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warnings and cautions
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS NeoProfen has not been assessed for neurodevelopmental outcome and growth NeoProfen may alter the usual signs of infection. NeoProfen can inhibit platelet aggregation, and has been shown to prolong bleeding time in normal adult subjects Ibuprofen has been shown to displace bilirubin from albumin binding-sites NeoProfen should be administered carefully to avoid extravascular injection or leakage 5.1 General There are no long-term evaluations of the infants treated with ibuprofen at durations greater than the 36 weeks post-conceptual age observation period. Ibuprofen's effects on neurodevelopmental outcome and growth as well as disease processes associated with prematurity (such as retinopathy of prematurity and chronic lung disease) have not been assessed. 5.2 Infection NeoProfen may alter the usual signs of infection. The physician must be continually on the alert and should use the drug with extra care in the presence of controlled infection and in infants at risk of infection. 5.3 Platelet Aggregation NeoProfen, like other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, can inhibit platelet aggregation. Preterm infants should be observed for signs of bleeding. Ibuprofen has been shown to prolong bleeding time (but within the normal range) in normal adult subjects. This effect may be exaggerated in patients with underlying hemostatic defects (see CONTRAINDICATIONS ). 5.4 Bilirubin Displacement Ibuprofen has been shown to displace bilirubin from albumin binding-sites; therefore, it should be used with caution in patients with elevated total bilirubin. 5.5 Administration NeoProfen should be administered carefully to avoid extravascular injection or leakage, as solution may be irritating to tissue.
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS Most common adverse reactions (≥10%) are sepsis, anemia, intraventricular bleeding, apnea, gastrointestinal disorders, impaired renal function, respiratory infection, skin lesions, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, respiratory failure. ( 6 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Lundbeck Inc. at 1-800-455-1141 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch . 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience The most frequently reported adverse events with NeoProfen were as shown in Table 1. Table 1. Adverse Events within 30 Days of Therapy in the Multicenter Study* % Incidence Adverse Event NeoProfen Placebo *Within 30 days of therapy, with an event rate greater on NeoProfen than on placebo, and greater than 2 events on NeoProfen. **A given subject may have experienced more than one specific event within these adverse event categories. Only the most severe grade of IVH counted for a given subject. Sepsis 43 37 Anemia 32 25 Total Bleeding** 32 29 Intraventricular Hemorrhage, Grades 1/2 15 13 Intraventricular Hemorrhage, Grades 3/4 15 10 Other Bleeding 6 13 Intraventricular Hemorrhage, All Grades 29 24 Apnea 28 26 Gastrointestinal Disorders 22 18 non-Necrotizing Enterocolitis Total Renal Events** 21 15 Renal Failure 1 3 Renal Insufficiency, Impairment 6 4 Urine Output Reduced 3 1 Blood Creatinine Increased 3 1 Blood Urea Increased with Hematuria 1 1 Blood Urea Increased 7 4 Respiratory Infection 19 13 Skin Lesion/Irritation 16 6 Hypoglycemia 12 6 Hypocalcemia 12 9 Respiratory Failure 10 4 Urinary Tract Infection 9 4 Adrenal Insufficiency 7 1 Hypernatremia 7 4 Edema 4 0 Atelectasis 4 1 6.2 Renal Function Compared to placebo, there was a small decrease in urinary output in the ibuprofen group on days 2-6 of life, with a compensatory increase in urine output on day 9. In other studies, adverse events classified as renal insufficiency including oliguria, elevated BUN, elevated creatinine, or renal failure were reported in ibuprofen treated infants. 6.3 Additional Adverse Events The adverse events reported in the multicenter study and of unknown association include tachycardia, cardiac failure, abdominal distension, gastroesophageal reflux, gastritis, ileus, inguinal hernia, injection site reactions, cholestasis, various infections, feeding problems, convulsions, jaundice, hypotension, and various laboratory abnormalities including neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and hyperglycemia. 6.4 Post-marketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified from spontaneous post-marketing reports or published literature: gastrointestinal perforation and necrotizing enterocolitis. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency, or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.