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adverse reactions
ADVERSE REACTIONS Serious adverse reactions to diltiazem hydrochloride have been rare in studies with other formulations, as well as with diltiazem hydrochloride extended-release capsules. It should be recognized, however, that patients with impaired ventricular function and cardiac conduction abnormalities have usually been excluded from these studies. Hypertension The most common adverse events (frequency ≥1%) in placebo-controlled, clinical hypertension studies with diltiazem hydrochloride extended-release capsules using daily doses up to 540 mg, are listed in the table below with placebo-treated patients included for comparison. MOST COMMON ADVERSE EVENTS IN DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED HYPERTENSION TRIALS Adverse Events Diltiazem Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules Adverse events occurring in 1% or more of patients receiving diltiazem hydrochloride extended-release capsules. Placebo (COSTART Term) n=303 # pts (%) n=87 # pts (%) rhinitis 29 (9.6) 7 (8.0) headache 27 (8.9) 12 (13.8) pharyngitis 17 (5.6) 4 (4.6) constipation 11 (3.6) 2 (2.3) cough increase 9 (3.0) 2 (2.3) flu syndrome 7 (2.3) 1 (1.1) edema, peripheral 7 (2.3) 0 (0.0) myalgia 7 (2.3) 0 (0.0) diarrhea 6 (2.0) 0 (0.0) vomiting 6 (2.0) 0 (0.0) sinusitis 6 (2.0) 1 (1.1) asthenia 5 (1.7) 0 (0.0) pain, back 5 (1.7) 2 (2.3) nausea 5 (1.7) 1 (1.1) dyspepsia 4 (1.3) 0 (0.0) vasodilatation 4 (1.3) 0 (0.0) injury, accident 4 (1.3) 0 (0.0) pain, abdominal 3 (1.0) 0 (0.0) arthrosis 3 (1.0) 0 (0.0) insomnia 3 (1.0) 0 (0.0) dyspnea 3 (1.0) 0 (0.0) rash 3 (1.0) 1 (1.1) tinnitus 3 (1.0) 0 (0.0) Angina The most common adverse events (frequency ≥1%) in a placebo-controlled, short-term (2 week) clinical angina study with diltiazem hydrochloride extended-release capsules are listed in the table below with placebo-treated patients included for comparison. In this trial, following a placebo phase, patients were randomly assigned to once daily doses of either 120, 240, or 480 mg of diltiazem hydrochloride extended-release capsules. MOST COMMON ADVERSE EVENTS IN A DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED SHORT-TERM, ANGINA TRIALS Adverse Events Diltiazem Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules Adverse events occurring in 1% or more of patients receiving diltiazem hydrochloride extended-release capsules. Placebo (COSTART Term) n=139 # pts (%) n=50 # pts (%) asthenia 5 (3.6) 2 (4.0) headache 4 (2.9) 3 (6.0) pain, back 4 (2.9) 1 (2.0) rhinitis 4 (2.9) 1 (2.0) constipation 3 (2.2) 1 (2.0) nausea 3 (2.2) 0 (0.0) edema, peripheral 3 (2.2) 1 (2.0) dizziness 3 (2.2) 0 (0.0) cough, increased 3 (2.2) 0 (0.0) bradycardia 2 (1.4) 0 (0.0) fibrillation, atrial 2 (1.4) 0 (0.0) arthralgia 2 (1.4) 0 (0.0) dream, abnormal 2 (1.4) 0 (0.0) dyspnea 2 (1.4) 0 (0.0) pharyngitis 2 (1.4) 1 (2.0) Infrequent Adverse Events The following additional events (COSTART Terms), listed by body system, were reported infrequently (less than 1%) in all subjects, hypertensive (n=425) or angina (n=318) patients who received diltiazem hydrochloride extended-release capsules, or with other formulations of diltiazem. Hypertension Cardiovascular: First-degree AV block, arrhythmia, postural hypotension, tachycardia, pallor, palpitations, phlebitis, ECG abnormality, ST elevation. Nervous System: Vertigo, hypertonia, paresthesia, dizziness, somnolence. Digestive System: Dry mouth, anorexia, tooth disorder, eructation. Skin and Appendages: Sweating, urticaria, skin hypertrophy (nevus). Respiratory System: Epistaxis, bronchitis, respiratory disorder. Urogenital System: Cystitis, kidney calculus, impotence, dysmenorrhea, vaginitis, prostate disease. Metabolic and Nutritional Disorders: Gout, edema. Musculoskeletal System: Arthralgia, bursitis, bone pain. Hemic and Lymphatic System: Lymphadenopathy. Body as a Whole: Pain, unevaluable reaction, neck pain, neck rigidity, fever, chest pain, malaise. Special Senses: Amblyopia (blurred vision), ear pain. Angina Cardiovascular: Palpitations, AV block, sinus bradycardia, bigeminal extrasystole, angina pectoris, hypertension, hypotension, myocardial infarct, myocardial ischemia, syncope, vasodilatation, ventricular extrasystole. Nervous System: Abnormal thinking, neuropathy, paresthesia. Digestive System: Diarrhea, dyspepsia, vomiting, colitis, flatulence, GI hemorrhage, stomach ulcers. Skin and Appendages: Contact dermatitis, pruritus, sweating. Respiratory System: Respiratory distress. Urogenital System: Kidney failure, pyelonephritis, urinary tract infection. Metabolic and Nutritional Disorders: Weight increase. Musculoskeletal System: Myalgia. Body as a Whole: Chest pain, accidental injury, infection. Special Senses: Eye hemorrhage, ophthalmitis, otitis media, taste perversion, tinnitus. There have been post-marketing reports of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis associated with the use of diltiazem hydrochloride.