MOXIFLOXACIN solution/ drops

Moxifloxacin by

Drug Labeling and Warnings

Moxifloxacin by is a Prescription medication manufactured, distributed, or labeled by A-S Medication Solutions. Drug facts, warnings, and ingredients follow.

Drug Details [pdf]

  • 1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

    Moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution is indicated for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis caused by susceptible strains of the following organisms:

    Corynebacterium species*
    Micrococcus luteus*
    Staphylococcus aureus
    Staphylococcus epidermidis
    Staphylococcus haemolyticus
    Staphylococcus hominis
    Staphylococcus warneri*
    Streptococcus pneumoniae
    Streptococcus viridans group
    Acinetobacter lwoffii*
    Haemophilus influenza
    Haemophilus parainfluenzae*
    Chlamydia trachomatis

    *Efficacy for this organism was studied in fewer than 10 infections.

  • 2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

    Instill one drop in the affected eye(s) 3 times a day for 7 days.

  • 3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

    5 mL bottle filled with 3 mL sterile ophthalmic solution of moxifloxacin 0.5%.

  • 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

    Moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to moxifloxacin, to other quinolones, or to any of the components in this medication.

  • 5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

    5.1 Topical Ophthalmic Use Only

    NOT FOR INJECTION. Moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution is for topical ophthalmic use only and should not be injected subconjunctivally or introduced directly into the anterior chamber of the eye.

    5.2 Hypersensitivity Reactions

    In patients receiving systemically administered quinolones, including moxifloxacin, serious and occasionally fatal hypersensitivity (anaphylactic) reactions have been reported, some following the first dose. Some reactions were accompanied by cardiovascular collapse, loss of consciousness, angioedema (including laryngeal, pharyngeal or facial edema), airway obstruction, dyspnea, urticaria, and itching. If an allergic reaction to moxifloxacin occurs, discontinue use of the drug. Serious acute hypersensitivity reactions may require immediate emergency treatment. Oxygen and airway management should be administered as clinically indicated.

    5.3 Growth of Resistant Organisms with Prolonged Use

    As with other anti-infectives, prolonged use may result in overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms, including fungi. If superinfection occurs, discontinue use and institute alternative therapy. Whenever clinical judgment dictates, the patient should be examined with the aid of magnification, such as slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and, where appropriate, fluorescein staining.

    5.4 Avoidance of Contact Lens Wear

    Patients should be advised not to wear contact lenses if they have signs or symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis.

  • 6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

    Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to the rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

    The most frequently reported ocular adverse events were conjunctivitis, decreased visual acuity, dry eye, keratitis, ocular discomfort, ocular hyperemia, ocular pain, ocular pruritus, subconjunctival hemorrhage, and tearing. These events occurred in approximately 1-6% of patients.

    Nonocular adverse events reported at a rate of 1-4% were fever, increased cough, infection, otitis media, pharyngitis, rash, and rhinitis.

  • 7 DRUG INTERACTIONS

    Drug-drug interaction studies have not been conducted with moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution. In vitro studies indicate that moxifloxacin does not inhibit CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, or CYP1A2, indicating that moxifloxacin is unlikely to alter the pharmacokinetics of drugs metabolized by these cytochrome P450 isozymes.

  • 8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

    8.1 Pregnancy

    Pregnancy Category C.
    Teratogenic Effects: Moxifloxacin was not teratogenic when administered to pregnant rats during organogenesis at oral doses as high as 500 mg/kg/day (approximately 21,700 times the highest recommended total daily human ophthalmic dose); however, decreased fetal body weights and slightly delayed fetal skeletal development were observed. There was no evidence of teratogenicity when pregnant Cynomolgus monkeys were given oral doses as high as 100 mg/kg/day (approximately 4,300 times the highest recommended total daily human ophthalmic dose). An increased incidence of smaller fetuses was observed at 100 mg/kg/day.

    Since there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women, moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

    8.3 Nursing Mothers

    Moxifloxacin has not been measured in human milk, although it can be presumed to be excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution is administered to a nursing mother.

    8.4 Pediatric Use

    The safety and effectiveness of moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution 0.5% have been established in all ages. Use of moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution is supported by evidence from adequate and well controlled studies of moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution in adults, children, and neonates [see Clinical Studies (14)].

    There is no evidence that the ophthalmic administration of moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution has any effect on weight bearing joints, even though oral administration of some quinolones has been shown to cause arthropathy in immature animals.

    8.5 Geriatric Use

    No overall differences in safety and effectiveness have been observed between elderly and younger patients.

