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warnings and cautions
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Conditions that raise urine pH may decrease the urinary elimination of memantine resulting in increased plasma levels of memantine. ( 5.1 , 7.1 ) 5.1 Genitourinary Conditions Conditions that raise urine pH may decrease the urinary elimination of memantine resulting in increased plasma levels of memantine [see Drug Interactions ( 7.1 )] .
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The most commonly observed adverse reactions occurring at a frequency of at least 5% and greater than placebo with administration of memantine hydrochloride extended-release capsules 28 mg/day were headache, diarrhea and dizziness. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Xiamen LP Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. at 1-877-676-0778 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch . 6.1 Clinical Trial s Experience Memantine hydrochloride extended-release capsules was evaluated in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial in which a total of 676 patients with moderate to severe dementia of the Alzheimer's type (341 patients on memantine hydrochloride extended-release capsules 28 mg/day and 335 patients on placebo) were treated for up to 24 weeks. Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Adverse Reactions Leading to Discontinuation In the placebo-controlled clinical trial of memantine hydrochloride extended-release capsules, the proportion of patients in the memantine hydrochloride extended-release capsules group and the placebo group who discontinued treatment due to adverse reactions was 10% and 6%, respectively. The most common adverse reaction that led to treatment discontinuation in the memantine hydrochloride extended-release capsules group was dizziness, at a rate of 1.5%. Most Common Adverse Reactions The most commonly observed adverse reactions seen in patients administered memantine hydrochloride extended-release capsules in the controlled clinical trial, defined as those occurring at a frequency of at least 5% in the memantine hydrochloride extended-release capsules group and at a frequency higher than placebo, were headache, diarrhea and dizziness. Table 1 lists adverse reactions that were observed at an incidence of ≥ 2% in the memantine hydrochloride extended-release capsules group and occurred at a rate greater than placebo. Table 1: Adverse Reactions Observed with a Frequency of ≥ 2% in the Memantine Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules Group and at a Rate Greater than Placebo Adverse R eaction Placebo (n = 335) % M emantine Hydrochloride Extended-R elease Capsules 28 mg (n = 341) % Gastrointestinal Disorders Diarrhea 4 5 Constipation 1 3 Abdominal pain 1 2 Vomiting 1 2 Infections and I nfestations Influenza 3 4 Investigations Weight, increased 1 3 Musculoskeletal and C onnective T issue D isorders Back pain 1 3 Nervous S ystem D isorders Headache 5 6 Dizziness 1 5 Somnolence 1 3 Psychiatric D isorders Anxiety 3 4 Depression 1 3 Aggression 1 2 Renal and U rinary D isorders Urinary incontinence 1 2 Vascular D isorders Hypertension 2 4 Hypotension 1 2 Seizure Memantine has not been systematically evaluated in patients with a seizure disorder. In clinical trials of memantine, seizures occurred in 0.3% of patients treated with memantine and 0.6% of patients treated with placebo. 6. 2 Post m arketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of memantine. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. These reactions include: Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders: agranulocytosis, leukopenia (including neutropenia), pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Cardiac Disorders: cardiac failure congestive. Gastrointestinal Disorders: pancreatitis. Hepatobiliary Disorders: hepatitis. Psychiatric Disorders: suicidal ideation. Renal and Urinary Disorders: acute renal failure (including increased creatinine and renal insufficiency). Skin Disorders: Stevens Johnson syndrome.