.

Since lactulose does not exert its effect until it reaches the colon, and since transit time through the colon may be slow, 24-48 hours may be required to produce a normal bowl movement.

DIRECTIONS FOR PREPARATION: Dissolve contents of packet in half a glass (4 ounces) of water.

Store at room temperature, 15°-30°C (59°-86°F).

Manufactured for:
Cumberland Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Nashville, TN, USA, 37203