  • 11 DESCRIPTION

    Moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution, USP 0.5% is a sterile solution for topical ophthalmic use. Moxifloxacin hydrochloride is an 8-methoxy fluoroquinolone anti-infective, with a diazabicyclononyl ring at the C7 position.

    chemical

    Chemical Name:
    1-Cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-8-methoxy-7-[(4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolol[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]-4-oxo-3-quinoline carboxylic acid, monohydrochloride monohydrate.

    Moxifloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate is a light yellow or yellow powder or crystals. Each mL of moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution, USP contains 5.45 mg moxifloxacin hydrochloride, equivalent to 5 mg moxifloxacin base.

    Contains: Active: Moxifloxacin 0.5% (5 mg/mL); Inactives: Boric acid, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide and water for injection. May also contain hydrochloric acid and/or additional sodium hydroxide to adjust pH to approximately 6.8.

    Moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution, USP is an isotonic solution with an osmolality of approximately 290 mOsm/kg.

  • 12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

    12.1 Mechanism of Action

    Moxifloxacin is a member of the fluoroquinolone class of anti-infective drugs [see Microbiology (12.4)].

    12.3 Pharmacokinetics

    Plasma concentrations of moxifloxacin were measured in healthy adult male and female subjects who received bilateral topical ocular doses of moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution 3 times a day. The mean steady-state Cmax (2.7 ng/mL) and estimated daily exposure AUC (45 nghr/mL) values were 1,600 and 1,000 times lower than the mean Cmax and AUC reported after therapeutic 400 mg doses of moxifloxacin. The plasma half-life of moxifloxacin was estimated to be 13 hours.

    12.4 Microbiology

    The antibacterial action of moxifloxacin results from inhibition of the topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV. DNA gyrase is an essential enzyme that is involved in the replication, transcription and repair of bacterial DNA. Topoisomerase IV is an enzyme known to play a key role in the partitioning of the chromosomal DNA during bacterial cell division.

    The mechanism of action for quinolones, including moxifloxacin, is different from that of macrolides, aminoglycosides, or tetracyclines. Therefore, moxifloxacin may be active against pathogens that are resistant to these antibiotics and these antibiotics may be active against pathogens that are resistant to moxifloxacin. There is no cross-resistance between moxifloxacin and the aforementioned classes of antibiotics. Cross resistance has been observed between systemic moxifloxacin and some other quinolones.

    In vitro resistance to moxifloxacin develops via multiple-step mutations. Resistance to moxifloxacin occurs in vitro at a general frequency of between 1.8 x 10-9 to < 1 x 10-11 for Gram-positive bacteria.

    Moxifloxacin has been shown to be active against most strains of the following microorganisms, both in vitro and in clinical infections as described in the INDICATIONS AND USAGE section:

    Aerobic Gram-positive microorganisms:
    Corynebacterium species*
    Micrococcus luteus*
    Staphylococcus aureus
    Staphylococcus epidermidis
    Staphylococcus haemolyticus
    Staphylococcus hominis
    Staphylococcus warneri*
    Streptococcus pneumoniae
    Streptococcus viridans group

    Aerobic Gram-negative microorganisms:
    Acinetobacter lwoffii*
    Haemophilus influenza
    Haemophilus parainfluenzae*

    Other microorganisms:
    Chlamydia trachomatis

    *Efficacy for this organism was studied in fewer than 10 infections.

    The following in vitro data are also available, but their clinical significance in ophthalmic infections is unknown. The safety and effectiveness of moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution in treating ophthalmological infections due to these microorganisms have not been established in adequate and well-controlled trials.

    The following organisms are considered susceptible when evaluated using systemic breakpoints. However, a correlation between the in vitro systemic breakpoint and ophthalmological efficacy has not been established. The list of organisms is provided as guidance only in assessing the potential treatment of conjunctival infections. Moxifloxacin exhibits in vitro minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 2 μg/ml or less (systemic susceptible breakpoint) against most (≥ 90%) strains of the following ocular pathogens.

    Aerobic Gram-positive microorganisms:
    Listeria monocytogenes
    Staphylococcus saprophyticus
    Streptococcus agalactiae
    Streptococcus mitis
    Streptococcus pyogenes
    Streptococcus Group C, G and F

    Aerobic Gram-negative microorganisms:
    Acinetobacter baumannii
    Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
    Citrobacter freundii
    Citrobacter koseri
    Enterobacter aerogenes
    Enterobacter cloacae
    Escherichia coli
    Klebsiella oxytoca
    Klebsiella pneumoniae
    Moraxella catarrhalis
    Morganella morganii
    Neisseria gonorrhoeae
    Proteus mirabilis
    Proteus vulgaris
    Pseudomonas stutzeri

    Anaerobic microorganisms:
    Clostridium perfringens
    Fusobacterium species
    Prevotella species
    Propionibacterium acnes

    Other microorganisms:
    Chlamydia pneumoniae
    Legionella pneumophila
    Mycobacterium avium
    Mycobacterium marinum
    Mycoplasma pneumoniae

  • 13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

    13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

    Long-term studies in animals to determine the carcinogenic potential of moxifloxacin have not been performed. However, in an accelerated study with initiators and promoters, moxifloxacin was not carcinogenic in rats following up to 38 weeks of oral dosing at 500 mg/kg/day (approximately 21,700 times the highest recommended total daily human ophthalmic dose for a 50 kg person, on a mg/kg basis).

