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adverse reactions
ADVERSE REACTIONS Analysis of the adverse events in a population consisting of 942 patients in 3 clinical studies diagnosed with myeloproliferative diseases of varying etiology (ET: 551; PV: 117; OMPD: 274) has shown that all disease groups have the same adverse event profile. While most reported adverse events during anagrelide therapy have been mild in intensity and have decreased in frequency with continued therapy, serious adverse events were reported in these patients. These include the following: congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, cardiomegaly, complete heart block, atrial fibrillation, cerebrovascular accident, pericarditis, pericardial effusion, pleural effusion, pulmonary infiltrates, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, pancreatitis, gastric/duodenal ulceration, and seizure. Of the 942 patients treated with anagrelide for a mean duration of approximately 65 weeks, 161 (17%) were discontinued from the study because of adverse events or abnormal laboratory test results. The most common adverse events for treatment discontinuation were headache, diarrhea, edema, palpitation, and abdominal pain. Overall, the occurrence rate of all adverse events was 17.9 per 1,000 treatment days. The occurrence rate of adverse events increased at higher dosages of anagrelide. The most frequently reported adverse reactions to anagrelide (in 5% or greater of 942 patients with myeloproliferative disease) in clinical trials were: Headache 43.5% Palpitations 26.1% Diarrhea 25.7% Asthenia 23.1% Edema, other 20.6% Nausea 17.1% Abdominal Pain 16.4% Dizziness 15.4% Pain, other 15.0% Dyspnea 11.9% Flatulence 10.2% Vomiting 9.7% Fever 8.9% Peripheral Edema 8.5% Rash, including urticaria 8.3% Chest Pain 7.8% Anorexia 7.7% Tachycardia 7.5% Pharyngitis 6.8% Malaise 6.4% Cough 6.3% Paresthesia 5.9% Back Pain 5.9% Pruritus 5.5% Dyspepsia 5.2% Adverse events with an incidence of 1% to less than 5% included: Body as a Whole System Flu symptoms, chills, photosensitivity Cardiovascular System Arrhythmia, hemorrhage, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, angina pectoris, heart failure, postural hypotension, thrombosis, vasodilatation, migraine, syncope Digestive System Constipation, GI distress, GI hemorrhage, gastritis, melena, aphthous stomatitis, eructation Hemic and Lymphatic System Anemia, thrombocytopenia, ecchymosis, lymphadenopathy Platelet counts below 100,000/µL occurred in 84 patients (ET: 35; PV: 9; OMPD: 40), reduction below 50,000/µL occurred in 44 patients (ET: 7; PV: 6; OMPD: 31) while on anagrelide therapy. Thrombocytopenia promptly recovered upon discontinuation of anagrelide. Hepatic System Elevated liver enzymes were observed in 3 patients (ET: 2; OMPD: 1) during anagrelide therapy. Musculoskeletal System Arthralgia, myalgia, leg cramps Nervous System Depression, somnolence, confusion, insomnia, nervousness, amnesia Nutritional Disorders Dehydration Respiratory System Rhinitis, epistaxis, respiratory disease, sinusitis, pneumonia, bronchitis, asthma Skin and Appendages System Skin disease, alopecia Special Senses Amblyopia, abnormal vision, tinnitus, visual field abnormality, diplopia Urogenital System Dysuria, hematuria Renal abnormalities occurred in 15 patients (ET: 10; PV: 4; OMPD: 1). Six ET, 4 PV and 1 with OMPD experienced renal failure (approximately 1%) while on anagrelide treatment; in 4 cases, the renal failure was considered to be possibly related to anagrelide treatment. The remaining 11 were found to have pre-existing renal impairment. Doses ranged from 1.5 to 6 mg/day, with exposure periods of 2 to 12 months. No dose adjustment was required because of renal insufficiency. The adverse event profile for patients in three clinical trials on anagrelide therapy (in 5% or greater of 942 patients with myeloproliferative diseases) is shown in the following bar graph: