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adverse reactions
ADVERSE REACTIONS Systemic (Dose Related) Reactions: Systemic adverse reactions following the iontophoresis of lidocaine and epinephrine using the LidoSite™ System according to the directions for use are unlikely due to the absorbed dose (See PHARMACOKINETICS section). Systemic adverse effects of lidocaine are similar in nature to those observed with other amide-type local anesthetics including either excitatory and/or depressant (lightheadedness, nervousness, apprehension, euphoria, confusion, dizziness, drowsiness, tinnitus, blurred or double vision, vomiting, sensations of heat, cold or numbness, twitching, tremors, convulsions, unconsciousness, respiratory depression and arrest) CNS manifestations. Excitatory CNS reactions may be brief or may not occur at all, in which case the first manifestation may be drowsiness leading to unconsciousness. Cardiovascular manifestations are usually depressant and are characterized by bradycardia, hypotension, conduction abnormalities, dysrhythmias and/or cardiovascular collapse which may lead to cardiac arrest. Systemic adverse effects of epinephrine may include palpitations, tachycardia, hypertension, sweating, nausea and vomiting, respiratory difficulty, pallor, dizziness, weakness, tremor, headache, apprehension, nervousness and anxiety. Cardiac arrhythmias may follow the administration of epinephrine. Allergic: Allergic reactions, including anaphylactoid and anaphylactic, may occur as a result of sensitivity either to the local anesthetic agents or to the preservatives such as sodium metabisulfite. They may be characterized by cutaneous lesions, urticaria, angioedema, bronchospasm, tachycardia, hypotension or shock. Allergic reactions as a result of sensitivity to lidocaine are extremely rare and, if they occur, should be managed by conventional means. The detection of sensitivity by skin testing is of doubtful value. Most Common Adverse Events In placebo-controlled studies with LidoSite™ System, 4.5% of patients on placebo (N=333) and 4.5% of patients on LidoSite™ System (N=330) reported an adverse event. Because the placebo groups were not "no treatment" groups, but instead generally utilized an unaltered LidoSite™ Patch or an epinephrine only-containing patch with application of current, comparing the incidence of adverse events between the placebo and LidoSite™ System groups may not fully elucidate the incidence of adverse events that are attributable to iontophoresis, epinephrine or local irritation from patch application. In these studies, adverse events that occurred at a higher incidence in LidoSite™ System treated subjects compared to placebo treated subjects included subcutaneous hematoma (0.9% vs. 0.3%) and vasoconstriction (0.9% vs. 0.3%). In one study, the incidence of application site papules was reported to be as high as 12% and in another study the incidence of burns was reported to be as high as 8%. There were no serious adverse events attributed to LidoSite™ System treatment. In the overall safety database (812 patients administered LidoSite™ System) 0.8% of patients discontinued due to an adverse event. The most common reasons for discontinuation were: application site pain, N=4 (0.5%), application site burning, N=3 (0.4%), and pruritus, N=1 (0.1%). The most frequently observed adverse events from all studies are presented below: Summary of most frequently observed adverse events from all studies involving LidoSite™ System Adverse Event LidoSite™ System (N s =827, N t =925) N s =Number of Subjects, N t =Number of Treatments; % computed based on the number of treatments (N t ); In three Pharmacokinetic studies each subject received three treatments during the study. n (%) Placebo LidoSite™ System without lidocaine (N s =308, N t =308) n(%) LidoSite™ Patch without application of current (N s =25, N t =25) n(%) Pain/burning sensation with iontophoresis 22 (2.4) 18 (5.8) 0 Rash (includes macular & papular) 45 (4.9) 0 0 Burns 13 (1.4) 1 (0.3) 0 Subcutaneous hematoma 3 (0.3) 1 (0.3) 0 Marked vasoconstriction 3 (0.3) 2 (0.6) 0 Erythema 1 (0.1) 0 0 Urticaria 1 (0.1) 0 0