    Moxifloxacin was not mutagenic in four bacterial strains used in the Ames Salmonella reversion assay. As with other quinolones, the positive response observed with moxifloxacin in strain TA 102 using the same assay may be due to the inhibition of DNA gyrase. Moxifloxacin was not mutagenic in the CHO/HGPRT mammalian cell gene mutation assay. An equivocal result was obtained in the same assay when v79 cells were used. Moxifloxacin was clastogenic in the v79 chromosome aberration assay, but it did not induce unscheduled DNA synthesis in cultured rat hepatocytes. There was no evidence of genotoxicity in vivo in a micronucleus test or a dominant lethal test in mice.

    Moxifloxacin had no effect on fertility in male and female rats at oral doses as high as 500 mg/kg/day, approximately 21,700 times the highest recommended total daily human ophthalmic dose. At 500 mg/kg orally there were slight effects on sperm morphology (head-tail separation) in male rats and on the estrous cycle in female rats.

  • 14 CLINICAL STUDIES

    In two randomized, double-masked, multicenter, controlled clinical trials in which patients were dosed 3 times a day for 4 days, moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution produced clinical cures on day 5-6 in 66% to 69% of patients treated for bacterial conjunctivitis. Microbiological success rates for the eradication of baseline pathogens ranged from 84% to 94%.

    In a randomized, double-masked, multicenter, parallel-group clinical trial of pediatric patients with bacterial conjunctivitis between birth and 31 days of age, patients were dosed with moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution or another anti-infective agent. Clinical outcomes for the trial demonstrated a clinical cure rate of 80% at Day 9 and a microbiological eradication success rate of 92% at Day 9.

    Please note that microbiologic eradication does not always correlate with clinical outcome in anti-infective trials.

  • 16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING

    Product: 50090-3091

    NDC: 50090-3091-0 3 mL in a BOTTLE, DROPPER / 1 in a CARTON

  • 17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION

    Risk of Contamination: Advise patients not to touch the dropper tip to any surface to avoid contaminating the contents.

    Concomitant Use of Contact Lenses: Advise patients not to wear contact lenses if they have signs and symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis.

    Potential for Hypersensitivity Reactions: Systemically administered quinolones including moxifloxacin have been associated with hypersensitivity reactions, even following a single dose. Instruct patients to discontinue use immediately and contact their physician at the first sign of a rash or allergic reaction. [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].

    Rx Only

    Manufactured by:Manufactured for:
    Apotex Inc.Apotex Corp.
    Toronto, OntarioWeston, Florida
    Canada33326
    M9L 1T9
    262687March 2017
  • moxifloxacin

    Label Image
  • INGREDIENTS AND APPEARANCE
    MOXIFLOXACIN  
    moxifloxacin solution/ drops
    Product Information
    Product TypeHUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUGItem Code (Source)NDC: 50090-3091(NDC:60505-0582)
    Route of AdministrationOPHTHALMIC
    Active Ingredient/Active Moiety
    Ingredient NameBasis of StrengthStrength
    MOXIFLOXACIN HYDROCHLORIDE MONOHYDRATE (UNII: B8956S8609) (MOXIFLOXACIN - UNII:U188XYD42P) MOXIFLOXACIN HYDROCHLORIDE MONOHYDRATE5 mg  in 1 mL
    Inactive Ingredients
    Ingredient NameStrength
    boric acid (UNII: R57ZHV85D4)  
    water (UNII: 059QF0KO0R)  
    sodium hydroxide (UNII: 55X04QC32I)  
    hydrochloric acid (UNII: QTT17582CB)  
    sodium chloride (UNII: 451W47IQ8X)  
    Packaging
    #Item CodePackage DescriptionMarketing Start DateMarketing End Date
    1NDC: 50090-3091-01 in 1 CARTON07/11/2017
    13 mL in 1 BOTTLE, DROPPER; Type 0: Not a Combination Product
    Marketing Information
    Marketing CategoryApplication Number or Monograph CitationMarketing Start DateMarketing End Date
    ANDAANDA09008007/01/2017
    Labeler - A-S Medication Solutions (830016429)
    Establishment
    NameAddressID/FEIBusiness Operations
    A-S Medication Solutions830016429RELABEL(50090-3091)
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