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warnings and cautions
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS • CABG-related bleeding: Risk increases in patients receiving Effient who undergo CABG ( 5.2 ). • Discontinuation of Effient: Premature discontinuation increases risk of stent thrombosis, MI, and death ( 5.3 ). • Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP): TTP has been reported with Effient ( 5.4 ). • Hypersensitivity: Hypersensitivity including angioedema has been reported with Effient including in patients with a history of hypersensitivity reaction to other thienopyridines ( 5.5 ). 5.1 General Risk of Bleeding Thienopyridines, including Effient, increase the risk of bleeding. With the dosing regimens used in TRITON-TIMI 38, TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction) Major (clinically overt bleeding associated with a fall in hemoglobin ≥5 g/dL, or intracranial hemorrhage) and TIMI Minor (overt bleeding associated with a fall in hemoglobin of ≥3 g/dL but <5 g/dL) bleeding events were more common on Effient than on clopidogrel [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 )] . The bleeding risk is highest initially, as shown in Figure 1 (events through 450 days; inset shows events through 7 days). Figure 1: Non-CABG-Related TIMI Major or Minor Bleeding Events. Suspect bleeding in any patient who is hypotensive and has recently undergone coronary angiography, PCI, CABG, or other surgical procedures even if the patient does not have overt signs of bleeding. Do not use Effient in patients with active bleeding, prior TIA or stroke [see Contraindications ( 4.1 , 4.2 )] . Other risk factors for bleeding are: • Age ≥75 years. Because of the risk of bleeding (including fatal bleeding) and uncertain effectiveness in patients ≥75 years of age, use of Effient is generally not recommended in these patients, except in high-risk situations (patients with diabetes or history of myocardial infarction) where its effect appears to be greater and its use may be considered [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 ), Use in Specific Populations ( 8.5 ), Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 ), and Clinical Trials ( 14 )] . • CABG or other surgical procedure [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] . • Body weight <60 kg. Consider a lower (5-mg) maintenance dose [see Dosage and Administration ( 2 ), Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 ), and Use in Specific Populations ( 8.6 )] . • Propensity to bleed (e.g., recent trauma, recent surgery, recent or recurrent gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, active peptic ulcer disease, severe hepatic impairment, or moderate to severe renal impairment) [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 ) and Use in Specific Populations ( 8.7 , 8.8 )] . • Medications that increase the risk of bleeding (e.g., oral anticoagulants, chronic use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs], and fibrinolytic agents). Aspirin and heparin were commonly used in TRITON-TIMI 38 [see Drug Interactions ( 7.1 , 7.2 . 7.3 ), and Clinical Studies ( 14 )] . Thienopyridines inhibit platelet aggregation for the lifetime of the platelet (7-10 days), so withholding a dose will not be useful in managing a bleeding event or the risk of bleeding associated with an invasive procedure. Because the half-life of prasugrel's active metabolite is short relative to the lifetime of the platelet, it may be possible to restore hemostasis by administering exogenous platelets; however, platelet transfusions within 6 hours of the loading dose or 4 hours of the maintenance dose may be less effective. Figure 1 5.2 Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery-Related Bleeding The risk of bleeding is increased in patients receiving Effient who undergo CABG. If possible, Effient should be discontinued at least 7 days prior to CABG. Of the 437 patients who underwent CABG during TRITON-TIMI 38, the rates of CABG-related TIMI Major or Minor bleeding were 14.1% in the Effient group and 4.5% in the clopidogrel group [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 )] . The higher risk for bleeding events in patients treated with Effient persisted up to 7 days from the most recent dose of study drug. For patients receiving a thienopyridine within 3 days prior to CABG, the frequencies of TIMI Major or Minor bleeding were 26.7% (12 of 45 patients) in the Effient group, compared with 5.0% (3 of 60 patients) in the clopidogrel group. For patients who received their last dose of thienopyridine within 4 to 7 days prior to CABG, the frequencies decreased to 11.3% (9 of 80 patients) in the prasugrel group and 3.4% (3 of 89 patients) in the clopidogrel group. Do not start Effient in patients likely to undergo urgent CABG. CABG-related bleeding may be treated with transfusion of blood products, including packed red blood cells and platelets; however, platelet transfusions within 6 hours of the loading dose or 4 hours of the maintenance dose may be less effective. 5.3 Discontinuation of Effient Discontinue thienopyridines, including Effient, for active bleeding, elective surgery, stroke, or TIA. The optimal duration of thienopyridine therapy is unknown. In patients who are managed with PCI and stent placement, premature discontinuation of any antiplatelet medication, including thienopyridines, conveys an increased risk of stent thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and death. Patients who require premature discontinuation of a thienopyridine will be at increased risk for cardiac events. Lapses in therapy should be avoided, and if thienopyridines must be temporarily discontinued because of an adverse event(s), they should be restarted as soon as possible [see Contraindications ( 4.1 , 4.2 ) and Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] . 5.4 Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) has been reported with the use of Effient. TTP can occur after a brief exposure (<2 weeks). TTP is a serious condition that can be fatal and requires urgent treatment, including plasmapheresis (plasma exchange). TTP is characterized by thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (schistocytes [fragment red blood cells] seen on peripheral smear), neurological findings, renal dysfunction, and fever [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.2 )] . 5.5 Hypersensitivity Including Angioedema Hypersensitivity including angioedema has been reported in patients receiving Effient, including patients with a history of hypersensitivity reaction to other thienopyridines [see Contraindications ( 4.3 ) and Adverse Reactions ( 6.2 )] .