adverse reactions table
<table> <col/> <col/> <col/> <col/> <tbody> <tr> <td align="center" rowspan="2" styleCode=" Botrule Toprule Lrule Rrule "> <paragraph>Adverse Event</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" rowspan="2" styleCode=" Botrule Toprule Lrule Rrule "> <paragraph>LidoSite™ System (N<sub>s</sub>=827, N<sub>t</sub>=925)<footnote ID="FOOT_9984">N<sub>s</sub>=Number of Subjects, N<sub>t</sub>=Number of Treatments; % computed based on the number of treatments (N<sub>t</sub>); In three Pharmacokinetic studies each subject received three treatments during the study.</footnote> n (%)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" colspan="2" styleCode=" Botrule Toprule Lrule Rrule "> <paragraph>Placebo</paragraph> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" styleCode=" Botrule Toprule Lrule Rrule ">LidoSite™ System without lidocaine (N<sub>s</sub> =308, N<sub>t</sub>=308)<footnoteRef IDREF="FOOT_9984"/> n(%)</td> <td align="center" styleCode=" Botrule Toprule Lrule Rrule ">LidoSite™ Patch without application of current (N<sub>s</sub> =25, N<sub>t</sub> =25)<footnoteRef IDREF="FOOT_9984"/> n(%)</td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode=" Botrule Toprule Lrule Rrule ">Pain/burning sensation with iontophoresis</td> <td align="center" valign="top" styleCode=" Botrule Toprule Lrule Rrule ">22 (2.4)</td> <td align="center" styleCode=" Botrule Toprule Lrule Rrule "> <paragraph>18 (5.8)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode=" Botrule Toprule Lrule Rrule ">0</td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode=" Botrule Toprule Lrule Rrule ">Rash (includes macular & papular)</td> <td align="center" valign="top" styleCode=" Botrule Toprule Lrule Rrule ">45 (4.9)</td> <td align="center" styleCode=" Botrule Toprule Lrule Rrule ">0</td> <td align="center" styleCode=" Botrule Toprule Lrule Rrule ">0</td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode=" Botrule Toprule Lrule Rrule ">Burns</td> <td align="center" valign="top" styleCode=" Botrule Toprule Lrule Rrule ">13 (1.4)</td> <td align="center" styleCode=" Botrule Toprule Lrule Rrule "> <paragraph>1 (0.3)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode=" Botrule Toprule Lrule Rrule ">0</td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode=" Botrule Toprule Lrule Rrule ">Subcutaneous hematoma</td> <td align="center" valign="top" styleCode=" Botrule Toprule Lrule Rrule "> <paragraph>3 (0.3) </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode=" Botrule Toprule Lrule Rrule ">1 (0.3)</td> <td align="center" styleCode=" Botrule Toprule Lrule Rrule ">0</td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode=" Botrule Toprule Lrule Rrule ">Marked vasoconstriction</td> <td align="center" valign="top" styleCode=" Botrule Toprule Lrule Rrule "> <paragraph>3 (0.3)</paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode=" Botrule Toprule Lrule Rrule ">2 (0.6)</td> <td align="center" styleCode=" Botrule Toprule Lrule Rrule ">0</td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode=" Botrule Toprule Lrule Rrule ">Erythema</td> <td align="center" valign="top" styleCode=" Botrule Toprule Lrule Rrule "> <paragraph>1 (0.1) </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode=" Botrule Toprule Lrule Rrule ">0</td> <td align="center" styleCode=" Botrule Toprule Lrule Rrule ">0</td> </tr> <tr> <td styleCode=" Botrule Toprule Lrule Rrule ">Urticaria </td> <td align="center" valign="top" styleCode=" Botrule Toprule Lrule Rrule "> <paragraph>1 (0.1) </paragraph> </td> <td align="center" styleCode=" Botrule Toprule Lrule Rrule ">0</td> <td align="center" styleCode=" Botrule Toprule Lrule Rrule ">0</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>