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warnings and cautions
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Hyperkalemia: Patients with decreased renal function, diabetes, proteinuria or patients who are taking ACEs and ARBs, NSAIDs or moderate CYP3A inhibitors are at increased risk. Monitor serum potassium levels and adjust dose as needed. ( 5.1 ) 5.1 Hyperkalemia The risk of hyperkalemia is higher in patients with impaired renal function, proteinuria, diabetes and those concomitantly treated with ACEs, ARBs, NSAIDs and moderate CYP3A inhibitors. Minimize the risk of hyperkalemia with proper patient selection and monitoring [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) , Contraindications (4) , Adverse Reactions (6.2) , and Drug Interactions (7) ] . Monitor patients for the development of hyperkalemia until the effect of eplerenone tablets is established. Patients who develop hyperkalemia (5.5-5.9 mEq/L) may continue eplerenone tablet therapy with proper dose adjustment. Dose reduction decreases potassium levels. Patients on moderate CYP3A inhibitors that cannot be avoided should have their dose of eplerenone reduced [see Drug Interactions (7.2) ] .
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the labeling: Hyperkalemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] HFrEF Post-MI: Most common adverse reactions (> 2% and more frequent than with placebo): hyperkalemia and increased creatinine. ( 6.1 ) Hypertension: In clinical studies, adverse reactions with eplerenone tablets were uncommon. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Prasco, LLC at 1-866-525-0688 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Heart Failure Post-Myocardial Infarction : In EPHESUS, safety was evaluated in 3307 patients treated with eplerenone tablets and 3301 placebo-treated patients. The overall incidence of adverse events reported with eplerenone tablets (78.9%) was similar to placebo (79.5%). Adverse events occurred at a similar rate regardless of age, gender, or race. Patients discontinued treatment due to an adverse event at similar rates in either treatment group (4.4% eplerenone tablets vs. 4.3% placebo), with the most common reasons for discontinuation being hyperkalemia, MI, and abnormal renal function. Adverse reactions that occurred more frequently in patients treated with eplerenone tablets than placebo were hyperkalemia (3.4% vs. 2.0%) and increased creatinine (2.4% vs. 1.5%). Discontinuations due to hyperkalemia or abnormal renal function were less than 1.0% in both groups. Hypertension : Eplerenone tablets have been evaluated for safety in 3091 patients treated for hypertension. A total of 690 patients were treated for over 6 months and 106 patients were treated for over 1 year. In placebo-controlled studies, the overall rates of adverse events were 47% with eplerenone tablets and 45% with placebo. Adverse events occurred at a similar rate regardless of age, gender, or race. Therapy was discontinued due to an adverse event in 3% of patients treated with eplerenone tablets and 3% of patients given placebo. The most common reasons for discontinuation of eplerenone tablets were headache, dizziness, angina pectoris/MI, and increased GGT. Gynecomastia and abnormal vaginal bleeding were reported with eplerenone tablets but not with placebo. The rates increased with increasing duration of therapy. 6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of eplerenone tablets. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Skin: angioneurotic edema, rash 6.3 Clinical Laboratory Test Findings Heart Failure Post-Myocardial Infarction : Creatinine: Increases of more than 0.5 mg/dL were reported for 6.5% of patients administered eplerenone tablets and for 4.9% of placebo-treated patients. Potassium : In EPHESUS [see Clinical Studies (14.1) ] , the frequencies of patients with changes in potassium (< 3.5 mEq/L or > 5.5 mEq/L or ≥ 6.0 mEq/L) receiving eplerenone tablets compared with placebo are displayed in Table 2. Table 2. Hypokalemia (< 3.5 mEq/L) or Hyperkalemia(> 5.5 or ≥ 6.0 mEq/L) in EPHESUS Potassium (mEq/L) Eplerenone Tablets (N = 3251) n (%) Placebo (N = 3237) n (%) < 3.5 273 (8.4) 424 (13.1) > 5.5 508 (15.6) 363 (11.2) ≥ 6.0 180 (5.5) 126 (3.9) Rates of hyperkalemia increased with decreasing renal function. Table 3. Rates of Hyperkalemia ( > 5.5 mEq/L) in EPHESUS by Baseline Creatinine Clearance Estimated using the Cockroft-Gault formula. Baseline Creatinine Clearance Eplerenone Tablets (N = 508) n (%) Placebo (N = 363) n (%) ≤ 30 mL/min 160 (32) 82 (23) 31-50 mL/min 122 (24) 46 (13) 51-70 mL/min 86 (17) 48 (13) > 70 mL/min 56 (11) 32 (9) The rates of hyperkalemia in EPHESUS in the eplerenone tablet treated group vs. placebo were increased in patients with proteinuria (16% vs 11%), diabetes (18% vs. 13%) or both (26% vs. 16%). Hypertension : Potassium : In placebo-controlled fixed-dose studies, the mean increases in serum potassium were dose-related and are shown in Table 4 along with the frequencies of values > 5.5 mEq/L. Table 4. Increases in Serum Potassium in the Placebo-Controlled, Fixed-Dose Hypertension Studies of Eplerenone Tablets Mean Increase mEq/L % > 5.5 mEq/L Daily Dosage n Placebo 194 0 1 25 97 0.08 0 50 245 0.14 0 100 193 0.09 1